Erinevian
Spoken in Supki and Sunik Nation and is considered an official language of the nation. It has some relation to the Elivera Traditional or Üooaføv̱ian, so it is suspected to be from the same family.
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
...eñs̃e̖ aet zo̖añ uvri tra̖i vña̖oñati illa̖jer eñs̃e̖ ozo̖aña̖oqa̖ inñzu̖ aeru̖aefe̖ate̖ re̖ñet uvri tra̖i tro̖qo̖...
Pronunciation: /ˈeŋʨeː ætʼ ˈzoːɑŋ ˈuvɹi ˈtʼɹɑːi ˌvŋɑːoˈŋɑtʼi iˈʟɑːɰeɹ ˈeŋʨeː ˌozoːˌɑŋɑːˈoqʼɑː ˈinŋzuː ˌæɹuːˌæθeːˈɑtʼeː ˈɹeːŋetʼ ˈuvɹi ˈtʼɹɑːi ˈtʼɹoːqʼoː/
Erinevian word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned
Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions
There are three number classes that are recognized as distinct in this language: singular, plural, and paucal. Articles are always placed before the word they reference.
This language is aggulinative, as in affixes are added to the end of a root word to inflect it with class, number, tense, mood, aspect, etc.
Erinevian has a base-10 number system:
1 - aret̰aen
2 - pu̖
3 - suevu
4 - uro̖azauz
5 - raeñivo̖
6 - uñiñe̖
7 - reis̃a̖
8 - vin
9 - kaerhez̃
10 - aeqo̖aeqe̖
Hundred - mu̖ñ
Thousand - mre̖sirsae
Natively known as: erinev /eˈɹinev/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
...eñs̃e̖ aet zo̖añ uvri tra̖i vña̖oñati illa̖jer eñs̃e̖ ozo̖aña̖oqa̖ inñzu̖ aeru̖aefe̖ate̖ re̖ñet uvri tra̖i tro̖qo̖...
Pronunciation: /ˈeŋʨeː ætʼ ˈzoːɑŋ ˈuvɹi ˈtʼɹɑːi ˌvŋɑːoˈŋɑtʼi iˈʟɑːɰeɹ ˈeŋʨeː ˌozoːˌɑŋɑːˈoqʼɑː ˈinŋzuː ˌæɹuːˌæθeːˈɑtʼeː ˈɹeːŋetʼ ˈuvɹi ˈtʼɹɑːi ˈtʼɹoːqʼoː/
Erinevian word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned
Grammar
Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions
Grammar Basics
There are three number classes that are recognized as distinct in this language: singular, plural, and paucal. Articles are always placed before the word they reference.
Pronouns
| Singular | Plural | Paucal | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | on /on/ I, me, mine | nae /næ/ we, us, ours | az /ɑz/ few of us |
| 2nd person | es̃ /eʨ/ you, yours | ev /ev/ you all, yours (pl) | ñou /ˈŋou/ few of you |
| 3rd person | tra̖i /ˈtʼɹɑːi/ he, she, him, her, his, hers, it, its | llñe̖u /ˈʟŋeːu/ they, them, theirs | ñu̖ae /ˈŋuːæ/ few of them |
Articles
| Singular | Plural | Paucal | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Definite | t̰o̖ /ʦoː/ the | ato̖ /ˈɑtʼoː/ the | nu /nu/ few of the |
| Indefinite | ka /kʼɑ/ a | kño̖u /ˈkʼŋoːu/ some | rae /ɹæ/ few |
Affixes
This language is aggulinative, as in affixes are added to the end of a root word to inflect it with class, number, tense, mood, aspect, etc.
Noun number
| Singular | No affix
nu̖ha̖ /ˈnuːħɑː/ cat |
| Plural | Suffix -ætʼ
nu̖ha̖aet /nuːˈħɑːætʼ/ cats |
| Paucal | If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʦ
Else: Suffix -e nu̖ha̖t̰ /ˈnuːħɑːʦ/ few cats |
Noun Class
| Nominative | No affix
nu̖ha̖ /ˈnuːħɑː/ cat (doing the verb) |
| Accusative | Suffix -ekʼ
nu̖ha̖ek /nuːˈħɑːekʼ/ (verb done to) cat |
| Genitive | Suffix -uqʼ
nu̖ha̖uq /nuːˈħɑːuqʼ/ catʼs |
| Illative | Suffix -oz
nu̖ha̖oz /nuːˈħɑːoz/ into/toward (the/a) cat |
| Inessive | If ends with vowel: Suffix -tʼ
Else: Suffix -æ nu̖ha̖t /ˈnuːħɑːtʼ/ inside (the/a) cat |
| Elative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -i nu̖ha̖v /ˈnuːħɑːv/ out of (the/a) cat |
| Comitative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -ɑ nu̖ha̖n /ˈnuːħɑːn/ with (the/a) cat |
| Essive | Suffix -iʦ
nu̖ha̖it̰ /nuːˈħɑːiʦ/ denotes period of time cat exists doing x |
| Locative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -qʼ
Else: Suffix -ɑ nu̖ha̖q /ˈnuːħɑːqʼ/ near/at/by (the/a) cat |
| Ablative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -s
Else: Suffix -ɑ nu̖ha̖s /ˈnuːħɑːs/ away from (the/a) cat |
| Instrumental | Suffix -eɹ
nu̖ha̖er /nuːˈħɑːeɹ/ with/by (the/a) cat |
| Subessive | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -o nu̖ha̖n /ˈnuːħɑːn/ under (the/a) cat |
| Superessive | Suffix -eʥ
nu̖ha̖ez̃ /nuːˈħɑːeʥ/ on (the/a) cat |
| Temporal | Suffix -ɑʨ
nu̖ha̖as̃ /nuːˈħɑːɑʨ/ when/at (the/a) cat |
Numbers
Erinevian has a base-10 number system:
1 - aret̰aen
2 - pu̖
3 - suevu
4 - uro̖azauz
5 - raeñivo̖
6 - uñiñe̖
7 - reis̃a̖
8 - vin
9 - kaerhez̃
10 - aeqo̖aeqe̖
Hundred - mu̖ñ
Thousand - mre̖sirsae
Phonology
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: kʼ l n pʼ qʼ s tʼ v w z ħ ŋ ɰ ɱ ɹ ʋ ʟ ʣ ʥ ʦ ʨ θ| ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | ɱ | n | ŋ | |||||
| Stop | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | qʼ | ||||
| Affricate | ʦ ʣ | ʨ ʥ | ||||||
| Fricative | v | θ | s z | ħ | ||||
| Approximant | ʋ | ɹ | ɰ | |||||
| Lateral approximant | l | ʟ |
Co-articulated phonemes
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar |
|---|---|
| Approximant | w |
Vowel inventory: e eː i o oː u uː æ ɑ ɑː
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u uː |
| High-mid | e eː | o oː |
| Near-low | æ | |
| Low | ɑ ɑː |
Morphology
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = Prefix ɰi-Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ez
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix le-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -e
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʦ Else: Suffix -æ
Noun to verb = Suffix -uqʼ
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Prefix ʣe-
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = Prefix ɱe- Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix pʼi-
Tending to = Prefix ɹɑ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix ʟo-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix ʦɑ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -okʼ
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -tʼ Else: Suffix -i
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -i
Augmentative = Suffix -uɹ
Syntax
Example Sentence: The cat jumped through the window.
t̰o̖ nu̖ha̖ t̰o̖ kive eñutra̖ aekiuniz
Pronunciation: /ʦoː ˈnuːħɑː ʦoː ˈkʼive eˈŋutʼɹɑː æˈkʼiuniz/
Gloss:
| t̰o̖ | nu̖ha̖ | t̰o̖ | kive | eñutra̖ | aekiuniz |
| SG.DEF:ARTICLE | cat-SG:N-NOM:N | SG.DEF:ARTICLE | window-SG:N | through | jump-PST:V-INDICATIVE-PERFECTIVE |
Vocabulary
Words are constructed in the following manner:
Syllable structure:
C = pʼ qʼ kʼ tʼ ʋ w ɹ ɰ ħ ʦ ʨ ʣ ʥ s z n ɱ l ʟ ŋ θ v
L = qʼ kʼ tʼ ɹ ʦ ʨ ʥ s z n v
J = ɹ ŋ
V = i e æ ɑ o u
X = oː eː ɑː uː
S = CV VCV VJ CX VCX
T = LV VL CVL VLV LX VLX
W = JV LJX CJX J JX VJX L C
where the above can be combined in the following ways:
S T SS TT ST TS WT WS TW SW SWT TWS WST WTS
pronoun = VL WV
determiner = T WV
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable
where the above can be combined in the following ways:
S T SS TT ST TS WT WS TW SW SWT TWS WST WTS
pronoun = VL WV
determiner = T WV
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable
Phonetics
Spelling rules:
| Pronunciation | Spelling |
|---|---|
| pʼ | p |
| ʣ | d |
| θ | f |
| ʋ | v̰ |
| ɑː | a̖ |
| ɑ | a |
| ɰ | j |
| tʼ | t |
| ɱ | m |
| ŋ | ñ |
| eː | e̖ |
| kʼ | k |
| ħ | h |
| ʥ | z̃ |
| ʨ | s̃ |
| uː | u̖ |
| u | u |
| i | i |
| oː | o̖ |
| qʼ | q |
| ɹ | r |
| ʟ | ll |
| æ | ae |
| e | e |
| o | o |
| ʦ | t̰ |
Tenses
Verb tense
To conjugate a verb, the verb tense is added first, then mood, then aspect.| Past | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -i ñollaeti /ŋoˈʟætʼi/ learned |
| Present | No affix
ñollaet /ˈŋoʟætʼ/ learn |
| Future | Prefix tʼɑ-
tañollaet /tʼɑˈŋoʟætʼ/ will learn |
Verb mood
| Indicative | Suffix -un
ñollaetun /ŋoˈʟætʼun/ factual statement or witnessed observation |
| Conditional | Suffix -iʦ
ñollaetit̰ /ŋoˈʟætʼiʦ/ event is conditional on something else |
| Subjunctivei | If ends with vowel: Suffix -qʼ
Else: Suffix -i ñollaeti /ŋoˈʟætʼi/ hypothetical situations |
| Subjunctiveii | Suffix -ɑʦ
ñollaetat̰ /ŋoˈʟætʼɑʦ/ expressing emotions or how the body feels |
| Subjunctiveiii | Suffix -uʨ
ñollaetus̃ /ŋoˈʟætʼuʨ/ expressing opinions |
| Imperative | Suffix -æz
ñollaetaez /ŋoˈʟætʼæz/ commands |
| Optative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -s
Else: Suffix -u ñollaetu /ŋoˈʟætʼu/ expressing wishes or hopes |
| Potential | If ends with vowel: Suffix -tʼ
Else: Suffix -u ñollaetu /ŋoˈʟætʼu/ probability something will happen |
| Presumptive | If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -ɑ ñollaeta /ŋoˈʟætʼɑ/ expressing a hypothesis or statement that is not factual |
| Presumptivei | Suffix -itʼ
ñollaetit /ŋoˈʟætʼitʼ/ expressing doubt or concern |
| Inferential | Suffix -ɑv
ñollaetav /ŋoˈʟætʼɑv/ reporting on event without confirming it |
| Interrogative | Suffix -oz
ñollaetoz /ŋoˈʟætʼoz/ expressing a question |
Verb aspect
| Perfective | Suffix -iz
ñollaetiz /ŋoˈʟætʼiz/ learn |
| Habitual | Prefix ʦo-
t̰oñollaet /ʦoˈŋoʟætʼ/ learn (often) |
| Continuous | Suffix -eqʼ
ñollaeteq /ŋoˈʟætʼeqʼ/ learning |
| Perfect | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -e ñollaete /ŋoˈʟætʼe/ have learned |
| Cessative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʥ
Else: Suffix -o ñollaeto /ŋoˈʟætʼo/ done learning |
| Ingressive | Suffix -oʦ
ñollaetot̰ /ŋoˈʟætʼoʦ/ start learning |
Adjective Order
Adjective number
| Singular | No affix
re̖v̰a̖uz /ɹeːˈʋɑːuz/ |
| Plural | Prefix kʼu-
kure̖v̰a̖uz /ˌkʼuɹeːˈʋɑːuz/ |
| Paucal | Suffix -ekʼ
re̖v̰a̖uzek /ˌɹeːʋɑːˈuzekʼ/ |
Adjective affixes
Adjective affixes will always match the class of the noun that it references. The following is using the word "big" as an example.| Nominative | No affix
re̖v̰a̖uz /ɹeːˈʋɑːuz/ |
| Accusative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -z
Else: Suffix -u re̖v̰a̖uzu /ˌɹeːʋɑːˈuzu/ |
| Genitive | Suffix -okʼ
re̖v̰a̖uzok /ˌɹeːʋɑːˈuzokʼ/ |
| Illative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -qʼ
Else: Suffix -u re̖v̰a̖uzu /ˌɹeːʋɑːˈuzu/ |
| Inessive | If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɹ
Else: Suffix -ɑ re̖v̰a̖uza /ˌɹeːʋɑːˈuzɑ/ |
| Elative | Prefix wɑ-
ware̖v̰a̖uz /ˌwɑɹeːˈʋɑːuz/ |
| Comitative | Suffix -eʦ
re̖v̰a̖uzet̰ /ˌɹeːʋɑːˈuzeʦ/ |
| Essive | If ends with vowel: Suffix -tʼ
Else: Suffix -u re̖v̰a̖uzu /ˌɹeːʋɑːˈuzu/ |
| Locative | Suffix -ɑʦ
re̖v̰a̖uzat̰ /ˌɹeːʋɑːˈuzɑʦ/ |
| Ablative | Suffix -iz
re̖v̰a̖uziz /ˌɹeːʋɑːˈuziz/ |
| Instrumental | Suffix -ɑʥ
re̖v̰a̖uzaz̃ /ˌɹeːʋɑːˈuzɑʥ/ |
| Subessive | If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʥ
Else: Suffix -o re̖v̰a̖uzo /ˌɹeːʋɑːˈuzo/ |
| Superessive | Prefix ʣu-
dure̖v̰a̖uz /ˌʣuɹeːˈʋɑːuz/ |
| Temporal | Suffix -æs
re̖v̰a̖uzaes /ˌɹeːʋɑːˈuzæs/ |
Dictionary
Successor Languages
Common Unisex Names
- Iro̖va̖ /iˈɹoːvɑː/
- Ero̖kiaene /eˌɹoːkʼiˈæne/
- Et̰oqo /eˈʦoqʼo/
- Avjut /ˈɑvɰutʼ/
- Uzaesi /uˈzæsi/
- Ñku̖t̰a /ˈŋkʼuːʦɑ/
- Ñihez̃e̖ /ŋiˈħeʥeː/
- Zos /zos/
To chat with me, check out TheBird, my Mastodon Profile
Comments