. Anthropology. races of the human group. Man, at least the white, has vertical teeth; the canines, as weU.as the molars and incisors, are close together and smaller. Hissmall permanent molars have two tubercles, and the larger four; inthis respect there is no difference between him and the anthropoids.There are twenty temporary and thirty-two permanent teeth, exactlyas in the four anthropoid apes, the pithecians, and the greaternumber of the lemurs. In the cebians, a small molar is addedon each side, which raises their total number to thicty-six. Some Chap, i.] PHYSICAL CHABACTBRS. 59. monkey

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. Anthropology. races of the human group. Man, at least the white, has vertical teeth; the canines, as weU.as the molars and incisors, are close together and smaller. Hissmall permanent molars have two tubercles, and the larger four; inthis respect there is no difference between him and the anthropoids.There are twenty temporary and thirty-two permanent teeth, exactlyas in the four anthropoid apes, the pithecians, and the greaternumber of the lemurs. In the cebians, a small molar is addedon each side, which raises their total number to thicty-six. Some Chap, i.] PHYSICAL CHABACTBRS. 59. monkeys have a different dental formula; the macauco, for example, has thirty-eight. The progress of the eruption of the teeth in monkeys, and theirperiods of succession, are but imperfectly known. It is certain thatthe eruption is more rapid (cceteris paribus) in the anthropoid apesthan in Man.* The superior alveolar arch in Man is generally in the form ofan hyperbola with relatively short branches; that of the three. Fig. 8.—a, Jaw of the European; B, Jaw of the Chimpanzee. principal anthropoid apes takes the form of a U with long andexactly parallel branches; that of the sajou and the macaque iseUiptical.—{Broca). Other characters have been given as peculiar-to Man ; for example : * See LHomme et les Singes Anthropomorphes, by M. Magitot, in Bull. Soc. dAnthrop., 2nd series, vol. iv. p. 113. Paris. ?60 PHYSICAL CHAEACTERS. [Chap. i. The presence of a cliin—^that is to say, of a small triangularsurface, more or less projecting atove the inferior border of the jaw.But this character has lost its value since its ahsence has beennoticed in a certain number of human specimens, among them theprehistoric jaw of the Naulette, and some contemporaneous onesrepresented by MM. Quatrefages and Hamy. The existence of the tubercles g^ni, on the posterior surface ofthe inferior maxillary bone, which are replaced by a depression inmonkeys. But exceptions of an opposite kind are met with con-t