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    Solved problem for hyd4aulic and water resource engineering for post graduate student

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    1K views6 pages

    River Engineering and Sediment Transport Solved Probelem

    Uploaded by

    Maulid
    Solved problem for hyd4aulic and water resource engineering for post graduate student

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 6

    HE 614 – River Engineering and Sediment Transport

    ANSWER TO ASSIGNMENT-3

    1. A sediment transporting river with an approximately rectangular cross section has a mean
    flow of 125 m3/s. The average width and depth of the river is 20 m and 5 m, respectively.
    Bed material median grain size is 2 mm, d90 = 8 mm, and slope I = 0.1m/km. The water
    temperature is 20oC. Other data are: ρs = 2650 kg/m3, ρ = 103 kg/m3, ν = 10-6 m2/s.
    Calculate the bed load sediment transport along the bottom using the Meyer-Peter and
    Mueller formula and the Van Rijn formula.
    By using Meyer Peter and Mueller formula
    The given river has a rectangular cross section
    A = h*w = 5*20 = 100m2
    Q = Aū , ū = Q/A where ū= depth average flow velocity

    Ū = 125/(5*20) = 1.25m/s.

    C=ū/(RI)0.5 = 1.25/(3.33*10-4 ) 0.5=68.46m1/2/s


    C’ = 18log (12R/d90) = 18log(12*3.33/(8*10-3 )) = 66.57m1/2/s

    μ =(C/C’)1.5 = (68.46/66.57)1.5 =1.04


    Ө = (τb,c)/(ρs-ρ)gd m = (hI)/(s-1)d50 = (5*10-4 )/(1.65*2*10-3 ) = 0.151515

    μӨ = 0.151515*1.04 = 0.1576

    υb = 8(μӨ – 0.047)1.5 = 0.294


    qb,c = υb *(s-1)0.5g0.5dm0.5 = 0.294*1.650.5 *9.810.5*2*10-3 = 1.057*10-4m2/s.

    By using Van Rijn formula


    C’ = 18 log (12R/3d90) = 18*log (12*3.33/(3*8*10-3)) = 58 m1/2/s

    τ'b = ρg(ū/C’) 2 = 1000*9.81*(1.25/58)2 = 4.56N/m2


    τb,cr = 1.35 N/m2

    T = ( τ'b - τb,cr )/ τb,cr = (4.56-1.35)/1.35 = 2.377

    𝑠−1 𝑔 1/3 2.65−1 9.81 1/3


    𝐷∗ = 𝑑50 =2 ∗ 10−3 ∗ = 50.59
    𝑣2 10 −12

    Since the value of T is less than 3

    𝑞𝑏,𝑐 = 0.053(𝑠 − 1)0.5 𝑔0.5 𝑑50


    1.5 −0.3 2.1
    𝐷∗ 𝑇 = 3.621*10-5 m2/s.
    3. The following data were measured from a river station: discharge Q = 198 m3/s, mean depth h = 3
    m, width w = 60 m, channel slope I = 0.00044, d50 = 0.26 mm, d90 = 0.52 mm, T = 20oC. Other data
    are: ρs = 2650 kg/m3, ρ = 103 kg/m3, ν = 10-6 m2/s. The bed material size distribution is given in the
    following table. The Chézy-coefficient is C = 50 m1/2/s.

    Size fraction (mm) Geometric mean, d i (mm) Percentage available, pi (%)


    0.002 – 0.0625 0.011 0.9
    0.0625 – 0.125 0.0884 4.4
    0.125 – 0.25 0.177 14.2
    0.25 – 0.5 0.354 74.9
    0.5 – 1.0 0.707 5.0
    1.0 – 2.0 1.41 0.5
    2.0 – 4.0 2.83 0.1

    Compute the bed-load transport using the mean particle size and size fraction method (Meyer-Peter-
    Mueller formula).

     Mean particle size method


    R= A/P = 60*3/(3*2+60) = 2.727 dm =Σpidi = 0.0003395m

    C’ = 18 log (12R/d90) = 18*log (12*3/(0.52*10-3) =87.13m1/2/s

    τb = ρghI = 2650*9.81*3*0.00044 = 12.95N/m2


    Ө = τb/((ρs-ρ)gd m) = 12.95/(1650*9.81*0.0003395) = 2.356

    υb = 8(μӨ-0.047)1.5 = 8*(1.025-0.047)1.5 = 7.74


    qb = υb*(s-1)0.5*g0.5d m1.5 =1.94*10-4 m2/s

     Size fraction method

    D* = dm ((s-1)g/v2)1/3 = 8.5879 Өcr = τb,cr/(( ρs-ρ)gd m) = 0.0327

    Size
    class(mm) di(mm) pi dipi ξi μӨi A qb
    0.002-0.0625 0.011 0.009 0.000000099 6.0693 29.12 1.4157092 1.66238E-06
    0.0625-0.125 0.0884 0.044 3.8896E-06 1.84161 3.623529 0.3027366 8.0986E-06
    0.125-0.25 0.177 0.142 0.000025134 1.284033 1.809717 0.3444996 2.61105E-05
    0.25-0.5 0.354 0.749 0.000265146 0.985994 0.904859 0.6412444 0.000137466
    0.5-1.0 0.707 0.05 0.00003535 0.800555 0.453069 0.015116 9.146E-06
    1.0-2.0 1.41 0.005 0.00000705 0.674045 0.227177 0.0005335 9.09181E-07
    2.0-4.0 2.83 0.001 0.00000283 0.581331 0.113187 3.712E-05 1.79883E-07

    Total 0.000183572
    Thus the rate of bed load transport is 1.836*10-4m2/s
    5. A reservoir has been built in a river. The bed of the river section downstream of the Reservoir
    consists of non-uniform material with a size distribution according to the table below. What is
    the composition of the armour layer which will be formed downstream of the reservoir, when
    the flow passing this section exerts a bed-shear stress of τb= 2.0N/m2 ?

    Size fraction(mm) Geometric mean, di(mm) Percentage available, pi (%)


    0.002-0.0625 0.011 0.9
    0.0625-0.125 0.0884 4.4
    0.125-0.25 0.177 14.2
    0.25-0.5 0.354 74.9
    0.5-1.0 0.707 5.0
    1.0-2.0 1.41 0.5
    2.0-4.0 2.83 0.1

    Size fraction di Po,i Τcr,i Τcr,i/τb ri ri Po,i Pa,i Σ Pa,i


    (μm) (μm) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-)
    2-62.5 11.0 0.009 0.15 0.075 0.047 0.000423 0.00618 0.00618
    62.5-125 88.4 0.044 0.15 0.075 0.049 0.00206 0.0301 0.03628
    125-250 177 0.142 0.175 0.0875 0.060 0.0085 0.124 0.16028
    250-500 354 0.749 0.20 0.10 0.068 0.0524 0.765 0.92528
    500-1000 707 0.05 0.38 0.19 0.08 0.004 0.0584 0.98368
    1000-2000 1410 0.005 0.72 0.36 0.13 0.00065 0.00949 0.99377
    2000-4000 2830 0.001 1.75 0.875 0.45 0.00045 0.00657 1.00034
    Σ= 0.068483

    Where; Τcr,I from shields curve , P a,i= ri Po,i/ Σ r i Po,i

    ri from table 7.37


    By interpolating the above calculated table d50 = 255.15μm and d90 =348.15

    7. A wide river has a water depth of h = 3 m, energy gradient of I = 2(10-4), depth-averaged flow
    velocity of 𝐮 = 𝟏. 𝟐 𝐦/𝐬. The bed material characteristics are: d35 = 120 μm, d50 = 150 μm, d90 =
    300 μm, σs = 1.5. Other data are: Te = 20oC, ν = 10-6 m2/s. ρs = 2650 kg/m3, ρ = 1000 kg/m3.

    a. Compute representative size of suspended sediment.


    b. Compute reference concentration according to Van Rijn.
    c. Compute sediment concentration (Rouse profile) at z = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1 and 2 m above the bed.
    d. Compute suspended load transport according to Bagnold and Van Rijn.
    e. Compute ratio of suspended load transport according to Bagnold and Van Rijn
    f. Compute total load transport according to Engelund-Hansen, Ackers-White, Bagnold and
    Van Rijn.
    Solution:
    A -C’ = 18log (12h/3d90) = 18log (12*3/3*300*10-6) = 82.84m1/2/s

    τb =ρg(ū/c’)2 = 1000*9.81(1.2/82.84)2 =2.06 N/m2


    τb,cr =0.17N/m2 ( from shields curve)

    T =( τb- τb,cr)/ τb,cr ==( 2.06-0.17)/0.17 =11.12

    d s = (1+0.11*(σs-1)(T-25))d50 =(1+0.11*(1.5-1)(11.12-25))150*10-6 =139 μm

    B-van Rijn method


    τb =ρghI = 1000*9.81*3*2*10-4 =5.9N/m2
    U* = (τb/ρ) 0.5 =0.077m/s
    C= ū/(hI)0.5 = 1.2/(3*2*10-4)0.5 =49m1/2/s

    ks= 12h10-C/18 =12*3*10-49/18=0.068


    D*=d50 ((s-1)g/v2)1/3 = 150*10-6((2.65-1)9.81/(10-6) 2)1/3 =3.79

    𝑑50 𝑇 1.5 150 ∗ 10−6 11.121.5


    𝐶𝑎 = 0.015 = 𝐶𝑎 = 0.015 = 0.0008
    𝐾𝑠 𝐷∗0.3 0.068 3.790.3

    0.0008*ρs = 0.0008*2650 =2.18kg/m3


    10𝑣 3
    1+0.01 𝑠−1 𝑔𝑑 50
    C- 𝑤𝑠 = ( )0.5 -1 =0.016m/s
    𝑑 50 𝜈2

    Suspension number, Z’ =Z+ψ

    β = 1+2(ws/u*) = 1+2(0.016/0.077) =1.09


    Z = ws/ βкu* = 0.016/ (1.09*0.4*0.077) = 0.477
    𝑤𝑠 0.8 𝑐𝑎 0.4 0.016 0.8 0.0008 0.4
    𝜓 = 2.5 ∗ ( ) ( ) = 2.5 ∗ ( ) ( ) = 0.0488
    𝑢∗ 𝑐0 0.077 0.65

    Z’ = 0.477+0.0488 = 0.53
    ℎ−𝑍 𝑎 ′
    𝐶 = 𝐶𝑎 ( )𝑍
    𝑍 ℎ−𝑎

    Height above bed Concentration


    0.1 1.78
    0.3 0.96
    0.5 0.71
    1 0.44
    2 0.21
    D-Bagnold
    τb =ρghI =1000*3*9.81*2*10-4 =6N/m2
    eb=0.1, tan β = I =2*10-4, es =0.02 , cosβ =1
    𝑒𝑠 (1−𝑒 𝑏 )𝜏 𝑏 ū
    𝑞𝑠𝑐 = 𝑤𝑠 =6.096*10-6
    𝜌 𝑠 −𝜌 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽
    ū

    𝐾𝑔
    𝑞𝑠𝑐 = 𝑞𝑠𝑐 ∗ 𝜌𝑠 = 6.09 ∗ 10−6 ∗ 2650 = 1.62
    𝑚3
    Van Rijn
    a = ks = 0.068, Ca = 2.8, Z’ =0.53
    𝑎 ′ 𝑎 0.068 0.53 𝑎
    ( )𝑍 −( )1.2 ( ) −( )1.2
    ℎ ℎ 3 ℎ
    𝐹= 𝑎 ′ = 0.068 0.53 =0.2
    (1− )𝑍 ∗(1.2−𝑍 ′ ) (1−
    3
    ) ∗(1.2−0.53)
    ℎ

    qsc = FūhCa = 1.6kg/m3

    E-Bagnold
    qbc = ebτbū/((ρs-ρ)(gtanυ)) = 7.414*10-5m2/s

    qb = qbc *ρs =0.2kg/m3

    qs/qt=1.62/(0.2+1.62)=0.90

    Van Rijn

    𝑞𝑏′𝑐 = 0.1( 𝑠 − 1 𝑔)0.5 𝑑50


    1.5 0.3 1.5
    𝐷∗ 𝑇 = 4.09 ∗ 10−5 𝑚2 /𝑠
    qb=qbc*ρs =0.11

    qt=qs+qb=1.71

    qs/qt=0.934
    F.Van Rijn, qt=1.71, Bagnold, qt=1.82,

    Engelund Hansen

    ū5
    𝑞𝑡 = 0.05 = 8.273 ∗ 10−4
    (𝑠 − 1)2 𝑔0.5 𝑑50 𝑐 3

    qc = 𝑞𝑡 ∗ 𝜌𝑠 =2.2kg/m3
    Ackers-white
    𝑠−1 𝑔 1 2.65−1 9.81 1 =3.04
    𝐷∗ = 𝑑35 ( )3 =120 ∗ 10−6 ( )3.
    𝜈2 10 −12

    K=103.46 + 2.79 log 𝐷∗ − 0.98 log 𝐷∗ = 2.59 ∗ 10 −3 1<D*<60


    6.83
    m= + 1.67 = 3.92
    𝐷∗

    n=1-0.56log(𝐷∗)=0.73
    0.23
    Ycr= 𝐷0.5 + 0.14 = 0.27
    ∗

    𝑢 𝑛∗ ū 0.077 0.73 1.2


    𝑌= 0.5 [ 10ℎ ]1−𝑛 = ∗
    0.5 [ 10∗3 ]1−0.73 =1.3
    𝑠−1 𝑔𝑑 35 5.66 log 2.65−1 9.81∗120 ∗10 −6 5.66log ⁡(
    120∗10−6
    )
    𝑑 35

    ū 𝑌−𝑌𝑐𝑟 𝑚 1.2 1.3−0.27 3.92


    𝑞𝑡,𝑐 = 𝑘ū𝑑35 [𝑢 ]𝑛 ( ) = 2.59 ∗ 10−3 1.2120 ∗ 10−6 [0.077 ]0.73 ( ) =9.21*10-4m3/s
    ∗ 𝑌𝑐𝑟 0.27

    qt=qt,c*ρs=9.21*10-4m3/s*2650kg/m3=2.42kg/m2

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