Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ENGLISH
11
Student’s Book
English as the main foreign language for the 11th
grade of the general secondary schools
“KÞVSßR”
Publishing House
BAKU - 2018
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Introduction
1. Look at the pictures and speak about them answering the following
questions.
2. One of your friends is planning to visit Azerbaijan and asking you for some
information. Write a letter to him/her and say:
- When the best time to visit Azerbaijan is;
- What places you would recommend to visit;
- What some special customs are in Azerbaijan.
6
Introduction
Test
3. Choose the correct variant.
3. The English writer ______ described her school life in the novel
“Jane Eyre”.
A) Charles Dickens B) Charlotte Bronte
C) Mark Twain D) William Shakespeare
7
UNIT 1. HEALTH
Lesson 1. Mind Power
What you’ll learn:
Vocabulary: Keeping Brain Healthy
Grammar: Have/Get something Done
Speaking: Discussing the brain and brain activities
Writing: A short paragraph and a list of ideas about brain activities
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Arrange of measures to boost tourism.
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Don’t be so bossy!
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An issue of great complexity.
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WORD FILE
8
Listening / Speaking
1. PW. Answer the questions and share your ideas with your classmates.
2. CW. Look at the photos and say out the ways of keeping the brain healthy.
The ways of
keeping the brain
healthy
9
Listening / Speaking
3. PW. Listen and give your opinions on: “ How to keep the brain healthy?”
Match the titles to the paragraphs.
a) Eat well! c) Exercise your brain!
b) Exercise! d) Avoid stress! e) Get your hearing checked!
____
2 Regular exercise increases blood circulation* to your
brain, making it more efficient. If you haven’t exercised
regularly before, get your blood pressure checked to make
sure your heart is healthy.
____
3 Hearing loss can seriously interfere with memory, so if you think
you might have a problem, have your hearing tested right now.
____
4 Just like your body your brain needs keeping fit. Do crosswords,
read books. Test and develop your memory with special exercises.
____
5 We all know that when we have too much to do we start to
forget things. Take breaks and make time to relax!
4. GW. Listen to the Brain facts and discuss them with your classmates.
a workman came and repaired it. Jane had the roof repaired
yesterday.
This means: Jane arranged for somebody else to repair the roof.
She didn’t repair it herself.
Compare:
Jane repaired the roof. = (she repaired it herself)
Jane had the roof repaired = (she arranged for somebody else to
repair it)
Get is normally used in conversation and informal writing.
Have your hearing tested right now.
Get your hearing checked.
Sometimes “have something done” is used to say that something
happens to somebody or his/her belongings. Usually what happens
is unpleasant.
Sample:
Tom had his nose broken in a fight.
Sample:
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*HWREMHFW3DVW3DUWLFLSOH
6. GW. Say the sentences in the way shown in the model. Use Have/Get
something done.
Model: Tom didn’t paint the walls of the room himself.
He had them painted.
1. My grandpa always checks his blood pressure himself. He ______ .
2. Kate isn’t making the curtains herself. She ______ .
3. Julia’s brother usually cuts his hair himself. He ______ .
4. The children haven’t cleaned their room themselves. They ______ .
5. Jane mustn’t paint the fence herself. She ______ .
6. Mother won’t clean the house. She ______ .
7. Pavlo didn’t make his suit himself. He ______ .
8. My granny can’t bake the cake alone. She ______ .
*matter - substance
12
Reading
3. PW. Complete the sentences according to the information in task 1.
1. All human beings are the owners of _______ .
2. One thing that makes the brain so special is _______.
3. The Brain controls _______.
4. The structure of the brain consists of _______ .
5. The Left Brain controls logic, _______.
6. The Right Brain controls emotions, music sense and _______ .
4. GW. Complete the table according to the information.
5. PW. Say which side of the brain is dominant in the activities below:
Operating computer Moving a right thumb
Making up stories Recognizing faces
Bending left leg Working out mathematical problems
Drawing pictures Doing crosswords
BB Brain
Boost
Boost your brain power with
Professor BrainBoost’s unique methods
“All in just ten minutes a day”
Increase your concentration! Develop your brain power or logic!
Improve your study skills and remember facts effortlessly.
Remember a name, a face or an appointment!
Open up your imagination!
You can boost your brain power with Professor BrainBoost’s unique
methods, developed over twenty-five years. All in just ten minutes a day!
BrainBoost’s unique methods will stimulate your brain!
13
Writing
1. PW/GW. Replace the words and phrases in the sentences below with
“Mind” phrase from the diagram and compare your peer’s version
with yours. For example: 1-h
a) A trip to the cinema will help you to stop thinking about the exam
tomorrow.
b) No, I won’t tell you his name! It doesn’t concern you!
c) Try to be unprejudiced about Trudi’s new friend – don’t decide
against him before you’ve not even met him.
d) Although it was an easy question, suddenly I couldn’t remember
anything, and I was unable to answer.
e) Many people are afraid to express their opinion.
f) There is something worrying you. Can I do anything to help you?
g) I don’t know what they are so angry about. In my opinion it’s a
very good scheme.
h) “I am sorry, I dropped a glass on the floor.” “Don’t worry about it.
I’ll get a pan and brush.”
i) I’ve changed my opinion about that. I’ll take it after all.
j) Remembering his age, I thought he did very well to come third.
k) Would it be possible to move your car? It’s blocking the entrance.
l) Ann is over eighty years old. So it’s not surprising that she’s a bit
forgetful.
m) Be careful with your head. The ceiling is very low here.
2. GW. Take the test on the following internet page and find out whether
you are left-brained or right-brained. (www.personalitytest.net)
Write a short paragraph about the results of your brain test.
14
Writing
3. PW. Select the right words to form appropriate definitions. You can use
your mini-dictionary and add articles.
1. aggressive 2. articulate 3. bossy 4. co-operative
5. emotional 6. intuitive 7. practical 8. self-confident
9. stubborn 10. sympathetic
4. IW / PW. Write a short dialogue about how to improve memory. Use the new
words and the structure Have/Get something done.
1. Reading
I can read and understand:
the information about brain
and choose the best title
and share my own ideas on BB
and answer the questions on the brain
and complete the table according to
the information with my own ideas
and give a short review of it
and express my opinion
2.Writing
I can write:
a short paragraph about the results of
a brain test
a list of ideas to be covered in a
dialogue about how to improve memory
15
Assessment
1. Listen to the song and choose a more suitable verb. All the verbs in the
song are grammatically correct. Then listen to the song again and compare it
with the correct version.
2. PW. Write out “Mind“ expressions and related words looking through the
song above.
3. PW. Find phrases with the word “Mind” from the diagram on page 14 that
mean:
1) to decide ____
2) it doesn’t concern you ____
3) don’t worry about it ____
4) willing to consider new ideas ____
5) forgetful or inattentive ____
16
Assessment
4. Write a fact file on the brain using the information on page 12.
Complete the table.
Physical appearance
____
____
Structure
a) number of cells ____
b) number of sides ____
Functions
a) ____
b) ____
c) ____
d) ____
Left brain controls ____
Right brain controls ____
5. Complete the conversation using the correct form of verbs from the box.
John and Peter are at the school canteen talking about their holiday.
J: - We had an amazing holiday, didn’t we?
P: - Yes, ... (1) here in the canteen reminds me of that comfortable
restaurant near the sea.
J: - The sea coast where we went ... (2).
P: - You mean where we tried windsurfing and you never managed
... (3) on the board.
J: - Yeah! It’s true, but it was fun, anyway we enjoyed ... (4)
on the beach.
P: - Yeah, we were lucky that we were out of the water when that
shark appeared. Imagine ... (5) a shark’s lunch!
J: - Do you still believe that it was a shark, but I’ll never forget
... (6) everybody race out of the water. By the way, you haven’t
sent me the photos in your phone.
P: - Really? I forgot to charge my phone. I promise ... (7) it tonight
J: - You’re hopeless at ... (8) your promises.
P: - OK you just remind me ... (9) them to you. Let’s go, or we’ll be
late for the lesson.
17
Lesson 2. Memory
What you’ll learn:
Vocabulary: Improving our memory
Grammar: Infinitive/Gerund
Speaking: Remembering and forgetting
Writing: Punctuation and spelling
Describing a situation
A factual scientific text
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WORD FILE
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Sensory endings.
18
Listening / Speaking
1. CW. Answer the questions generalising your ideas.
Which of the things below do you think improves your memory?
Which of them doesn’t help to improve your memory?
2. CW. Look at the graphics about the power of positive and negative
self-talk. Make a speech looking through the Remember box.
6WUHVV
Stress is one of the Brain’s worst enemies.
It destroys Brain Cells and damages a region of the brain involved
REMEMBER
3. CW. Listen and answer the questions looking through the Remember box.
- someone’s birthday
Forget - to phone someone
- about someone
- of something
- a game
Lose - your memory
- your things:money/time
20
Listening / Speaking
5. GW. Discuss the following questions in small groups and explain your
answers.
What do you notice about people when you first meet: their voices,
their faces and hair, their clothes or anything else?
How accurate are your first impressions of people?
Have you ever been completely wrong about anyone?
Do you have a good or bad memory? Why do you think so?
What do you think about: “Those who forget the past will repeat it”?
What are your best memories from previous school years? Try to give
examples and tell your group about them.
21
Reading
1. PW. Read the text about ways of recollection and memory training.
a) Match the paragraphs with the titles. b) Define the style of the text.
3. _____________
Another way to make something more memorable is to think about
something visual associated with it. Form a mental picture and the
stranger the picture the better you will remember it! If an English person
studying Spanish wants to remember the Spanish words for “duck”, “to
pat” he imagines a picture of someone patting a duck on the head.
4. _____________
To remember long lists, try inventing a story which includes all the
items you want to remember. In experiments, people were asked to
remember up to 120 words using this technique and when they were tested
afterwards, on average they could remember ninety percent of them!
5. _____________
If we organize what we know in a logical way, then when we learn
more about that subject we understand that better, and so add to our
knowledge more easily. Make well organized notes. Be sure things are
clear in your mind. If not, ask questions until you understand.
6. _____________
Many experts believe that listening to classical music, especially
Mozart, helps people to organize their ideas more clearly and so
improves their memory. Sadly rock music doesn’t have the same effect.
22
Reading
7. _____________
If you do not want to lose your memory as you get older you need
to keep your brain fit, just like your body: “use it or lose it” is the
experts’ advice. Logic puzzles, crosswords and mental arithmetic are all
good “mental aerobics”.
8. _____________
Physical exercise is also important for your memory, because it
increases your heart rate and sends more oxygen to your brain, and
that makes your memory work better. Exercise also reduces stress,
which is very bad for your memory.
9._____________
The old saying that “Eating fish makes you brainy” may be true
after all. Scientists have discovered that the fats found in fish like
tuna, sardines and salmon, as well as in olive oil - help to improve the
memory. Vitamins C and E (found in fruits) like oranges, strawberries
and red grapes and Vitamin B found in lean meat and green vegetables
are all good “brain food”, too.
10. _____________
Caffeine may not be too good for you, but like exercise, it increases
your heart rate and sends more oxygen to your brain, too. A cup of
coffee really does help you concentrate when you sit down to study.
And if you don’t like coffee, don’t worry-experts believe that chewing
gum has the same effect!
2. IW. Which of the tips in the text would be useful in your future life and
career. Say how you try to remember things.
3. GW. Make collocations and use them inventing a story.
1. to keep something a. one’s mind
2. to chunk b. heart rate
3. to change c. in mind
4. to increase d. stress
5. to reduce e. memory
6. to improve f. numbers
23
Writing
24
Writing
4. CW. Think and invent other things that can boost up brain power.
Look through the pictures and answer the questions.
Can these things improve memory?
What other kinds of food can make our memory strong?
Punctuation/Capitalization
We use capital letters for:
people’s initials and names, their marital status and job titles;
names or initials of companies;
names of places;
languages, nationalities and religions;
days, months and public holidays (Novruz, Christmas, New Year);
the titles of books, magazines, films, etc.
5. IW. Revise and complete the paragraph about memory. Look through
the model and add your ideas. Pay attention to the punctuation.
memory is the faculty of the mind by which information is encoded
stored and retrieved memory is vital to experiences and related to lim-
bic systems, it is the retention of information over time for the pur-
pose of influencing future action if we could not remember past events
we would not be able to learn or develop language relations or personal
identity the process of encoding a memory begins when we are born and
occurs continuously important memories typically move from short-term
memory to long-term memory the transfer of information to long-term
memory for more permanent storage can be happen in several steps.
25
Lesson 3. Ways of Treatment
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WORD FILE
26
Listening-Speaking
1. CW. Listen and fill in the gaps with the words from the box. Evaluate the
content of the statements/thoughts.
You should:
Drink some cups of ... every day! Water helps your body in many ways.
Get enough ... ! Your bones need calcium. Dairy food, like ... ,
milk and cheese have calcium.
Get enough nuts and ... ! They’re good for your brain.
Listen to relaxing ... ! It can give you energy!
Start the day with ... ! Then have breakfast -a big glass of ... !
The ... diet cleans out toxins in the body.
Lie on the sand and try the ... !
An apple-a-day keeps the ... away!
Do something to challenge your brain. For example do crossword ...
or read a new book.
Kinds of Treatment
27
Listening/Speaking
2. GW. Listen and share your ideas on different ways of treatment.
Pay attention to the use of the verb forms in the Passive Voice.
Surgical techniques have greatly improved
over the last century.
Conventional medicine can be traced back
to the fifth century B.C. in ancient Greece.
It is based on the scientific study of the
human body and illness. There has been great
progress in what doctors have been able to do
with modern surgery and new medications. These scientific advances
have made conventional (traditional) medicine the method that many
people choose first when they need medical treatment.
Acupuncture
Acupuncture originated in China over 5,000 years ago. Today it is
used worldwide for a variety of problems. An acupuncturist inserts
needles at certain points on the body to relieve
pain or restore health.
Spiritual Healing
Many believe medication or prayer may help in healing diseases.
Various forms of spiritual healing exist around the world. Known
as faith healing, or “Mind and body connection”, this is a form of
healing that uses the mind or religious faith to treat illnesses. A number
of conventional doctors say that when they are not able to help a patient,
spiritual healing just may work.
Sand Cure has been used by people for many years. And recently this
treatment has been gaining popularity among tourists. People make a
big hole and get in it and stay there for a while on sunny days, but they
must protect their head from the sun. Sand cure is very good for your
bones, muscles and blood circulation.
Yoga is one of the most ancient forms of exercise, originating in India
5,000 years ago. Recently much more attention has been paid to yoga.
Yoga can be practised by anyone at any age, in any physical condition,
depending on their physical need. You can practise yoga every day. It
is helpful for health.
3. GW. Complete the table according to the task above and with your own ideas.
Ways of treatments Importance
Acupuncture
Yoga improves memory and concentration
Music
Laughing encourages you, gives high spirit
Sand Cure is good for bones,muscles and blood circulation
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28
Listening/Speaking
Grammar Booster
The Perfect and Continuous tenses in the Passive Voice
VERB TENSES ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
Present He is delivering the The letters are
Continuous letters. being delivered.
Past He was delivering The letters were
Continuous the letters. being delivered.
He’ll have delivered The letters will
Future Perfect
the letters by 5 tomorrow. have been delivered.
The letters have
Present Perfect He has delivered the letters.
been delivered.
He had delivered the The letters had
Past Perfect
letters. been delivered.
4. GW. Change the sentences into the Passive Voice paying attention to the
Grammar Booster.
Model: -People are destroying huge areas of rainforests nowadays.
-Huge areas of rainforests are being destroyed by people nowadays.
Powerful Placebos
Many doctors know the story of “Mr
Wright”. In 1957 he was diagnosed with
cancer, and given only days to live. (a) __.
He heard that scientists had discovered
a new medication, Krebiozen, that was
effective against cancer, and begged the
doctor to give it to him. His physician, Dr Philip West, finally
agreed. (b) __. The astonished doctor found his patient out of his
“death bed”, joking with the nurses the following Monday. (c) __.
Two months later, Mr Wright read medical reports that the
medication was fake. His condition immediately got worse again.
“Don’t believe what you read in the papers”, the doctor told
Mr Wright. Then he injected* him with what he said was “a new
super-refined double strength” version of the drug. Actually, there
was no drug, just a mix of salt and water, but again the tumours*
melted. Mr Wright was in good health for another two months until
he read an official report saying that Krebiozen was worthless. He died
two days later. (d) __. Scientists have discovered that the placebo
effect is more powerful than they had ever thought and themselves
are surprised as they discover how such miraculous results are
achieved. Through new techniques of brain imagery, it can be shown
that a thought, belief or desire can cause chemical processes in
the brain which can have powerful effects on the body. (e) __. But
by what the brain expects to happen next. Placebos are “lies that
heal”, said Dr Anne Harrington, a historian of science at Harvard
University. (f) “__ And it is typically a treatment that a doctor
gives to anxious patients to please them,” she said. “It looks like
medication, but has no healing ingredients at all.” (g) __. But these
treatments have not diminished the power of the placebos.
a backache
a high fever
a toothache
31
Writing
1. PW. Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verb in
brackets.
1. I’ve not been feeling well for some time, so I ... (to give) some mild
medication.
2. Placebo effects ... (to cause) by the power of the human mind, and not
by medication.
3. Every year new types of plant ... (to find) in the rainforests.
4. Different plant medicines ... often (to use).
5. Some plants growing in the jungles of South America can ... (to use)
in the fight against cancer.
6. The bark of some trees ... (to use) to prevent millions of people around
the world from malaria.
2. GW. Write about the funniest jokes you know and their importance for
health looking through the information. Say which place in Azerbaijan is
famous for its jokes and retell a few of them.
A recent experiment in the UK attempted
to discover the world’s funniest jokes. Dr
Richard Wiseman from the University of
Hertfordshire invited people from all over
the world to send in their funniest jokes
and rate the jokes sent in by other people.
The experiment showed many things about
what different nationalities find funny.
Many European countries, such as France and Denmark, preferred jokes
about things we normally worry about for example, death, illness and
marriage. Americans and Canadians liked jokes where someone was
better at something than someone else. Germans, in particular, seem to
be keen on jokes. Nowadays music, humour and laughing are important
and the best medicine for people.
3. GW. Choose and create a paragraph on:
1. “Which treatment/treatments can help you?”
2. ”How to treat illnesses with the help of Yoga, water, humour, sand, oil or
spiritual healing?”
3. “Do you think jokes indeed have importance for health? Why?”
Model:
It is widely believed that drinking pure water is useful for health. The
more water you drink, the better your skin will look. Also drinking
water throughout the day will curb your appetite-making it easier to
eat less and lose weight. And I’ve heard that not only water, but also
fish, beans and nuts are very good and helpful for our body. This food
may also help prevent hair loss.
32
Assessment
1. Interpret the content of the text and answer the questions before reading.
How often do you have a headache?
What causes you to have a headache?
How do you treat your headaches?
Let’s treat Headaches!
1. There are several kinds of headaches. Each
one begins in a different place and needs a different
treatment. One kind of headache starts in the ar-
teries in the head. The arteries swell and send pain
signals to the brain. Sometimes these headaches start with a change in
vision. The person sees wavy lines, black dots, or bright spots in front of
the eyes. This is a warning that a headache is coming. You think another
man is inside your head, pounding on your brain with a hammer. Beside
him, a rock musician is playing a drum. Your head feels as if it is going
to explode. You have a headache, and you think it will never go away.
2. The headache occurs only on one side of the head. Vision is
blurred, and the person may vomit from the pain. These headaches,
which are called migraine headaches, are more frequent in women
than in men. Sleep is the best cure for them. Headaches, which also
start in the arteries, are called cluster headaches. There are no more
for several months or even years. A cluster headache lasts up to two
hours and then goes away. At the beginning of the headache, the eyes
are red and watery. There is a steady pain in the head. When the pain
finally goes away, the head is sore. Men have more cluster headaches
than women do.
3. The muscle headache, which starts in the muscles in the neck or
forehead, is caused by tension. A person who works too hard, is nervous
about something, or has problems at work, school, or home. The neck
and the head muscles become tense and a headache starts. A muscle
headache usually starts in the morning and gets worse as the hours pass.
There is a steady pain and also pressure.
4. How do doctors treat headaches? If a person has frequent
headaches, the doctor has to decide what kind of aches they are.
Medicine can help, but there are other ways to treat them. The doctor
asks the patient to analyze his or her daily living patterns. A change
in diet or an increase in exercise might stop the headaches. If the
patient realizes that difficulties at home, work, or school are
causing the tension, it might be possible to change a lifestyle and de-
crease these problems.
2. Write the main idea of each paragraph.
3. Provide tips for headache relief. Here are some examples:
Have more pure water! Listen to some light music!
Have more tea with lemon, cornelian or cherry!
33
Lesson 4. Natural Helpers
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An effective remedy.
34
Listening / Speaking
1. PW. Listen and make two lists answering the question and discuss which
list to add these things to. Share your ideas looking through the model.
Do you know what is good for you (physically and psychologically)?
2. CW. Listen and discuss the views and opinions on natural helpers
expressed below.
Model:
To my mind natural medicine is
important. Natural medicine has been
used for thousands of years.. People
have various ideas about how to
prevent and treat diseases. I think that if you eat lots of onions and
garlic, you won’t get sick as they are rich in vitamins. Kate
IUDJUDQFH±DSOHDVDQWVZHHWVPHOO
35
Listening/Speaking
3. GW. Express your points of view about medicinal plants and natural
helpers by answering the following questions.
Have people ever used medicines made from plants or flowers?
Have you ever used medicines made from plants?For what purpose?
Do you think herbs are good for health?
4. GW. Choose and match the words to the pictures. There are two extra
pictures.
a) garlic b) foxglove c) cinchona tree
d) aloe vera e) lavender f) willow tree
Raisin: Walnut:
is good for your mouth and teeth
improves metabolism
is good for your weight management
controls diabetes
helps against anemia
slows down the spread
prevents cancer
of cancer, etc.
helps treat infections
is good for eyes
36
Reading
1. GW. Give your comments on the text sharing and relating your ideas
about health problems to the real life.
Natural medicine
Natural medicine has been used for thousands of
years. Do you know, for example, that aspirin was
originally made from the bark of the willow tree? In
the 5th century BC the Greek doctor, Hippocrates,
gave it to his patients to stop their aches and pains.
Another natural remedy is quinine, which used to
be an important drug in the battle against malaria.
It comes from the bark of the cinchona tree, which grows
in the Andes in South America. Quinine has been used for
centuries to cure fever by Peruvian Indians and other people. In
1775 a British doctor, William Withering, was unable to treat a patient
who had a serious heart problem. However the patient made a complete
recovery after taking something local woman had given him. The
woman told the doctor she’d made the remedy from purple foxgloves.
This natural medicine is still given to people with heart problems
because it makes your heart beat more slowly.
Many of the most effective natural remedies can be found in our
homes and gardens. Put some lavender oil on your pillow at night to help
you sleep. Or break open the leaves from an aloe vera plant and put the
sap on your burns or cuts. This will help them to heal and might also
stop you getting a scar*. The Egyptian queen, Cleopatra, used aloe vera,
this remarkable plant to keep her skin soft and young-looking. Finally,
we mustn’t forget the healing power of garlic. It thins and cleans the
blood, and it has been used for stomach problems and coughs for many
years, and it’s a natural antiseptic. So next time you have a cold, try a
mixture of garlic, lemon and honey. It’s magic!
2. IW. Change one word in each sentence to make it correct.
1. Aspirin was originally made from the bark of the willow tree.
2. Quinine came from a tree in India.
3. Dr Withering heard about foxglove from a patient.
4. Cleopatra used to put aloe vera on her food.
5. If you have a back problem, try taking garlic.
3. PW/GW. Think and match 1-8 with the health problems: a - h.
*insomnia-sleep problems
*scar - trace, tear
37
Reading
4. GW. Interpret the content of the text. Give your comments on the following
thoughts in the text , and add your own ideas. (See task 1 page 37)
1. Natural medicine has helped people for thousands of years.
2. Aspirin is being used to stop aches and pains.
3. The bark of the cinchona tree, quinine has been used for centuries to
cure fevers.
4. The remedy from purple foxgloves is given to people with heart
problems.
5. Garlic has been used for stomach problems and coughs for many
years, and it’s also a natural antiseptic.
6. It is widely believed that herbs can heal everything.
5. PW. Make up a dialogue reading and using the expressions in the box below.
A: Are you OK? You look ill. What’s wrong?
B: Oh, I’ve got a stomach problem.
6. GW. Project. Find some information on the Internet, ask your biology
teacher or parents, grandparents if they use herbs for different illnesses
and create a presentation about it.
38
Writing
1. PW/GW. Choose the correct meanings a or b and fill in gaps with them.
(See task 1 page 37)
5. PW. Write the answers to the questions and compare them with your
partner’s.
A: What do you do when you get sick or you are in pain?
B: ___________.
A: Do you treat the problem yourself or see a doctor right away?
B: ___________.
A: What medical herbs would you use for health problems?
B: ___________.
A: Is there anything else you could do to make your lifestyle healthier?
B: ___________.
40
Writing
6. IW/GW. Project. Make a presentation giving advice on:
” I can’t sleep. What natural helpers can solve my problem?
How can you help me?”
Last night I was fast asleep by 11 p.m., but
I woke up again at 1 a.m. Even though I was
exhausted when I went to bed, I was suddenly
wide awake and it was impossible to get back
to sleep again. So, I just lay there watching the
clock change from three to four, to five without
sleeping- it was very frustrating. That was a typical night for me. I’ve
had insomnia for so long, I’m amazed that anyone else actually sleeps
through the night. And when this goes on for too many nights, I feel
really shattered. I’ve tried nearly everything to cure my insomnia-herbal
teas, yoga, meditation-you name it, I’ve tried it, but with no effect yet.
How can you help me? What can you advise me?
8. IW. Project. Search on the Internet and make your own “Health Rules”.
Use the following questions to help you think and write in the
appropriate style.
Which treatments do you think are the most effective? Why?
What herbs do your parents give you when you get ill? Why?
Which is better: herbs or medicines prescribed by the doctor?
Why do you think so?
41
Assessment 1
1. Read the text and give your comments on a type of medical treatment.
2. Find the close meanings of the words and use them in your own
sentences.
symptom - ailment - depression -
patient - relief - disease -
medication - ache - lifestyle -
treatment - heart - lavender -
3. Complete the chart using the Internet information and adding your own
ideas.
42
Assessment 2
1. A reflexologist is a ___
a) person who provides reflexology treatment
b) patient
c) doctor
d) person who receives reflexology treatment
43
Progress Portfolio
Multiple Choice
1. Choose the correct variant.
1. When someone sees black dots or wavy lines, this is a change in___.
a) blurring
b) clusters
c) vision
44
Progress Portfolio
2. Fill in the gaps with the given words in the box.
45
UNIT 2. GENERATION
Lesson 1. PERSONALITY
What you’ll learn:
Vocabulary: Personality
Grammar: Other, another, others
Speaking: Comparing personalities/Discussing the nature-nurture
controversy
Writing: A paragraph about personality
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WORD FILE
46
Listening / Speaking
1. CW. Look at the pictures and talk about the personality traits.
a b c d
e f g
1. I am creative.
2. I am popular. I’ve got a lot of friends.
3. I am a rebel.
4. I am self-critical.
5. I always break rules. I am naughty.
6. I love to clown around and make people laugh.
7. I am a pessimist.
2. CW. Listen and fill in the gaps with the words from the box matching
1-8 with a-h.
What is personality?
Many people define personality as a person’s usual manner or style of
behavior. These patterns of behavior tend to be predictable throughout
a person’s lifetime. Some people are introverts, others are extraverts.
(a)_____. Their emotions are usually under control: they don’t get
extremely angry about little things. Others, at the other end of the
personality spectrum*, are more emotional, experiencing higher highs
and lower lows. Most people’s personalities, however, don’t fall at the
extreme ends but rather fall somewhere in-between.
Where do we get our personality?
For hundreds of years, psychologists have been debating this fascinating
question. (b)_____. The people who believe in this theory say that
babies are not born with a personality and it’s the environment
that forms, each child’s nature. This is called the nurture
school. (c)_______. These people consider that personality is not determined
by the environment, but rather by genetics and that each baby is born
with a personality.
The nature-nurture controversy?
“The nature-nurture controversy” is a very old issue. (d) _____.
However, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to conduct research
on real people with real lives. There’s just no way to put people in
a laboratory and watch them develop. For this reason, there’s no
scientific way to settle the nature-nurture controversy. Recently,
however, most researchers have come to believe that both the
environment and the genes - nurture and nature - work together and are
both important. (e)___________. It seems that everyone has an opinion.
Relationship
development
nature-
nurture
1. At the other end of the continuum* we find people who believe that
personality is determined by “nature”, or the characteristics we receive,
or “inherit”, from our parents biologically, through their genes.
2. Some people have easygoing personalities: they are usually cheerful,
calm and able to cope with life’s difficulties without much trouble.
3. Experimental psychologists have tried to discover which of these
two factors, genetics or the environment is more important in forming
our personality.
4. I love to clown around and make people laugh.
5. Even though the experts have largely discarded the idea that
personality development is so black and white, the nature-nurture
controversy remains a popular discussion among friends.
6. Some people think personality develops as a result of the
environment - the combination of influences that we learn from, such as
our families, our culture, our friends and our education.
2. CW. Explain the meaning of the words and build up sentences using them.
Grammar Booster
Pronouns
one-ones are used if we do not Would you like the green
want to repeat a countable noun sweater or the blue one?
other means “more” or There are many other places I’d
“different” like to see.
the other = the rest There are two books on the table
One of them is mine, the other
is yours.
others = more, apart from those Some people like coffee while
already mentioned others prefer tea.
another = one more or different If neither of the rooms is com-
fortable, ask for another one.
4. IW. Complete the survey to find out if you are an introvert or an extrovert.
Instructions: From each pair of personality traits, check one that
sounds like your personality. At the end, add up your selections for each
column. Then decide for yourself:
Are you an introvert, extrovert or ambivert
?
1. Some English people have got their own houses, ... live in flats.
2. There are two books on the table. One is English and .... is German.
3. The girl didn’t like the blouse that the shop assistant offered and she
asked her to show ... one.
4. Give me ... cup of tea, please!
5. What ... remedies do you take for your backache?
6. Some streets in our city are crowded, but ... are very quiet.
7. The students in my class began learning ... foreign language.
8. What ... languages does your father know?
9. Sensitivity to ... people’s feelings makes him a kind person.
51
Writing
5. PW. Take turns asking and answering the questions about your own likes,
dislikes and personality.
Yusif: What are your likes?
Nigar: _______________
Yusif: What are your dislikes?
Nigar: _______________
Yusif: Which extrovert personality traits do you have?
Nigar: _______________
Yusif: Which introvert personality traits do you have?
Nigar: _______________
Yusif: Which personality traits would you like to take after your
parents/relatives? Why?
Nigar: _______________
6. IW. Read the quotation by Winston Churchill (British Prime Minister, 1940-
1945; 1951-1955) and write a paragraph saying if you agree with him or not .
“A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity.
An optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.”
7. PW. Write your own questions and make personal comparisons and
compare them with your partner’s.
Model:
ƒIs your personality similar to or different from your parents’? How?
ƒCan difcult experiences make a person stronger?
52
Assessment
1. Match the halves and use the words in your own sentences.
1. object
a) about (2)
2. get excited
b) in
3. believe
c) with
4. worry
d) to (2)
5. be afraid
e) of
6. talk
7. cope
5. Think and match the words and phrases given in two columns.
1. genes a) a person’s usual pattern of behaviour
2. environment
3. emotions b) what we feel, such as anger, love and happiness
4. the “nature school” c) the source of traits we inherit from our parents
(of thought) d) the world around us
5. personality e) the belief that learning determines personality
6. the nurture school
(of thought) f) the belief that genetics determines personality
53
Lesson 2. What Affects Teenagers’ Personality?
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54
Listening / Speaking
1. CW. Listen to the parents’ and children’s ideas and answer the questions
looking through the photos.
2. PW. Listen and practise. Generalize and express your points of view on it.
55
Listening / Speaking
3. GW. Listen and share your ideas and evaluate the content of the text.
“Parents have an important influence on their children’s success.”
56
Listening / Speaking
Grammar Booster
Embedded questions are usually used in Indirect Speech.
6. PW. Write the sentences in the Indirect Speech looking through the
Grammar Booster. And correct your partner’s mistakes.
Model: “What are you doing in Spain, Jane?” said Joe.
Joe wondered what Jane was doing in Spain.
1. “Have you ever been to the aquarium?” said the guide.
2. “Why are parents the best role models for their children?”
asked Lala.
3. “Can I help you?” said the young girl.
4. “What time is it?” said Kamran.
5. “Who has gone to the party?” asked Clara.
6. “Do classmates also influence the children?” said the teacher.
57
Reading
1. GW. a) Read the text and explain the meanings of the words given in bold.
b) Pay attention to the use of the words such as: too, also, either,
quite and rather.
A Child’s Position in the Family
It’s true that our position in the family
is the strongest factor that influences
our personality. Psychologists say that
the eldest children get maximum
attention from their parents, and as a
result they become quite self-confident
people. They grow as good leaders. The
eldest children are often ambitious.
They’re more likely to enter universities
than their brothers or sisters. They often
get the top jobs, too. They are also
responsible people, because they often have to look after their
younger brothers or sisters. The downside of being older is that
they worry a lot about things. They can also be quite bossy and even
aggressive, especially when they don’t get what they want. The
middle children are usually independent and competitive. It’s
because they have to fight with their brothers and sisters for their
parents’ attention. They’re sociable, they like being with people,
probably because they always have other children to play with. But the
middle children are often jealous of their brothers and sisters and they
can be moody.
If a child is the youngest in the family, he or she will probably be
very charming, affectionate and quite relaxed. On the other hand, the
youngest children are often rather lazy. This is because they always
have their elder brothers and sisters to help them. And they can be quite
manipulative - they use their charm to get what they want.
The only children in the family don’t have to share with anyone,
so they’re often spoilt by their parents and grandparents. As a result,
sometimes they can be quite selfish. They think of themselves more than
other people. But they are usually well-organized and responsible, and
they can be very imaginative, too.
58
Reading
3. PW. Take turns asking and answering the questions. Give reasons for
your answers.
What do you think about your personality?
Do your personality traits come from your parents’ genes ?
How does parents’ behavior affect a child’s development?
Can you give quotes or proverbs on this topic? Sample:
“Parents, keep your children closer when they are young, because
they will keep you closer when you’re old.”
4. IW/PW. Find the definitions of the words. Use them in sentences and make
up a dialogue.
5. IW. Choose the suitable variants and correct your partner’s writing.
2. IW. Write a paragraph using the words and expressions from the box on
“A child’s position in the family”.
3. PW. Change the Direct questions into Indirect questions and write.
Model: Do teenagers have many problems today?
I wonder if teenagers have many problems today.
60
Writing
4. IW. Read the paragraph about fostering children and express your attitude
in written form.
5. PW. Rearrange the sentences paying attention to the model and write.
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The early risers were up and about, doing their chores.
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She had a cute little nose.
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He looked around desperately.
The weather was exceptionally mild for the time of the year.
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Young people get frustrated with the system.
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He took notes in shorthand.
62
Listening / Speaking
1. CW. Listen and discuss the following views.
63
Listening / Speaking
2. IW. Listen and analyze the words given below and say the difference
between formal and informal English.
3. PW. Act the dialogue out and express your attitude to the Weblish
language.
1) dominant a) experience
2) youth b) problems
3 different c) activities
4) cultural d) differences
5) interesting e) language
6) social f) style
7) long-life g) courses
8) future h) plans
65
Reading
1. GW. Read the teens’ opinions and share your own ideas on these
statements.
Which of these teenagers thinks that being a teenager___
is a great fun?
brings a lot of luck?
brings a lot of serious problems?
allows you to do exciting and wonderful things?
is a kind of duty and makes you feel responsible for what you do?
66
Reading
As official reports admit AIDS, violence,
drugs and alcohol are more serious social
problems. What has gone wrong? Some
specialists explain that the changes of our
society, the system of our life force young
people to choose their own lifestyle. On
the one hand, our society agrees that
15-17-year - old people grow up enough to
be responsible for what they do and give
them quite a lot of freedom and rights. On the other hand, most adults
think that teenagers are too young. This misunderstanding raises many
problems. Actually, a lot of teenagers say that their parents let them do
anything they want. No doubt, one way out of these problems is that
teens and adults should solve them together. And teenagers ought to feel
that they are cared for. Anny Brown, 17
67
Writing
1. GW. Explore and fill in the gaps with the words from the box. There are
some extra words.
Our teenage years are (1)_____ period of our lives. This is the (2)_____
childhood into adulthood. So many things are happening to us. Our bodies
change, (3)_____and our whole life changes. We have to learn to be
independent, mature and responsible (4)_____ years. We have to take
exams, get a job and perhaps start a family. That must (5)_______shock
for most teenagers. (6) _________independence is teenage behaviour.
This is probably the most difficult part of parents’ lives. (7) _________
all that sulking. It can (8)_____ family life. People always think they
really want babies and children; no one ever says “I want (9)______a
teenager”.
2. IW. Write a paragraph of your own about your lifestyle, today’s problems,
education and future plans.
3. IW/PW. Send a message to your friend. Try to use some Weblish and tell the
class about your friend’s/partner’s attitude to it.
Useful Language
68
Writing
5. IW. Reorder the words in the sentences.
Reading
I can read and understand:
• the teens’ opinions and share my own
ideas on them
• the questions on the teens’ problems
and luck
• True/False sentences
Writing
I can:
• write an essay about today’s problems,
education and future plans
• send a message using Weblish
• fill in the gaps with the words from the box
69
Lesson 4. How do the Elderly Live?
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Breakdowns could totally disrupt production.
EXUGHQ>EԥޝGԥQ@(n)DORDGW\SLFDOO\DKHDY\RQHTo carry a burden.
FRPSHOOLQJ>NԥPޖSܭOܼƾ@(adj)HYRNLQJLQWHUHVWDWWHQWLRQRUDGPLUDWLRQLQD
SRZHUIXOO\LUUHVLVWLEOHZD\His eyes were strangely compelling.
FRQVXPH>NԥQޖVMXޝP@(v)HDWGULQNRULQJHVWIRRGRUGULQNV
People consume a good deal of sugar in drinks.
GHVSLWH>GܼޖVSDܼW@(prep)ZLWKRXWEHLQJDIIHFWHGE\LQVSLWHRI
He remains a great leader despite his age.
WORD FILE
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Children are highly impressionable.
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He saw otherwise.
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Hard work keeps us sane.
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DWWDFNHGRUKDUPHGHLWKHUSK\VLFDOO\RUHPRWLRQDOO\
A vulnerable position.
70
Listening / Speaking
1. CW. Talk about your family’s life circles and use age words while answering
the questions.
• Do you like taking photos?
• Do you like keeping old photos?
71
Listening / Speaking
3. PW. Try to say ten important names, dates and places related to your parents’/
grandparents’ past and present. Then create a chart and include information
about your future career and life plans looking through “Remember” Box.
YOUR PAST
1. A valuable person
2. A crucial date
3. An important person you haven’t seen for several years
4. An interesting town or city you’ve visited
5. The name of the teacher you remember
6. A memorable destination you went with your family
YOUR PRESENT
1. The house or apartment that is important for you
2. An important birthday
3. Your favourite day of the week
4. Someone you have met for the first time recently
5. The number of people living in your family
YOUR FUTURE
Family Quotes/Sayings
The love of a Family is Life’s Greatest Blessing.
Families are like branches on a tree. We grow in different
directions yet our roots remain as one.
REMEMBER
72
Listening / Speaking
4. PW. Listen and act the dialogue out. Give the main idea. Pay attention to
tag questions.
Rufat: Hi, Fidan, How are you?
Fidan: Hi, Rufat, I’m doing well, thanks. I’ve
heard you visited the home for elderly people.
Rufat: Yes, we went there with a group of
students and our teachers last weekend. They
were so happy to meet us.
Fidan: That’s great! If I had known, I’d have
joined you for sure. I’ve been to some Children
Homes, but I’ve never visited the Home for Elderly People. Could you
tell me more about its function, please?
Rufat: Sure, why not! Homes for Elderly People are Residential Care
Homes trusted by millions. They are for the lonely and those who have
illnesses and need nurse care. Care Homes are everywhere all over the
world.
Fidan: You are right. We do have it in Bilgah, Baku. They provide
lodging, meal services and assistance with daily living activities, home
style living environment, and health management supported by our
government.
Rufat: That’s great. As in other countries we have all the necessary
living conditions, don’t we?
Fidan: Yes, we do. I agree with what you’re saying. We should value our
traditions and take care of the old, shouldn’t we? If we don’t do it, so
who will take care of us when we’re old!
5. GW. Make up a presentation looking through “Do You Know...?” box and
say how you take care of the elderly people.
DO YOU KNOW... ?
Elderly care or simply eldercare is the
fulfillment of the special needs and
requirements of the senior citizens.
Traditionally, the Azerbaijanis respect
and look after the elderly and the
retired, but sometimes they are lonely
and supposed to get help from
neighbours or close relatives. If they
have no relatives to help or take care of them, with the financial
support of our government, there are shelters for homeless elderly
people. Following Leyla Aliyeva’s example, we have to take care of
our elderly ±grandfathers and grandmothers. They should always be
surrounded by the warmth and love of their families. Let’s respect,
love and take a good care of our elderly!
73
Reading
1. PW. Read and give a title to the text. Think of the life of the elderly people
in Azerbaijan and share your ideas with your classmates.
3. PW. Speak about the life of the people in Azerbaijan and in different
countries and compare.
75
Reading
Grammar Booster
Sentences with conjunctions and prepositions.
We use while/whereas/although/though conjunctions to join
clauses.
Sample:
In Britain the NHS (National Health Service) provides
health care, while in the USA there is no public health service.
We use prepositions in spite of/ despite/because of before
nouns/pronouns/gerunds.
Despite the fact (that) the USA is one of the most developed
countries in the world, it does not provide health care for all.
Despite being a very rich person Mr Brown does not
help the poor.
Because of the crisis, health care reform should be carried out.
6. PW. Discuss these facts and opinions below paying attention to the
conjunctions and prepositions.
ƒIn Britain, medical insurance is organized by the government and it
is compulsory, while in some other countries it is not.
ƒThe country doesn’t spend a lot of money per person on health care,
whereas in some other western countries health care systems are
much more expensive.
ƒDespite the shortage of money, the system of medical care works
well.
ƒIn spite of being poor, you can get good medical care in Britain.
ƒThe exceptions to free medical care are teeth and eyes, even though
this care is available to large numbers of people who do not have to
pay.
ƒAlthough Britain has public health care, it has a private sector, too.
The biggest is BUPA. (British United Provident Association)
ƒBecause of the central organization of public health care, there is
little cooperation between public health care service and the private
sector.
7. GW. Project. Team Work (Ss work together with their teacher)
Think of the elderly people of your community. Make a survey
in order to find out their needs and wishes. Fill in the survey
interviewing the elderly people. After defining the problems try to
help them. Ask your school community and authorized organization
for help. If necessary, make up posters inviting volunteers. Having
finished the project, report about your activities.
76
Reading
8. GW. Look through the Fact File about health care service in
Great Britain below and add your ideas about social service in Azerbaijan.
FACT FILE
Family doctors work in practices,
a partnership of several GPs (GP-
General Practitioner), and offer gen-
eral health care. Patients can visit
surgery, the GP’s office, for two
or three hours in the morning and
evening. GPs also make home visits. GPs are paid fees by the
National Health Service (NHS) for each visit or for the number of
patients on their list.
Social services try to do their best to cheer the old people up, but
they don’t have much success in doing it.
At the homes the elderly patients are provided with lots of
entertainment.
The Good Samaritans Group (GSG) members go out into the
community to help people, including home patients for elderly people.
10. IW. Think and give the equivalents of these sayings in your native
language and share your opinions.
Love your parents! We are so busy growing up, we often forget they
are also growing old.
Live your life and forget your age!(Norman Vincent Peale)
Growing old is compulsory, growing up is
optional. (Bob Monkhouse)
Old age is just a record of one’s whole life.
(Muhammad Ali)
A family with an old person has a living
treasure of gold.
(Chinese proverb)
77
Writing
Grammar Booster
Tag/Tail questions and Disjunctive Questions
Question tags are short questions placed at the end of the statement.
Formation
If the statement is positive, the question tag is negative.
If the statement is negative, the question tag is positive.
Examples
She is coming to work, isn’t she?
You can drive a car, can’t you?
They can’t help us, can they?
I am ready, aren’t I? (is common in spoken English)
or I’m ready, am I not? (is formal English)
Open the window, will you? Let’s go to the concert, shall we?
Sentences with negative words take affirmative tags.
Note:
The tag pronoun for this/that = it
The tag pronoun for these/those = they
For everything = it
For everyone = they
They is usually used in a tag to refer to everyone, everybody,
someone, somebody, no one, nobody.
Nothing is wrong, is it?
Nobody called on the phone, did they?
1. PW. Complete the questions looking through the Grammar Booster.
1. My parents are great and very broad-minded, ___ ?
2. Mehriban never shows her feelings, ___ ?
3. Let’s go to the library, ___ ?
4. Don’t be late for the lessons, ___ ?
5. Jessica had to come to the party, ___ ?
6. The country spends a lot of money per person on health care, ___ ?
7. People in some countries nod their heads to mean “yes”, ___ ?
8. You can get good medical care in our country, ___ ?
9. She is ready, ___ ?
10. My brother couldn’t waste the money he had, ___?
2. PW. Correct the wrong tag questions and compare with your partner’s.
1. Social services do their best to cheer the elderly up, doesn’t it?
2. The country always spends a lot of money on health care, don’t they?
3. Everybody can get medical care in our country, can they?
4. Children always need care, aren’t they?
5. You should go in for sports, do you?
6. We always want to have good families, didn’t they?
7. My friends have to go to the Children’s Home, haven’t they?
78
Writing
3. PW/GW. a) Search for information about the government care for the
elderly, the disabled and the veterans in different countries.
b) Answer the questions, generalizing and comparing your thoughts with
your partners’.
How does the government care for the disabled, the veterans and the
elderly?
What privileges
do the elderly people have in our country and other
countries?
Countries/Privileges Azerbaijan X X
4. PW. Write about the similarities and differences about the life of the elderly
people in Azerbaijan and different countries.
SULYLOHJH±DVSHFLDOULJKWJUDQWHGRUDYDLODEOHWRDSDUWLFXODUSHUVRQRUDJURXSRISHRSOH 79
Writing
5. IW. Unjumble the words to make sentences. Develop your writing comparing
and correcting your mistakes through peer correction.
Model: What does family mean to you?
mean family does What you to? In a perfect
world, all families should be happy get should
everyone and well on together. a know I have
that families of lot many problems. Brothers
and sisters who each don’t other like, parents
who never talk to each other. I wonder why
this is. How so to can live close your you family members and feel apart from
them? There is a lot of talk in the news family of breakdown the about life.
Divorce is rising everywhere in the world. This means single parents
have less to with children time spend their, which creates problems.
Maybe the stress modern puts much of life too pressure on families.
It seems as though family life was or generation a better ago two. Is this
true for families in your country?
80
Assessment 1
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81
Assessment 1
3. Read and answer the questions relating them to the real life.
• Can you imagine yourself in ten years’ time?
• What will your professional career and your family life be like?
• What are your strong and weak points?
• What are your priorities now? Do you think they will change
with time?
• What features do you appreciate in
people in general?
• Do you think you have these
features? What would you like to change
in yourself?
• What is the greatest dream you have?
• Are you doing anything to make your
dream come true?
4. Read and generalize your ideas.
“How does it feel to be young in the world which faces so many
complicated and confusing questions?” Even grown-ups can’t answer.
If the grown-up world has some stability, the world of teenagers is, in
most cases, full of doubts in themselves and their future. Establishing
relations with other people - parents, teachers, friends-doesn’t always
come easy either. What may comfort you is that these problems aren’t
unique as most people pass through this difficult stage, too. Young
people are usually quite impressionable and sensitive and tend to jump
to conlusions as they don’t often have enough experience and wisdom to
evaluate the situation and foresee all possible results of their behaviour.
Naturally that may lead to certain problems and misunderstanding.
What does the future hold for me? Am I going to be happy? Shall I find
a good job? All these questions are of primary importance for you and
your peers. Your future begins today and largely depends on what you
are doing now.
5. Write a letter to your school council/ community.
Imagine some people have no good living conditions.
Describe the causes of the problems and suggest solutions for help.
6. PW. Correct tag questions and explain your choice.
1. My friends won’t come to the concert, won’t they?
2. Nobody helped us to carry the bag, didn’t he?
3. Everyone took the test, didn’t she?
4. There was a meeting yesterday, wasn’t it?
5. Tom has never been to the Urals, hasn’t he?
6. Everything is OK, is it?
7. That is your wallet, aren’t they?
82
Assessment 2
1. Complete the chart with the Internet information about charity activities
you are familiar with.
Sources: www.heydar-aliyev-foundation.org
www.doctorswithoutborders.org
www.ideacampaign.org
www.unicef.org
Model:
Name of Who
Kinds of What
A Charity they
Charity they do
Organization help
HAF-Heydar
Care
Aliyev Foundation ? ?
DWB-Doctors Without Borders
Care and An International Independent
Help Humanitarian ? ?
Organization
There are real problems that make ______ and adults complain about.
It’s a fact that there are ______ who have already had an
experience with ______ or drugs. ______ but there are ______ too who
appear to be quite indifferent to what their children do. Some parents
______ that their children are old enough to decide what to do and so
they let them do what they want. This makes many teenagers feel free
and ______ all sorts of ______ Their choice is sometimes wrong and
makes life hard.
83
Progress Portfolio
1. Discuss the questions about today’s teens in groups and give comments.
1. Do you agree that music, television and movies cross the boundaries?
2. Does a new generation appear on the world scene? Prove your opinion.
3. Do computers create a new kind of neighbourhood? Why?
4. Do teenagers like to be different?
5. What is Weblish? Why did it appear?
Youth Cultures
are formed in reaction to society’s values
____________________
help young people become independent from their families
_______________________________
The values of a youth culture don’t matter - just have to be different
from those of the older generation.
Are they good or bad?
84
Progress Portfolio
Multiple Choice
1. Choose the correct variant.
Social service always tries to do its best ___ the old.
a) to grow up
b) to cheer up
c) to make visits
d) to visit
85
UNIT 3. CUSTOMS AND CULTURES
Lesson 1. Cultural Awareness
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IRURWKHUSHRSOHIt would be discourteous to decline a visit.
WORD FILE
HWLTXHWWH>ޖHWܼNHW@(n) WKH³UXOHV´IRUSROLWHEHKDYLRXULQDVRFLHW\RUDJURXS
Diplomatic etiquette.
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Punctuality is the politeness of kings. (Idiom)
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UHOLJLRXVUXOHVEDQSURKLELWLRQTo break a taboo.
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Unavoidable loss.
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PDQQHU To notify a crime to the police.
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SHUPLVVLEOH>SԥޖPܼVܼEԥO@(adj) SHUPLWWHGDOORZHG
A permissible level.
86
Listening / Speaking
1. CW. Speak about different cultures looking at the photos and graph with
aspects of each category.
Model: Each nation has different customs and traditions. They have their own
greeting, farewell, wedding traditions.
Customs Values
Traditions
? History
Manners Attitude
Etiquette
87
Listening / Speaking
Grammar Booster
Commands-Requests-Advice in Reported/Indirect Speech
To report commands, requests, advice, warnings or suggestions, we
use the verbs tell, ask, beg, order, command, advise, forbid, warn,
encourage, etc. + (object)+full infinitive.
Direct Speech Reported/Indirect Speech
³Read the text silently!”our teacher Our teacher told us to read the
said to us. text silently.
“Could you keep the volume down, George asked his neighbour to
please?” George said to his keep the volume down.
neighbour.
“Don’t talk while you have food in My mother told my brother not
your mouth!” my mother said to to talk while he had food in his
my brother. mouth.
2. PW. Listen and act out the dialogue. Discuss the question and express
your own ideas.
ƒ How do people usually apologize in your country?
George: Hi, I’m your new neighbour, George Riviera. I live the next door.
Stephanie: Hi, I’m Stephanie Lee.
George: So, you just moved in? Do you need any help?
Stephanie: Not right now. But thanks.
George: Well, let me know if you do. By the way, would you mind
turning your stereo down? The walls are really thin, so
the sound goes right into my apartment.
Stephanie: Oh, I’m sorry! I didn’t realize that. I’ll make sure to keep
the volume down. Oh, by the way, is there a good Italian
restaurant in the neighbourhood?
George: Yeah. There’s a great one not far from our house. Try their
lasagna. It’s delicious!
3. PW/GW. Change the sentences into Indirect Speech.
1. “Follow the classroom rules!” said the teacher to her students.
2. “Don’t lie to me,” said Bella’s sister.
3. “Wait for some minutes before beginning the meal!” said mother.
4. “Don’t shout,” said Jane to her brother.
5. “Try to help your friend,” says Murad.
6. “Don’t take other people’s photos without permission,” said the guide.
7. “Let’s go for a walk!” says mother to her children.
8. “Don’t wait for me if I’m late,” Sona said to me.
9. “Bring me a glass of water, please,” she said to him.
88
Listening/Speaking
4. PW. Complete the dialogues using polite requests given in the
“Remember” box below and act them out.
REMEMBER
• Polite requests
• Asking if you can do things (asking for permission)
Can I...?
May I...?
Could I possibly...?
Could I ...?
Do you mind if
I ...?
Saying “No!”
Saying “Yes!”
Well, the problem is …
Yes, sure!
Sorry, but ….
Yes, of course!
That’s fine!
Certainly!
89
Reading
1. GW. Read the paragraphs and define the reading style. Express your ideas
about dinner party etiquette below.
Seating
The hostess/the host lead
the guests into the dining
room. The host and the male
guests follow. The hostess
then tells her guests where
to sit. She must always have
the seating arrangement
planned in advance in order
to avoid confusion and
delay. Each person stands casually behind his chair until the
hostess starts to take her seat. The man helps his dinner
partner to be seated and also helps move her chair as she rises. Each
person moves to the left of the chair to be seated and also rises from
the left.
90
Reading
The Meal
At a small dinner party, do
not start to eat until all guests are
served. At a large dinner party,
you may start to eat as soon as those
near you have been served. Do not
eat too fast. Do not talk while you
have food in your mouth and keep
the mouth closed while you chew
your food. Elbows should not be put
on the table when you are eating. If an accident happens at the table,
apologize briefly to your hostess. The hostess continues to eat as long
as her guests do. When all finish eating, she rises from the table and
the others follow her.
Departing
If you have no dinner partner, push
your chair from the table by taking hold
of each side of the seat of the chair. Don’t
rest your hands or arms on the table to
push yourself up. It is not necessary to
remain longer than thirty minutes after a
dinner if the invitation does not include the
entire evening. However, one should avoid
appearing in a hurry to leave.
ƒWhat are some good ways to teach children etiquette? Give examples.
ƒDo you know any differences in etiquette between your culture and
others? Give examples.
ƒWhy are table manners important almost in all cultures?
ƒHow would people behave if there were no rules?
91
Writing
1. GW. Answer the questions about dinner party etiquettes.
1. If the dinner party invitation is for 8:00, what time should guests
arrive?
2. If a guest is going to be late, what should he or she do?
3. Who decides where guests should sit at the table?
4. What are the different roles of men and women at a dinner party?
5. When should a guest begin eating?
6. What should a guest do if a fork or a knife falls on the floor?
7. What should a guest do if he or she spills a drink on the table?
8. How long should the host or hostess continue eating?
9. What should a guest do when the host or hostess leaves the table?
2. PW. Share your ideas about the table manners in Azerbaijan nowadays and
complete the table below making notes in your copybooks.
FORMALITY
It’s polite to ... ?
It’s impolite to ... ?
It’s offensive to ... ?
It’s customary to ... ?
It isn't customary to ... ?
92
Writing
5. GW. Find the behaviour that would be considered rude at a dinner party.
Then write the correct behaviour.
1. You arrive five to ten minutes after the hour set for the dinner.
2. You arrive late and dinner has started, so you take your seat
as quickly as possible and start eating.
3. If you are a man, you enter the dining room after the women.
4. You take the seat at the table that your hostess has planned for you.
5. You start to eat as soon as the food is served to you so that it
is still hot when you eat it.
6. If you are the hostess, you should leave the table as soon as you
finish eating.
7. You leave immediately after the dinner is over.
Self-Assessment
Criteria Activities
I remember ƒthe word-stock and the meanings of the words
everything about dinner etiquettes, customs and greetings and
about table manners
ƒbuilding up sentences using new words and their
meanings about customs, table manners and dinner
I have no etiquettes
problems with ƒ sharing and expressing my thoughts with my
partners about table manners in Azerbaijan and
different countries
I think I need
ƒwriting a paragraph/an essay on dinner etiquettes
some more
and table manners in different countries
practice with
I think I need ƒcreating paragraphs comparing dinner etiquette and
a lot more
practice on table manners in different cultures
93
Assessment
1. Complete each sentence with the correct word or phrase from the
Vocabulary.
3. Role Play a conversation with a visitor to your country. Tell the visitor
about your culture. While speaking use the phrases from the table etiquette.
A: It’s a bad table manner to pick up a soup bowl and drink soup from
it. You have to use a spoon.
B: It’s not customary for a man to extend his hand to shake hands
with a woman. He should wait for the woman to do that.
C: It is not polite to take photos of people without permission.
Agreement Disagreement
I agree ... I disagree ...
I think you are right ... Actually, I don’t agree, because ...
I support ... I don’t think ...
I think ... But I think ...
Really ... Really?! ...
94
Assessment
4. Change the sentences into Indirect/Direct Speech.
1. “Try to respect other people’s ideas,” said my granny.
2. “Always plan the seating arrangement in advance,” said the man.
3. “Teach your children table manners,”said my aunt to mother.
4. “Don’t speak with your mouth full of food,” said Asim’s granny.
5. The doctor always tells her not to worry.
6. Turgut’s grandfather told him not to forget to brush his teeth.
7. “Speak a bit louder. I can’t hear you,” said the man.
8. “Kamran, could you close the door?” said the teacher.
9. “Don’t go near the river!” mother said to her little son.
10. Shahin asked Semra to give him her phone number.
1. If someone invites you somewhere, what do you say when you agree?
A) I don’t think it is a good idea. B) I don’t agree at all.
C) No, I don’t think so. D) I’ll join you with pleasure.
95
Lesson 2. Customs Differ
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96
Listening/Speaking
1. PW. Listen to the following opinions and talk about different customs
and traditions in Azerbaijan and different countries.
Model:
Some traditions and customs such as weddings, birthdays and
graduation ceremonies are fairly similar from country to country.
Candles, cakes, balloons, birthday and wedding wishes are for good
luck. Some customs are quite different in many countries.
For example: In Vietnam everyone celebrates their birthdays
on New Year’s Day, or on Tet as it is known in Vietnam. The
Vietnamese do not acknowledge the exact day they were born. Babies
are considered to be one year old on Tet no matter when they were
born. On the first morning of Tet, adults congratulate children on
becoming a year older by presenting them red envelopes that
contain “Lucky Money”, or “li xi”.
97
Listening/Speaking
2. PW. Listen and complete the dialogue. Then act it out.
I: So what kind of things would a visitor to Thailand need to know
about? Are there any social customs that are very different from
European countries?
N: _______ .
I: How is that?
N: _______ .
I: What, even in a formal situation?
N: _______ .
I: Oh, you mean it’s the same for men and women?
N: _______ .
I: And are there any things that you find different in public
places? Is it true that it’s not acceptable for a young couple to hold
hands in public?
N: _______ .
I: And what other traditions?
N: _______ .
I: Right. So if anyone invites you to their home, is there anything you
should know about how to behave?
N: _______ .
I: Do you have to do it?
N: _______.
I: Right! Okay! Anything else, any other “dos/do’s” and “don’ts”?
N: _______ .
I: That is very good! Well, thank you very much for your help. I’ll
try to remember everything you’ve just told me. Thanks a lot!
N: _______.
3. GW. Listen and give comments on “Social Custom tips in Great Britain”
(Customs you should know before a trip) and create a paragraph
on “Social Customs tips in Azerbaijan”.
In Great Britain_____
If you want to ask someone a question in the street, you should say
“Excuse me!” to attract their attention.
98
Reading
1. PW. Read and comment on the text.
2. GW. Find some more information about customs and traditions in different
countries and prepare a presentation looking through the “Remember” box.
Culture in My Country
Aydan: Azerbaijan is a country that holds its national traditions
sacred. We always respect our grandparents who are the head of the
family. Guests are always most valued for our people. We always
offer them the best room, our national food and warm welcoming.
It is customary to do our best for them. When we have guests
at the dinner table, they should start first to taste anything.
Azerbaijani people have wise proverbs about hospitality: “A
house without a guest is like a mill without water”, or “The
provision (food) for a guest comes before the guest.” (Azerbaijan)
Rosy: In Peru, if you visit your friends, you never arrive
on time. It’s perfectly okay if you’re not punctual and arrive an
hour late, nobody cares - it’s expected! But if you really want
people to be punctual, you have to say “Hora Inglesa” which means
“English time”. (Peru)
Pavel: Men usually shake hands when they greet each other, not only
for the first time they meet, or if they haven’t seen each other for
a long time, like people do in England, but every day. When a man
enters a room, it’s quite common to shake hands with all the other
men in the room. (Russia)
Gabriella: The people in Spain lead a different lifestyle. For example,
they don’t have a big breakfast in the mornings. But they have
an old custom to have a rest and sleep after lunch which is called
“siesta”. The siesta is a short nap taken after the midday meal. It is
not only the traditional daytime sleep in Spain, but also common in
some other countries. The main reasons for siesta- unbearable high
temperature and a big midday meal that make it welcome at home.
(Spain)
Lee Kuan: When you go to Singapore, people expect you to dress
smartly. The wearing style is important. Your clothes can’t be dirty
or old. And it’s important to be fashionable, especially for women,
with nice make-up and jewellery. (Singapore)
101
Reading
5. GW. Complete the chart according to task 4 on page 101.
Questions Answers
female/woman.
Miss means ”unmarried” woman.
Ms-means ”woman” and Ms is not an abbreviation.
Note: Ms can be used for a woman, regardless of her marital status
6. PW. Choose adjectives from the box to make true sentences about your
country, starting with “It’s”.
Model: It’s important to treat old people with respect.
102
Writing
1. GW. Complete the table on the customs/traditions and add your ideas
comparing them.
Countries Great
Azerbaijan Japan other
Customs/Traditions Britain
2. PW. Find mistakes in the following sentences and develop your writing
by peer correction.
1. Men never shake hands when they greet each other in Russia.
2. The Spanish always have a big breakfast in the mornings.
3. If you want people to be punctual, you have to say “hora inglesa”
in Spain!
4. It’s unimportant to be fashionable, especially for women, with nice
make-up and jewellery in Singapore.
5. The English have an old custom to have a rest and sleep after lunch.
6. It is polite to talk very much at mealtimes in China.
103
Writing
4. PW. Answer the questions and write.
1. Is a night out in Japan, Russia and Azerbaijan the same? If not,
what’s the difference?
2. What can you say about differences in social behaviour of the young
in foreign countries and Azerbaijan?
3. What is the difference of splitting the bill when going out in the past
and now?
4. Why are the rules of a night out still stricter?
5. How’s the evening out in different countries?
5. IW. Write about social behaviour, values, customs and traditions in our
country and use the ideas from the Useful Language box below.
Useful Language
How to behave in public Addressing people
The way people dress Typical times for going out
Greeting people It’s polite/common to
It is not acceptable People should/shouldn’t
Activities people do when they go out People tend to
104
Assessment 1
1. Change the sentences into Indirect Speech.
1. “Don’t wear dirty clothes,” said my grandmother to me.
2. “Stand up when older people come in,” said our teacher to us.
3. “Value how we live our lives,” said my grandfather.
4. “Don’t talk too much at meal times,” mother told her son.
5. “Share your ideas with your friends about our culture and customs,”
said the teacher to her students.
2. Respond to each question. Use another piece of paper if you need more
space.
What is considered polite/impolite/rude in your family?
What manners have you been taught? (table manners, greeting people,
behaviour toward guests, how to thank for a meal, etc.)
What do you wear on special occasions?
What days are celebrated in your family?
How often do you see your extended family?
What national values are the most important for you?
2. It is good ...
A) to argue with people very often B) to treat children kindly
C) to cause problems or difficulties D) to hurt people
3. It is wise ...
1. to trouble others 2. to respect people 3. to be impolite
4. to protect nature 5. to be late for lessons 6. to be frank with others
A) 1, 3, 5 B) 2, 4, 6 C) 1, 2, 3 D) 2, 3, 4
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Assessment 2
3. Respond to each question. Use another piece of paper if you need more
space.
How do people greet one another when they meet for the first time?
Are greeting customs different for men and women/ How?
When and how do you address people formally/informally?
What are some dos/do’s and don’ts for table manners?
Are certain foods or beverages taboo?
What are some taboo conversation topics?
What are the customs about punctuality?
What is a customary gift when you visit someone’s house?
Are there any gift taboos (kinds of flowers, etc.)
Are there places where certain clothes would be inappropriate?
Is there an important aspect of your culture that’s not on this list?
5. Find the mistakes and correct them according to task 2 on page 100.
1. In most countries it’s polite to point at people with your finger.
2. In Japan it’s polite to lick own bowl from which you’ve eaten.
3. The Chinese think it is impolite not to carry on a conversation at
the dinner table.
4. The Japanese think it is not bad to talk at meal times.
5. In France it’s important that you don’t wear shoes indoors.
107
Lesson 3. What Ticks You Off?
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108
Listening/Speaking
1. PW. Listen and discuss answering the questions.
Young people all over the world were given the questionnaire.
1. How should people behave in public places?
2. What kind of behaviour can tick you off?
3. What is acceptable/ not acceptable for people in public?
Model 1:
Here is something that gets on my nerves. I hate it when people use
their cell phones in public places. They annoy other people, not only on
trains and buses but also in theatres. They should have the courtesy
either to turn their phones off or leave them at home. It really makes
me angry. I guess it’s kind of my pet peeve
.
Ismayil
Model 2:
I’ve never understood bullying*. Why
do some people make the life of another
person so miserable? Why do some people
think they have the right to punch and
kick someone they think is weaker than
them? I was bullied when I was a child.
I didn’t feel safe during the breaks.
But thanks to my school teachers they stopped bullying and were
punished. My parents also helped me to stand for myself and be
more confident. Tom
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force them to do something 109
Listening / Speaking
2. PW. Listen to the interview and share your ideas on public conduct.
What ticks you off?
Yusif Mammadov, 16
Baku, Azerbaijan
I don’t like it when people are late for school.
I think punctuality is very important for ev-
erybody. As the greatest English playwright
and poet William Shakespeare said,
“Better three hours too soon than a
minute too late”.
Wendy Kwon, 16
Chicago, USA
What ticks me off? Well, I can’t understand
why people litter. Who do they think is going
to clean up after them? Either they should
throw their garbage in a trash can or hold on
to it till they find one. I think it’s great that
people have to pay a fine for littering. Maybe
they’ll think before doing it again.
Yuan Yong Jing, 17
Beijing, China
It really bugs
me when people spit on the
street. It is not only disgusting, but it’s also
unhygienic. It’s important to think about
other people’s feelings and public health. I
think everyone supports me on this.
Isabella Fraser, 18
Toronto, Canada
Do you know what gets on my nerves?
Smoking. It’s such an inconsiderate habit.
Secondhand cigarette smoke is neither good
for your health nor pleasant to be around.
I’d like to see smoking banned in more public
places. All non-smokers have rights, too.
3. PW. Give your advice to teens’ ideas paying attention to the model below.
Teens’ ideas Your advice
Smoking is not good for our health.
Spitting on the street is not only disgusting, but it’s
also unhygienic.
EXJ±annoy or bother
110
Reading
1. PW. Read and choose the correct linker between two variants given in
the composition about mobile phones. Then give the best title for the text.
LQIULQJHPHQW± the action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, etc.; violation.
111
Reading
2. GW. Read the article about punctuality. Then check True, False or No
information according to the article.
Right On Time
Everyone knows that different cul-
tures have different ideas about punctu-
ality. But one country-Ecuador-is trying
something new. “Citizen Participation”
in Ecuador has found that being late
costs the country about $724 million
each year. They report that more than
half of all public events, as well as many
government appointments and social activities, begin late. The group
is trying to make people aware of punctuality and is reminding them
to be on time. The government, including the Ecuadorian president, is
supporting the effort.
Hundreds of Ecuadorian organizations and companies have signed
agreements to be on time. Posters have been put up to remind people:
“If you’re late, someone else is waiting”. One newspaper prints a list of
government officials who arrive at events late.
The Campaign has generally been well-received by the Ecuadorian
people, and it seems to be working. A lot of business people have
reported that more meetings are now beginning on time.
1. The country of Ecuador made more money because people were often
late.
2. “Citizen Participation” doesn’t think punctuality is very important.
3. The government of Ecuador wants people to be on time.
4. Signs and posters have been made to remind people to be punctual.
5. Punctuality is more important now in Ecuador than in many other
countries
112
Writing
1. PW. Match the words with their definitions and compare it with your
partner’s.
4. PW. Make a survey on “What Ticks You off?” and play a role. One student
asks the other student as an interviewer in the street about what
gets on their nerves. Use these phrases in the conversation.
113
Writing
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114
Assessment
Multiple Choice
1. Choose the correct variant.
1. Spitting on the street isn’t only disgusting, but also ___
a) unhygienic
b) polite
c) appropriate
d) acceptable
115
Progress Portfolio
very not
Ideas important why?
important important
Work or school
Doctor’s appointment
A movie
Other
2. Find the definition of the words below and build up sentences using them.
annoyance courtesy
moderately fairly
infringement rigid
peeve a ban
irritate pointless
116
Progress Portfolio
5. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box.
I (1) ___ agree that drivers shouldn’t use any kind of a mobile phone
when they are driving. (2) ___- you can’t (3)___ concentrate on the road
(4) ___ you are having a telephone conversation on the road at the same
time. A hands-free mobile might be OK, - (5) ___. (6)___ that some
people try to read text-messages or even write them while they’re
driving. I think that’s crazy. I mean it’s (7) ___ dangerous because they
stop looking at the road and look at their mobiles. Tim
(8) ___ you should move away from other people when you’re
talking on a mobile. It’s a good manner. And you shouldn’t play
noisy games or talk really loudly if you’re on a bus or train or
somewhere where there are lots of people nearby. It doesn’t really
bother me, (9) ___ some people find it very annoying. (10)___ I know,
you mustn’t use a mobile at all in a car, (11) ___ you’re moving or not,
even for text messages- it’s against the law. Rosy
6. Summarize and think about how culture has changed since your
grandparents were at your age. Complete the survey.
CULTURE SURVEY
Cultural Aspects Then Now
Table manners
Musical tastes
Relationship rules
Clothing customs
Rules about formal behavior
Rules about punctuality
Forms of address
Male/Female roles in the home
Male/Female roles in the workplace
117
UNIT 4. MONEY AND BENEFITS
Lesson 1. Money Matters
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118
Listening/Speaking
1. PW. Talk about the pictures expressing your own ideas about money.
Money
2. PW. Listen to the proverbs and sayings in English and share your own ideas
with the partner’s giving comments about money.
Model:
Proverb: Money can’t buy happiness.
The meaning: a) While money can buy most things, it cannot purchase
the constant feeling of joy.
b) I’ve heard that once a rich man lost everything in his divorce. It’s
proof that money can’t buy happiness.
119
Listening / Speaking
3. GW. Listen to the information in “Do You Know .. ?” box and explain the
process of paper money production to a friend.
DO YOU KNOW...?
Though credit and debit cards are
more popular than ever, most people
still carry around a few bills with
them. Paper money is something we
are all familiar with, but is it really
made out of paper? Regular paper is made out of wood cellulose
which is a product that comes from trees. Paper makers mix
chemicals with the wood to break it down into cellulose fibers.
Machines then press these fibers together and roll them into thin
sheets to create the material we call paper. When paper gets wet,
the cellulose fibers become very weak. This can cause most paper to
completely fall apart
when it is wet.
Paper money is not made out of this material. Think about
the last time you found a dollar in the pockets of pants that
went through the washing machine. The dollar probably had
wrinkles, but it didn’t completely fall apart because it got wet.
Money is not made from the same paper that you write on. It is made
out of something called “rag paper
”. Rag paper is a mixture of 75%
cotton and 25% linen. Cotton and linen fibers do not become weak
when they get wet. They are much stronger than cellulose fibers.
Unlike regular paper, money can be folded many times without
causing serious damage to the bill. The material that money is made
out of is much stronger and much more durable than regular paper.
4. CW. Give your opinion to the statements with “Money” using the words
from “Remember” box.
1. All I want is to have enough money to enjoy life.
2. Money is very important to me. I’d like to earn as much as possible.
3. I would be happy to have less money and fewer possessions.
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120
UDJSDSHU±SDSHUPDGHIURPFRWWRQ
Reading
1. GW. Read the article about a woman who lives without money and answer
the questions.
1. What was Heidemarie’s job?
2. What possessions does she have now?
3. How did the experiment start?
4. Where has she lived since the experiment started?
5. What does she do when she needs something?
6. What is she trying to show with her experiment?
7. What did she do with the money she earned from her book?
8. How do you think she survives?
9. Is it possible to live without money?
121
Reading
2. PW. Answer the questions expressing your opinion.
1. Do you agree with Heidemarie Schwermer that ....?
all jobs are equally important
most people don’t like their jobs
people judge you according to how much you earn
2. What do you think of Heidemarie Schwermer?
Would you like to have friendship with her?
Numbers
REMEMBER
2. PW. Fill in the gaps with the suitable words from the box.
1. My dad ... some money aside every week for the next holiday.
2. Kate’s granny went to ... and got 200 manats.
3. Vagif ... a lot of money ... the bank.
4. My friend ... 30 manats ... her new desk.
5. I’m ... for my holiday, I’m hoping to go to New York.
6. Parents always think that children ... their money ... sweets
and other things they don’t need.
123
Lesson 2. Financial Planning
124
Listening/Speaking
1. PW. Listen to the dialogue and express your points of view on it. Use the
Glossary below for the meaning of some new words.
A: Uh, could I borrow a few bucks until payday? I’m a little strapped
for cash.
B: Yeah, I guess, but I’m pinching pennies myself, and you still owe
me 20 AZN. Mom said you borrowed some money from her last
week.
A: To be honest, I’m fully in debt and I can’t seem to make ends meet
these days.
B: I heard you landed a great job recently, so you must be loaded.
A: Well, I do have a job, but I’ve used my credit cards to pay off a lot
of things recently.
B: Do you have a budget? I mean, how do you keep track of your
income and expenses?
A: Well, when my money runs out, I come to you.
B: OK, I think we should speak about your budget later but now I must
go. See you.
A: Hope to see you soon. Bye.
Glossary
buck - a dollar
be strapped for cash (idiom) - have no money available
pinch pennies (idiom) - be careful with money
SD\GD\WKHGD\ZKHQRQHJHWVVDODU\
make ends meet (idiom) make enough money to live
load - find
be loaded -have a lot of money
stick to a budget - control spendings
run out of money(phrasal verb) have no money
land a great job - find a well-paid job
be in debt - (idiom) - owe (the situation of owing money,
especially when you cannot pay)
125
Listening/Speaking
2. GW. a) Listen to these financial tips and say if you have a high financial IQ.
b) Match the titles to the paragraphs.
A) Live within your means
B) Don’t go into debt
C) Save Money
IQ - Intelligence Quotient - a comparative
measure of a person’s intelligence
1. ______________
Start saving while you are young. When you have money in your
pocket, the impulse
to spend it can be very strong. When you get your
paycheck
, don’t run to the mall. If you put away a small amount of
money into a saving account each week and earn interest, your money
will grow.
Judy
2. ______________
The secret to financial success is spending less than you earn. If
you make a lot of money, but spend it all, you are not really rich or
financially secure. If you lose your job, or get seriously ill, you will
have nothing to fall back on. People who make less money than you, but
don’t spend it all, are actually much wealthier because they are able to
handle any emergency that arises. Fortunately, today’s technology
makes managing your money easier than ever. Financial-planning
software can help you keep a budget by adding up your income and
expenses and keeping track of your spending.
David
3. ______________
It is a lot easier and sometimes safer to pay with a credit card than to
carry around a lot of cash in your pocket or purse. However, it is easy
to get into trouble with credit cards if you use them as a substitute for
money you don’t have. If you charge so much that you can’t keep up
with your monthly bills, interest charges will quickly add up. Going into
debt because of credit card bills is the surest sign of a low financial IQ.
Julia
3. GW. Discuss the questions and support your answers with the information
given above.
• Do you think Judy makes a lot of money?
• Do you think David is good at saving money?
• What did Judy do to change her financial situation?
• How would you describe Judy’s financial IQ?
• Are you more like Judy, Julia or David?
SD\FKHFN±DFKHFNIRUVDODU\RUZDJHVPDGHRXWWRDQHPSOR\HH
126
LPSXOVH±DVXGGHQVWUDQJHXQUHÀHFWLYHGHVLUHWRDFW
Reading
Grammar Booster
Future Plans and Perfect Infinitive
1. PW. Complete the paragraph about Ms Kemper’s future plans. Use expect,
hope, intend or plan and Infinitive form of the verb.
Jessica Kemper _____ (1. to complete) business school this semester,
and then she _____ (2. to find) a job in the financial industry.
However, Ms Kemper has a lot of debts to repay. She’s borrowed some
money from her parents and some from the bank, but she _____ (3. to
pay) everyone back as soon as she can. She _____ (4. to get) a part-time
job to make ends meet while she’s paying off her debt.
127
Reading
2. PW. Read and explain the meaning of new expressions and share your ideas
on “How to create a realistic budget and how to keep it”.
6. PW. Choose and explain the statements that best apply to you.
Then compare your answers with your partner’s.
129
Writing
1. PW. Act the dialogue out answering the questions.
Samir: Why is it important to keep track of your expenses?
Aysel: _______________
Samir: Why can using credit cards be a problem?
Aysel: _______________
Samir: Why can a budget make you better prepared for emergencies?
Aysel: _______________
Samir: Which benefit from the article is the most important?
Aysel: _______________
2. PW. Read the text on page 128 again and check if the following statements
are correct or incorrect.
1. Keep track of your expenses.
2. If you don’t have enough money for something, use your credit card
to treat yourself.
3. Buy financial planning software.
4. Cut back
on your spending.
5. Live beyond your means.
6. Wait until you’re older to start saving.
7. Make sure your income is more than your expenses.
8. Pay the least possible amount on your credit card bills each month.
9. Put some money away in savings each month.
10. If you’re feeling down, go shopping.
3. IW. Write a short paragraph. Use the Future Perfect with the verbs expect,
hope, intend, or plan and the Perfect form of an Infinitive.
4. IW. Respond to the e-mail. Write three suggestions for a person who wants
to budget his/her money to save for a TV.
)URP MRHVRFFHU#PDLOFRP
6XEMHFW 1HHG$GYLFH
Hey, did you see the game last night? I can’t believe I missed it again!
I have to get a new TV, but I just can’t manage to save up any cash.
What am I going to do?
5. IW. Project Work. Imagine you want to start a project of redesigning your
house/flat. Think and write about your income and expenses using the new
vocabulary you have learned.
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130
Writing
6. PW. Complete the paragraph about Mr Randall’s future plans.
Use the words expect, hope, intend or plan and Perfect Form of the infinitive.
8. IW. Find the meaning of the given idioms about money. Match the phrases
on the left with their definitions and use them in sentences. One definition
is extra.
131
Assessment 1
1. Describe your future financial goals.
Model:
“By the time I graduate, I hope to have saved enough to buy a new
car.”
“Once I’ve started working, I plan to put a little money into
savings every week.”
3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions in the box. There are some
extra words.
to make ends meet beyond your means to put away
emergencies bills in full out of debt peace of mind
132
Assessment 2
Multiple Choice
1. Choose the correct variant.
1. A budget requires you ___ of your expenses.
a) borrow from
b) keep out
c) keep track
d) run out
133
Lesson 3. National Insurance
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Your baggage allowance.
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Not every employee is eligible to claim unfair dismissal.
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UHVSHFWThe dignity of labour.
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WORD FILE
134
Listening/Speaking
Model:
There are several payments which are paid to different categories
of people in almost all countries. In Azerbaijan these are mainly the
displaced like refugees from Garabagh, the disabled, the elderly and
some other categories of people assisted by the government and
charity organizations. The government of Azerbaijan will provide the
refugees with all kinds of provision till the end of the war conflict.
135
Listening/Speaking
3. CW. Watch a video about Insurance on Youtube and speak about it.
What’s insurance?
When and where did insurance appear?
Why is insurance important?
What can you say about the insurance system in Azerbaijan?
136
Reading
1. GW. Read and discuss the following views, on both positive and negative
sides of a welfare state.
ƒAlthough many people support the idea of a welfare state, there are
some people who speak for the necessity of its partial change and there
are those who do not support the idea at all. In the welfare state, most
benefits are available to everybody who is entitled to them and it’s very
good. In the welfare state, nobody is allowed to live in poverty.
Everybody is to have proper health care and education regardless
of their income. The welfare state helps the disabled, people who are
unable to work to earn money on their own. The welfare state system
provides the elderly with an income that allows them to live to some de-
gree of dignity. I think with the help of welfare state system people will
have been living a comfortable life for many years.
Mr Abbasov
Mrs Hope
ƒI think the welfare state is ineffective. First of all, it is a waste of
money. Besides, it is not selective! What else? The provision of benefits
weakens the family. In other words, if there were less provision by the
state, families would have to cope and this would make them stronger. I
know a family that has been living on the provision of the welfare state
for a decade. No one in the family tried to find a job. As you see, the
provision of benefits deprives individuals of their desire to look after
themselves. There is no need to help the unemployed or homeless.
People should be responsible for what they do and have.
I personally believe that anyone who is willing to work can find a job.
The welfare state should help only those who cannot help themselves.
Mr Green
137
Reading
Model: Rufat says that only those people who really need benefits
should get them. Take a child benefit, for example. It is available to
everybody in a welfare state, though many middle-class people do not
actually need financial help.
3. PW. Answer the questions and express your points of view generalizing/
evaluating them.
Questions Answers
What is one of the most important disadvantages of the
welfare state according to Mr Abbasov?
What does Mr Abbasov suggest?
4. PW. Complete the sentences with your own ideas and explain.
1. Some people don’t support the idea of a welfare state ____.
2. In the welfare state most benefits are available to everybody ____.
3. Without financial help some people can’t live ____.
4. Some people don’t know what they are entitled to receive ____.
5. Some people refuse to accept help ____.
138
Writing
Grammar Booster
Past Perfect Continuous Forms
2. PW. Write a paragraph about social help in Azerbaijan and compare your
work with your partner’s looking through the model.
Model:
Great Britain is a welfare state, a country that has a system of
ensuring the welfare of its citizens by means of social services, provided
by the state. At the national level the government is responsible for the
National Health Service, National Insurance and Social Security. The
systems of National Insurance and Social Security provide financial help
for different categories of citizens.
139
Writing
3. PW. Answer the questions and match 1-7 with a-g.
The National Insurance and the Social Security benefits paid to different
categories of people are known by different names.
What are some of these names?
• Who receives these benefits?
1. Retirement pension
2. Widow’s pension
3. Maternity (motherhood) pay
4. Family credit
5. Unemployment benefit
6. Invalidity pension
7. Mobility
allowance
4. GW. Fill in the gaps using the words and expressions a-e.
a) be responsible for b) to pay for c) entitled to
d) provided withe) express
1. People should .... what they do and have.
2. Some people who are ... various benefits do not receive them.
3. My grandparents always ... support for the welfare state.
4. The unemployed are ... unemployment benefit for a year.
5. Mobility allowance is for disabled people ... transport or to buy a
special vehicle.
PRELOLW\WKHDELOLW\WRPRYHRUEHPRYHGIUHHO\DQGHDVLO\
140
Assessment
1. Answer the following questions reading the dialogue.
• Who are the speakers?
• What’s the problem with the insurance company?
• Is a lawyer needed? Why?
• Do you find it difficult to deal with the insurance company?
• Has an insurance company ever made a settlement with you/your
relative/friend?
A: That’s really too bad. This whole thing has turned into a terrible mess.
B: Yeah, and I didn’t expect it. It seemed like the right thing to do at
the time.
A: Well, have you had any help from the insurance company?
B: Not really. They just hem and haw
about making some kind of a
settlement.
A: It sounds to me as if you have got a strong case in your favour.
Have you talked to a lawyer?
B: Not yet. But if the insurance company doesn’t do anything by next
week, I think I will.
A: Well. Let me know if you want the name of a good one. My cousin is
a lawyer and I’m sure he’ll help you.
2. Make a reasonable speech on insurance system in Azerbaijan using
these words.
3. Read the information below and find out what the laws in Azerbaijan
say about these cases. Generalize different points of view.
In many countries:
Women who leave work to have a baby have a right to ask maternity
allowance from the government.
There are allowances paid to elderly people. Retired people can get a
salary or wage, and still receive their pension in full.
A wide range of other payments exists. For example, a child
allowance is a small monthly payment for each child, usually paid
directly to mothers.
People who do not work have the right to get a monthly payment
too. Scholarships are paid to young people, college and higher school
students, if they do not pay fees (money) for their education.
People who are disabled can receive an invalidity pension.
Widows can get payment for their husbands who died.
KHPDQGKDZ± to put off; delay
141
Lesson 4. If you had a lot of money .... ?
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To go through chemotherapy.
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Getting workers to invest in private pension funds.
WORD FILE
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I was overwhelmed by the generosity of friends and neighbours.
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She deserves sainthood for taking in that many foster children.
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The mining industry continues to be subsidized.
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Symptoms may disappear temporarily.
142
Listening/Speaking
1. GW. Look at the photos and talk about these people and their charity
activities.
143
Reading
1. GW. Read the text and discuss reasons for charity giving your own
opinions.
What reasons does Paul Newman give for donating to charity?
What are some reasons why people donate money?
What kinds of people or organizations get contributions? Why?
Charity and Investment
Actor Paul Newman began acting in 1953 and appeared in more than
fifty films in his lifetime. He won an Oscar for best actor in 1986 for
the Colour of Money. In 1993, Newman received a special Oscar for
humanitarian service. These two awards reflect his dual success
as an actor and a philanthropist. In 1982, Newman and his friend,
A.E. Hotchner, founded Newman’s Own, a not-for-profit food products
company. The company’s first product was a salad dressing* that
Newman and Hotchner made at home themselves. Newman was told that
the salad dressing would be sold only if his face was on the label. Though
he didn’t want to call attention to himself, Newman agreed because he
planned to donate all profits to charity. The salad dressing was a big
success: in the first year, Newman contributed approximately $ 1,000,000
to charitable organizations. Newman’s Own expanded, and the company
made many other food products. Every year Newman donated 100% of
the profits from the sale of Newman’s Own products to thousands of
educational and charity organizations. And since Paul Newman’s death
in 2008, Newman’s Own Inc. has continued this practice and has donated
more than $ 295 million to charities in the USA and 31 other countries
around the world.
To Paul Newman, generosity was simply a human trait, a commonsense
way of living. “I respect generosity in people. I don’t look at it as
philanthropy. I see it as an investment in the community. I am not a
professional philanthropist,” said Newman. “I’m not running for
sainthood. I just happen to think that in life we need to be a little like
the farmer who puts back into the soil what he takes out.”
Paul Newman, the actor and philanthropist
2. PW. Match the halves and build up sentences using them.
VDODGGUHVVLQJ±a sauce for salads typically one consisting of oil and vinegar
144 with herbs or other avourings
Reading
4. PW. Say the years and read through the text to find out what they stand for.
6. GW. Correct the sentences paying attention to the use of the Reported
Speech.
1. Julia said what reasons does Paul Newman give for donating to
charity.
2. The student said if actor Paul Newman began acting in 1954 and
appeared in more than fifty films in his lifetime.
3. Anar said whether anyday in the future a cure for cancer will be
found by our doctors.
4. The boy asked me if my grandfather has been working for 30 years.
5. She says that if the widowed will have been receiving a humanitarian
service by the time they come to the city.
6. The teacher says if scientists will have discovered the treatment for
the common cold by the end of the 21st century.
145
Writing
1. GW. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the
passage below.
A country which helps its old, sick, disabled and unemployed is called
a (1) __. Elderly people receive a state (2)__ when they are at the age
of 60-65. People with (3)__ who can’t afford to buy or rent decent
accommodation are given houses or flats with (4)__ rents, which means
that the government or local council supports the rent to keep it low.
Sick people get free (5)__ from their doctor or at the hospital. Mothers
of small children get special state financial 6)__ and, of course, older
children receive free (7)__. (8)__ people who move with difficulty, and
(9)__ people whose minds are not fully developed, also receive special
assistance and, if necessary, special equipment to help them live
normal lives. People who are (10)__ are normally (11)__ to receive
unemployment benefit, which is paid by the state. The (12)__
(government departments responsible for people’s well-being) will help
people who financially, physically or psychologically, have difficulty in
coping with life and (13)__ will visit such people in their homes.
3. PW. Build up sentences looking through Grammar Booster. (See page 139)
Sample: 1. Paul had been working for two hours on his school project when
his mother came home. (to work)
2. Father had been repairing the engine of the car for 45 minutes
by the time we returned home. (to repair)
146
Writing
4. GW. Write a paragraph on “Insurance in Azerbaijan” using Useful Language
box below.
Useful Language
• The welfare state is … •Insurance
• First of all, … • Effective but (although)
• For example … • Let’s take … as an example.
• Besides … • Above all …
• Effective • … such as …
5. PW. Read the article from the Teen’s magazine and match the letters
A-D with the numbers 1-3. One subtitle is extra.
The article is about Anthony Leanna from Wisconsin. Anthony who is
only 13, is one of those teenagers who are using their hearts and smarts
to make the world the better place.
pay spend afford earn borrow lend open owe save pay back
Joy: Pam, I’m in trouble. I (a) ... $200 a week from my job, but I need
to (b) ... about $250 a week just on basic things like food, rent
and fares. I can’t make ends meet on $200. I’ve got to (c) ... some
money. Can you help me?
Pam: OK. I’m quite well-off at the moment. I can (d) ... you $100.
Here you are! But why don’t you (e) ... a bank account? It’s very
simple. Then you can (f) ... a little bit every week, and you won’t
be so hard up.
Joy: Pam, I haven’t got enough money to put in a bank account. I can’t
(g) ... my gas and electricity bills. I can’t (h) ... to go on
holiday. I’m not just a bit hard up. I’ve got no money at all. I’m broke!
Anyway, thanks for your help. Promise to (i) ... the $100 next
month. I don’t like to be in debt. I won’t forget. I now (j) ... you $100.
2. Put the verbs into the correct form (Future and Past Perfect Continuous).
1. By the end of the month I (to work) in this bank for ten years.
2. My sister (to sleep) for three hours by the time we get home.
3. By May the fifth he (to provide) us with financial help for 3 years.
4. By 10 o’clock she (to watch) TV for 4 hours.
5. She (to sleep) for 10 hours by 11 o’clock.
6. We (to look for) him for 40 days by next Saturday.
7. They (to talk) for over an hour before Tony arrived.
8. When Joe finishes eating we (to walk) in the park for an hour.
9. Kate (to work) at that company for three years when it went out
of business.
3. Answer each question about your financial goals using the following:
a) I intend to put away 100 dollars in saving each month.
b) I will have saved enough to buy a laptop by next March.
1. What is something expensive that you hope to buy?
a) ___________________ b) ___________________
2. Do you have a debt you’d like to pay off? What is it?
a) ___________________ b) ___________________
3. What is one way you can cut back on your spending and save more
each month?
a) ___________________ b) ___________________
148
Progress Portfolio
4. Answer the following questions.
1) What do you spend your money on?
2) How much pocket money did you have when you were 15 years old?
3) Do you save any money? If so, how? (bank, cash)
4) Is it easy to open a bank account in your country? How much do you
need to start?
5) Do you owe money? Whom? When will you pay back the money?
6) Is there anything you want to do but can’t afford to?
7) Do you often lend money? Who do you lend it to?
8) Do you often borrow money? Who do you borrow it from?
9) Are you in debt, broke, hard up or well-off?
10) How much do you need to make ends meet?
11) Do people in your country receive a state pension when they are old?
How old are they when they begin to receive it?
12) What bills do you have to pay?
5. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions from the box. Some can be used more
than once.
149
UNIT 5. FASHION AND STYLE
Lesson 1. Don’t judge people by their appearance!
What you’ll learn:
Vocabulary: Clothes/Fashion
Grammar: Order of Adjectives
Speaking: Describing clothes, describing people’s appearance
Writing: A paragraph about your clothes
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Avoid excessive exposure to the sun.
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A daring explorer.
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Jill replied with a hint of disapproval in her voice.
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WORD FILE
150
Listening/Speaking
1. PW. Look at the photos. Give your opinions of the outfits looking through
the model.
Model:
I think she looks cool/great, etc.
Her dress is really elegant! Her hair looks great!
Those pants look great on you!
What a lovely necklace! She is wearing elegant, baggy
, long trousers.
I think she looks great, etc.
1 2 3 4
4. Can our clothes really tell people what we are like? Maybe not,
but they can show our attitude to what we’re doing at that moment.
When people see us in the right clothes they think we are serious about
what we are doing. Furthermore, if we are clean, smart and polite,
people will have confidence in us. Are the clothes people wear really
important if they are good at their jobs? Well, would you feel happy
visiting a doctor who is wearing a dirty old T-shirt and torn jeans?
2. PW. Create a paragraph on: “Do you judge people by their appearance?”
153
Reading
3. PW. Read and interpret the content expressing your opinions.
Today teenagers want to wear their own clothes
so that they can express their personalities.
But if you ask the same students what they wear
when they get home, they’ll answer- jeans!
Most teenagers like wearing jeans because
they are a symbol of freedom. When you wear
jeans you say that you don’t have to follow
the dress codes of offices, and factories. However,
although jeans have this image today, they were
originally the uniform of the working man.
The first people wearing jeans were sailors in the Italian city of Genoa.
That was 1600! In fact, the name for these trousers comes from the
French name for the city: Genes. More than two hundred years later in
California, a man called Levi Strauss sold extra strong jeans to a miner
and they became the working trousers for American men. Today jeans
are very fashionable, but most people wear them for the same reasons as
the Italian sailors: they are comfortable and practical. In fact, they are
so popular that some people say they are the uniform of the 21st century.
Confusing verbs:
to wear- when you wear your clothes, shoes or jewellery, you
have them on your body.
to put on- to place clothes on your body
to dress-to put clothes on
G to dress down - to dress informally
L to dress up - to dress in smart or formal clothes
to match - 1) to be in harmony with something
O 2) to have a pleasing appearance when used together
S to suit - 1) to be convenient for somebody or the best choice in
S a particular situation
A 2) to make somebody look attractive
to fit - to be of the correct size or shape
R Samples:
Y ƒBuy this white blouse. The colour really suits you!
ƒ Fashionable women usually buy handbags to match their shoes.
ƒThese shoes don’t fit me, I need a bigger size.
ƒShe was wearing a beautiful diamond necklace with matching
earrings.
154
Writing
1. IW/PW. Make up a paragraph about clothes.
Model:
Clothes can be comfortable and casual, smart and stylish, or colourful
and eccentric. That’s fine, but beware of clothes that are too different.
It is not your personality, but your appearance can cause disapproval.
Clothes can sometimes provoke a strong reaction.
6HOI$VVHVVPHQW /HYHO5HDFKHG
'HVFULSWLRQRI$FKLHYHPHQW 3HUIHFW *RRG )DLU 3RRU
Reading/Writing
I can:
read and match the headings to the
paragraphs
• express my own ideas on clothes/uniforms
• read and interpret the content of the text
• nd the words in the text according to their
denitions
• create paragraphs on the topic of clothes
• group the adjectives describing the clothes
and put them in the correct column
SDWWHUQHG± shaped, decorated, ornamented.
155
Writing
4. PW. Choose the best conclusion for the text. (See task 1 on page 153).
A) People’s appearance doesn’t tell us anything about them. Their clothes
can’t tell you if they are good at their jobs.
B) We use clothes to help us make decisions about the people we meet.
Clothes can show us what other people are like and how serious they
are about the things they are doing.
C) Clothes give us a lot of information. Sometimes teachers use clothes
to make quick decisions about their students.
5. PW. Put the words in the correct order and make up sentences.
Model: She’s wearing elegant black high-heeled shoes.
1. wearing/shoes/elegant/black/she’s/high-heeled.
2. shiny/is/roll neck/great/this/nylon/a
3. mustn’t/a person/people/by/judge/appearance/their.
4. should/wear/a uniform/students/at school.
5. wear/I’d/stripy/and/top/jeans/a/stylish.
6. right clothes/for/the occasion/to wear/is/the important thing/the
6. PW. Complete the sentences with the words given in the box.
156
Assessment
1. Choose the best answers. You can choose more than one answer.
1. People ... .
a) decide very quickly what the people they meet are like
b) only need three seconds to ask about the clothes brands you
wear
c) never judge others by their appearance
d) want their clothes to be very fashionable
2. Answer the questions and use your own words and ideas looking through
task 1 on page 153.
157
Lesson 2. Looking Good
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WORD FILE
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We indulged in a cream tea.
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WKDWFRQVLVWVRIWZRURZVRIPHWDORUSODVWLFWHHWKA zipper fastener.
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A well-to-do family.
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To wear a wig.
158
Listening/Speaking
1. PW. Look at the photos, compare them and say what countries the clothes
belong to.
2. PW. Listen and practise. Pay attention to the Remember box below.
A: You look beautiful in that kimono. Is this your wedding photo?
B: Yes, it is.
A: Do most Japanese women wear kimonos when they get married?
B: Yes, many of them do. Then after the wedding ceremony, the bride
usually changes into a western bridal dress during the reception.
A: Oh, I didn't know that.
Complimenting on Someone’s
REMEMBER
self-critical
self-confidence self-confident
self-centered self-pity
self-image
PDQGDWRU\±compulsory
162
Reading
4. PW. Read the sentences that are true about your country. If they aren’t
true, change them using the new vocabulary appropriately.
1. People in offices tend to wear casual clothes to work.
2. People don’t tend to dress up when they go out.
3. Women tend to wear a lot of make-up and jewellery.
4. Young women don’t tend to go out in groups.
5. Parents tend to be strict with their daughters about going out.
163
Writing
1. PW. a) Search for a Culture Note on clothes in Azerbaijan and prepare a
presentation about it looking through the model.
b) Make appropriate corrections comparing it with your partner’s.
Culture Note
In Britain people usually compliment on the things or the clothes
they like about the people they are talking to. They also expect to hear
“Thank you!” in response to a compliment. Besides, they add something to
support the conversation. In Britain people usually don’t mind
compliments. Sometimes they compliment in return. Most
people in Britain are used to paying big compliments even if they
are describing everyday objects and events. Too many compliments
may be considered as insincerity*. But lack of compliments may be
considered as a sign of dislike.
2. PW. a) Read the opinions, think and explain your attitude to them.
b) Write your comments on these opinions:
Do you think most people are self-conscious about how they look?
Do you think people should just accept the way they look or try to
change their appearance?
What should one’s self-esteem be based on in an ideal world?
LQVLQFHULW\± WKHTXDOLW\RIQRWH[SUHVVLQJUHDOIHHOLQJV
164
Writing
4. IW/PW. Correct the mistakes paying attention to the quantifiers.
Self-Assessment
Criteria Activities
ƒthe word-stock and the meanings of the words
I remember
describing clothes such as chic, striking,
everything
elegant, fashionable, trendy, flashy,
about
attractive, unattractive, etc.
ƒbuilding up sentences using new words and their
meanings about clothes
I have no ƒfinding correct/suitable quantifiers
problems with ƒgrouping the words in the table showing
attractive and unattractive fashions and
giving reasons
ƒthinking and explaining different quotes on wear-
I think I need
ing clothes and writing about them
some more
practice with
ƒwriting a paragraph/an essay on national clothes
in different countries
I think I need
ƒmaking a culture note in Azerbaijan and
a lot more
different countries
practice on
165
Assessment
1. Complete the sentences with the words from the box and explain their
meaning.
2. Fill in the gaps with the suitable verbs. Some words can be used twice.
166
Assessment
4. Comment on fashion and style. Complete each statement about
fashions in your own way.
5. Group the words in the table and write why you find some fashions
attractive and some unattractive. Give reasons.
Attractive Unattractive
ƒfashionable ƒtacky (sticky)
ƒ_________ ƒBBBBBBBBBBBBB
ƒ_________ ƒ___________
ƒ_________ ƒ___________
ƒ_________ ƒ___________
167
Lesson 3. We Need to Recycle Clothes
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Excessive concern.
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WORD FILE
168
Listening/Speaking
1. PW. Listen and discuss the questions.
169
Reading
1. GW. Read and find the correct answer. Say and explain why recycling and
reusing clothes is important.
The text is about designers who...
a) save energy at their fashion shows.
b) never throw away clothes.
c) make clothes from recycled materials.
A. People from all over the world come to London Fashion Week. This
year, one fashion show at the Science Museum is different. Models walk
down the catwalk* to loud music and photographers take hundreds of
photos. But that happens in every show, so what’s different? The answer
is, of course, the clothes.
B. All the models are wearing clothes made from reused materials
which usually end up in our rubbish bins. For example, one model is
wearing a hat and jewellery made from old CDs, another is wearing a
jacket made from firemen’s old trousers and another is wearing a pair of
shoes created from car seats.
D. The designers are all worried about the impact of clothes on the
environment. “We are seeing a culture where people are buying clothes,
then throwing them away,” says one of the designers. “We need to recycle
much more.”
E. Every year in the UK, people throw away two billion kilograms of
clothes, which often come from cheap fashion shops. This creates too
much rubbish for councils and it’s sometimes difficult to recycle the
materials.
2. PW. Search the Internet and find facts of reusing clothes in Azerbaijan and
share them with the class.
4. GW. Read the text again and decide if the sentences are True or False.
1. Photographers take a lot of pictures at the show.
2. A designer made jewellery from old CDs.
3. All the models wear firemen’s trousers.
4. The show has clothes from two designers.
5. People often recycle clothes from cheap fashion shops.
6. Recycling materials can sometimes be a problem.
7. Only people from the UK come to London Fashion Week.
171
Writing
1. GW. a) Read and say why recycling and reusing clothes is important.
b) Find out the relationship between recycling clothes and global
problems on the internet and make a presentation.
2. IW. Unjumble the words in the sentences and write the correct version.
People say that is beauty beholder the of eye the in. That means
if someone thinks someone else is beautiful, then they are beautiful.
is think idea beauty I the of interesting. Why things do or we some
think people some are beautiful and others aren’t? Some people think a
building is beautiful, opposite think while the others. Much too spend
nowadays people time and money on beauty. I agree with the expression,
“beauty is only skin deep*” that means this is important really what’s
is someone’s heart and character, not what they look like on the outside.
It’s a little strange, and unfair, that you have be to a be top beautiful
actress to or even a news reader on TV there think I for rights equal be
should most of us “non-beautiful” people.
3. IW. Write a short essay about recycling clothes answering these questions:
VNLQGHHS– QRWGHHSRUODVWLQJVXSHU¿FLDO
172
Writing
5. IW. Complete the following sentences with the words and phrasal verbs
from the box in an appropriate form.
dress up get away with keep up with
pull on put together smart stand out
1. I go to at least ten big fashion shows a year, just to .... the latest
designs.
2. Joan asked me to paint the flat with her, so I ... an old
sweatshirt and my tattiest pair of jeans.
3. Henry could ... wearing jeans in his last job, but now he has had
to ... himself.
4. Ismayil... for the party, but when he arrived, he really ..., as
everyone else was wearing casual clothes.
5. Alice has .... an amazing outfit using recyled clothing and glass
beads.
6. GW. Discuss how culture has changed, include these topics into
your discussion.
• Which changes do you think are good? Which changes are not good?
Explain your Reasons.
• How do you think older people feel about these changes?
Do you think men and women differ in their feelings about cultural
changes? If so, how?
I think clothing customs have become less modest. My mother had
to wear a uniform at school. But when I started school, girls did not
wear a uniform. Now girls can go to school in jeans and even in shorts!
7. GW. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box. Correct your partner’s
mistakes.
a) unfashionable b) a month’s salary c) the same(2)
d) the craziest e) strange f) to feel trendy g) luxury brands
h) at half the price i) expensive j) brand fashion
Have you ever thought how ... (1) fashion is? People tell us what clothes
to wear. That’s weird. Fashion stores tell us what is in this summer or
winter. People then buy ... (2) clothes and look like every one else because
they want ... (3) . The thing is, fashion is about being an individual, but
then we all wear clothes that are ... (4) as everyone else’s! Keeping up
with fashion is... (5) these days. Everyone is into ... (6). Have you seen
how much the most fashionable sneakers are? How can kids afford
themselves? ... (7) fashion is the ... (8). People spend ... (9) or more, on a
handbag or watch. That’s crazy. I’m happy with an unknown brand ... (10).
I don’t mind being... (11) .
173
Assessment 1
1. Read and say if you agree (A) or disagree (D)with the sentences.
1. If they had just one wish, girls ages eleven to seventeen say they
would wish to be thinner.
2. Between the ages of ten and fourteen, the percentage of girls who are
“happy with the way I am” drops from 60% to 29%.
3. 80% of ten-year-old girls are on diets.
4. Between 5 and 10 million teenage girls and young women have an
eating disorder-extreme dieting, that can be very dangerous for their
health.
5. Teenage cosmetic surgeries are growing at an alarming rate*.
6. 70% of girls say they have wanted to look like an actress. About 30%
have actually tried to.
DODUPLQJUDWH±worrying or disturbing.
174
Assessment 2
1. Read and say if you agree with this view point. Share your ideas with your
classmates.
1. I don’t buy clothes very often and I don’t think what people wear
is very important. When I go shopping, I buy the clothes I need and
that’s all. I usually wear a pair of jeans, a T-shirt and some trainers,
and a jumper or a jacket when it’s cold. And I hate buying shoes -
I’ve only got three pairs of shoes!
Tural, from Azerbaijan
3. Oh, I love clothes! I buy fashion magazines every week and watch
programmes about clothes on TV. And I really love shoes-I’ve got
more than fifty pairs at home. My friends and I talk about clothes a
lot and we go shopping every Saturday afternoon. What do I want to
buy today? Some new shoes, of course!
Michael, from the USA
176
Progress Portfolio
3. Read the text and express your opinions looking at the photo of a pair of
jeans. Say how old they are.
$25,000 may sound excessive for a tatty pair of jeans, but the ones
in this picture are not an ordinary pair of jeans. They are said to be one
of the two oldest pairs left. They are certainly the most
expensive!
Discovered last year in an old coal mine in Colorado,
they were initially sold for $10,000. Another investor
paid $15,000, and Seth Weisser, owner of one of the
vintage stores in New York City, paid even more for
them. He then decided to contact Levi Strauss in San
Francisco, “I sent them pictures of the jeans and they
were delighted. They would have paid $40,000!”
Levi Strauss has its own museum and Lynn Downey, the company
historian, said, “I knew this would be a treasure that everyone in
the company would want us to have, so we agreed to pay one of the
hightest sums ever for a pair of old jeans.”
Apart from a hole in the left pocket and frayed edges at the bottom,
the jeans are in remarkably good condition for their age. Ms Downey
was able to date them by their leather patch, which was added in 1886,
and the single back pocket. A second pocket was added in 1902. She
said, “Perhaps the most important reason why Levi Strauss bought these
jeans is that the company lost everything in the 1906 San Francisco
earthquake and the first 50 years of our history was destroyed.”
4. Now read these statements from the text and say whether they
are true or false.
1. There are no other jeans as old as these.
2. Seth Weisser paid $10,000 for the jeans.
3. The jeans are made completely of one material.
4. The jeans have fewer pockets than ones made after 1902.
177
UNIT 6. ATTRACTIONS OF THE WORLD
Lesson 1. Attractive Places
What you’ll learn:
Vocabulary: The highest/the coldest/the driest/the wettest
places in the world
Grammar: Revision of the degrees of adjectives
Speaking: Describing the highest/the coldest/the driest/the wettest
places in the world
Writing: Designing “a dream tour” to any region/
country/continent that you would like to visit
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Hence new actions will be required.
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A continental plateau.
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The prices are plummeting.
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Historical prominence.
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She climbed back up the path towards the summit.
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In close vicinity.
178
Listening/Speaking
1. GW. Look at the photos or watch a video and fill in KWL chart with the
information on the highest, the coldest and the hottest places.
K W L
Lake Baikal is the Where is it situated? It contains most of
deepest lake in the Why is it known as the fresh drinking
world pearl of Siberia? water of the world.
What is the driest/
wettest place in the world?
Model:
Lake Baikal, the clearest and Valley of Geysers in Russia
the deepest lake in the world, The Valley of Geysers situated
holds around 23 percent of the on the Kamchatka Peninsula
world’s fresh water. Located in in the Russian Far East is the
Siberia, the 25-million-year-old second largest geyser field in
lake is surrounded by mountain the world. Since 1941 it has
ranges. Known as the Pearl of become one of the most popular
Siberia, Lake Baikal is the home tourist attractions.
of several resorts.
179
Reading
1. GW. Read and fill in the gaps with the words from the box. Pay attention to
the degrees of adjectives. There are extra words.
a) coldest b) hottest c) best d) dehydrated
e) largest f) dangerous g) boring h) difficult
i) driest j) wettest
DO YOU KNOW...?
Welcome to the (1)___, highest and
(2)___ places in the world! How do
people live in Mali, West Africa,
where the temperature is often +50OC?
John Baxter, a BBC journalist in
Mali, says, “People get up very early
and they don’t move very much in the
afternoon. Surprisingly, they wear
a lot of cotton clothes as this helps
them not to get (3)___. Houses are very hot and don’t have air
conditioning- the (4)___ place to sleep is on the roof.”
Victoria Falls
In Southern Africa, the Zambezi River
flows across a flat plateau that extends
hundreds of kilometres in all directions.
It is here that one will find the (5)___
waterfall in the world. It is formed as the
full width of the Zambezi river plummets
into a 108 metres high cleft
. During the wet
season, the spray from the falls can be seen
nearly 50 kilometres away, hence the local
name Mosi-oa-Tunya (The smoke that Thunders).
Bolivia
La Paz, the capital city in the
world is 4,090 metres above sea
level. It can be (10) ___ to breathe
because there isn’t much oxygen. Liz
Tremlett, a travel agent who lives
there, says, “When people arrive at
El Alto airport we sometimes need
to give them oxygen.” The next day
you feel terrible because you get
more dehydrated. But La Paz is a
very good place to play golf.
1. PW. Complete the sentences according to the passages. ( task 1, page 180)
1. During the ... season, the spray can be seen 50 km away.
2. The falls is ... in the world.
3. The falls ... be viewed from the opposite side of the ... .
4. The Atacama desert is... .
5. It’s formed as the ... ... of the Zambezi river ... into a 108 metres high
cleft.
Self-Assessment
Criteria Activities
ƒthe word-stock and the meanings of the words
I remember
describing the largest by area, the wettest, the
everything about
driest, etc. places in the world
ƒbuilding up sentences using new words and their
I have no
meanings about different places in the world
problems with
ƒmaking up combinations according to the passages
ƒthinking and speaking about different places in
I think I need
the world
some more
ƒcorrecting sentences and changing them into the
practice with
Direct Speech
I think I need a ƒdesigning a dream tour to any region, country or
lot more practice continent
on ƒcompleting sentences according to the information
183
Assessment 1
1. Read and comment on the content of the passage.
Notable Peaks
Europe’s highest mountain is Mount
Elbrus 5,642 m (18,510 ft) in the Caucasus
Mountains. Elbrus is 832 m (2,730 ft) higher
than Mont Blanc, the highest peak in the
Alps at 4,810 m (15,780 ft). The Caucasus
Mountains are defined as the continental
divide between Asia and Europe for the
region between the Black and Caspian Seas.
184
Assessment 2
1. Read the passages and create a presentation on the highest mountains/
peaks on the earth.
Babadagh in Azerbaijan
Babadagh is a mountain in Quba
District, Azerbaijan. It is considered
a sacred site. Left: Babadagh
(Grandfather Mountain) is the fourth
highest peak in the Caucasus in
Azerbaijan at 3,629 meters. It is
located to the north of Ismayilli.
There is a “pir” (a sacred place)
dedicated to Hasrat Baba, a person
received as a holy man here in the
past.
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Astounding views.
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His name had been inadvertently omitted from the list.
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186
Listening/Speaking
1. GW/CW. Speak about the the following attractions/pictures and say:
What are they remarkable for?
Which of them would you like to visit? Why?
Why do these wonders attract many people?
Model:
Lahij, one of the most picturesque and ancient
human settlements in Azerbaijan, is located
within the Ismayilli Region on the southern
slopes of the Greater Caucasus. It was built in
the 5th century B.C. on the canyon of the river
Girdmanchay. The territory is recognized as
a cultural reserve and is considered a popular
tourist destination of the Great Silk Way. Here
you can see very old houses, unique handmade
items from copper adorned with carving in the
form of oriental ornaments, knitted and weaved
goods, wood and leather ware, souvenir knives
and many other things.
Hermitage Museum
The State Hermitage Museum, situated in
Saint Petersburg, Russia, the second largest
one in the world, is a massive museum of art and
culture. It was founded in 1764 when Empress
Catherine the Great acquired an impressive
collection of paintings. The collections occupy
a large complex of six historic buildings
including the Winter Palace, a former residence
of Russian emperors.
GRPH - a round roof of a building or structure, typically with a circular base 187
Reading
1. GW. Find the meaning of unknown words. Read the passages and make a
presentation.
Cliff Dwellings
The cave complexes in modern
day Turkey, Cappadocia were built
for defense as much as a shelter.
Their narrow passages made it
difficult for invaders to penetrate
the dwellings. Tucked away
in the
northwest corner of Iran there is a
quaint and mysterious thirteenth century village of Kandovan. It’s a
village in Sahand Rural District, in the
Central District of Osku County, East
Azerbaijan Province, Iran. This village
consists of man-made cliff dwellings
which are still inhabited. The troglodyte
homes, excavated inside volcanic rocks
and tuffs similar to dwellings in the
Turkish region of Cappadocia, are
locally called “Karaan”.
The Great Barrier Reef
Visible from outer space,
the World Heritage-listed
Great Barrier Reef is one of
the world’s largest coral reef
system on our planet. In 1975
the Great Barrier Reef Marine
Park was established to
protect its fragile ecosystems,
which include more than
2,900 individual reefs; 900
islands; 300 coral cays; and
inshore mangrove islands. The
park stretches for 2,300 km
(1,400 miles) over an area of
approximately 344,400 square kilometres. The reef is located in the
Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia. Diving and
snorkelling are spectacular. The astounding array of sea life includes
soft and hard corals, more than 1,600 species of tropical fish, sharks,
dolphins, turtles, rays, and giant clams.
2. PW. Search for more information about the most visited tourist attractions
and complete a table looking through the model.
2. PW. Write about some other wonders of the world and answer:
What are they remarkable for?
Which of them would you like to visit? Why?
Why do these wonders attract many people?
Why is the Sultan Ahmed mosque called the Blue Mosque?
How many minarets does the Sultan Ahmed mosque have?
Where is the Great Barrier Reef situated?
Is the Great Barrier Reef a man-made or natural wonder?
What animals live in the Reef?
What village consists of man-made cliff dwellings which are still
inhabited?
4. GW. Give the definitions of the following words and make up /create a story.
coral man-made reef steep wonder indulgence
attractions mosque synagogue heritage hawker
191
Lesson 3. Welcome to Azerbaijan
An eloquent speech.
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WORD FILE
192
Listening/Speaking
1. CW. Think of your future plans and share your ideas with your classmates,
find out about your friends’ plans for future. Which one would you choose?
Why?
Imagine: You are leaving school soon. Time has come to make a decision
about your future independent life which can offer you a lot of chances.
But challenging decisions demand more consideration, skills and
responsibilities. It is difficult to determine the best option among a variety
of choices:
- Going to a college in your own country;
- Going abroad to get a higher education;
- Finding a job;
- Joining the army;
- Using a gap year and travel;
- Attending a vocational school;
Explain your choice as in the model:
Model: I have been thinking about my choice for 2 years. I have asked
myself this question many times. Of course, I have listened to my
parents’ and teachers’ advice on making a decision, but after all, it’s
my life and I have to decide myself. So I am interested in travelling and
I want to see the attractions of the world. But I think I’ll need some
money for travelling. So I’m going to take vocational courses that
provide students with practical skills. With a vocational qualification,
I am more likely to be able to start working sooner.
2. IW. Listen and fill in the gaps with the given words.
193
Listening/Speaking
3. PW. Listen to the dialogue and practise it sharing your ideas about your
summer plans.
Summer Holiday Plans
Yusif: I’m so excited! We’re going to leave school soon!
Laman: Yes, that’s great! The school leavers’ party and uh-huh...
Exams! I think you haven’t forgotten them, have you?
Yusif: Yes, you’re right. Anyway, after all, summer holidays are
coming! I feel I have to get away from it all.
Laman: Yes, I also want some changes. Do you have anything special on
your mind?
Yusif: I’m not sure. I guess I’ll just stay home for a week and maybe I’ll
catch up on my reading. And then I’m going to Turkey. And you?
Have you made any plans for summer?
Laman: I’ve already decided, I’ll go to my grandfather.
Yusif: That’s great!
Laman: And what made you travel to Turkey? You spent last summer
there. Is anyone going with you?
Yusif: You know, I am keen on seeing historical places. This time I’m
going with my cousin to Cappadocia and Pamukkale. Oh, you haven’t
told me where your granddad lives.
Laman: My grandfather is from Shusha. Now he lives in Gabala. Then
I’m planning to see Lahij and then Khynalyg. I think my granddad
will tell me more about the people and their traditions.
Yusif: Yeah, especially people in Khynalyg speak different languages
and the traditions they follow as well as the way they live have not
changed much, as people are settled at high altitudes.
Laman: You are right. Maybe I will ride a horse or go hiking, because
my granddad doesn’t like using vehicles. He has his own rules of
living. He says we need to move much in order to be healthy and
keep fit.
Yusif: How nice! I think we’ll have a wonderful time and take
interesting photos and videos.
194
Reading
1. PW. Read the article and find out the unknown words and use them in your
speech while giving your opinion on the article.
195
Reading
2. GW. a) Give a short review of the text generalizing your point of view.
b) Find more information on the April Battles in 2016 and create a presentation.
3. PW. Find out what these numbers stand for and express your attitude to
the facts given in the text generalizing your point of view on them.
,QYLQFLEOH±LQFDSDEOHRIEHLQJRYHUFRPHRUVXEGXHG
196
Reading
4. GW. Read the “Do you know?” passage and answer the following questions.
DO YOU KNOW...?
After the restoration of
independence in 1991, the
Republic of Azerbaijan began
to realize its sovereign rights
in economic field and to
implement independent policy.
One of the main tasks of the
country’s leadership in that
period was efficient use and
reallocation of the benefits
from rich oil and gas
endowment. In order to solve
this task, in 1999 the national
leader Heydar Aliyev adopted the Decree promoting cooperation
with international companies in this field. Additionally, in order
to channel the revenues from oil exports to the priority sectors of
the economy and important social and economic projects, the State
Oil Fund was established. At the current moment, international
organizations evaluate positively Oil Fund’s activity and its provision
of transparency. All these were realized thanks to far-sighted policy
and intensive activities of the national leader of the Azerbaijani
people Heydar Aliyev. The main directions and specifications of
socio-economic policy strategy, which is continued successfully
and improved by the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, is to
transit to market economy and to form social, diversified national
economy, which possesses ability of sustainable self-development
and integration to the world economy.
197
Writing
1. PW. a) Create a detailed speech plan for a presentation about modern Baku
and Azerbaijan using the words and expressions in the box and also your
previous notes.
198
Writing
2. GW. a) Create a project on the topic “Welcome to Azerbaijan!”
looking through the model.
b) Compare your work with your classmates’.
199
Progress Portfolio
1. Read and find True/ False sentences. Then make a presentation
about Gobustan/Azykh Cave.
Gobustan Rock Art Cultural
Landscape covers three areas
of a plateau of rocky boulders
rising out of the semi-desert of
central Azerbaijan, with an
outstanding collection of more
than 6,000 rock engravings bearing
testimony to 12,000 years of rock
art. The site also features the
remains of inhabited caves,
settlements and burials, all
reflecting an intensive use by the
inhabitants of the area during the
wet period that followed the last
Ice Age, from the Upper Paleolithic to the Middle Ages. The site, which
covers an area of 537 ha, is a part of the larger protected Gobustan
Reservation and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007.
200
Progress Portfolio
201
Grammar Reference
The Passive Causative Have/get something done
We use have something done to say that we arrange for somebody else to do
something for us. If you have something done, you don’t do it, somebody does
it for you.
Sample: The roof of Jane’s house was damaged in a storm. Yesterday a
workman came and repaired it. Jane had the roof repaired yesterday.
This means: Jane arranged for somebody else to repair the roof.
She didn’t repair it herself.
Compare:
Jane repaired the roof = (she repaired it herself)
Jane had the roof repaired = (she arranged for smb else to repair it)
Get something done
There is no difference in meaning between have and get.You can also say
“get something done” instead of “have something done” (mainly in informal
spoken English):
When are you going to get the roof repaired?=(have the roof repaired)
I think you should get your hair cut really short.
REMEMBER: In the Passive Voice, a “by” phrase is used when the information
is important.
We had the office painted last week. It looks great. (No “by” phrase)
We are having the office painted by Royal Painting Services.
They are the best.
Gerund or Infinitive
Some verbs are followed by either a gerund or an infinitive with no change in
meaning. For example: love, hate, like, prefer, begin, start, continue.
Begin enjoying/to enjoy the simple things in life.
Some verbs change meaning, depending on whether they are followed by a
gerund or an infinitive.
remember+infinitive=remember to do something
Remember to make time for the important people in your life.
I have to remember to send an e-mail to my friend.
remember+gerund=remember something that happened in the past.
I remember having more time for myself.
Do you remember going there when you were a kid?
forget+infinitive=forget to do something
Don’t forget to turn your cell phone off.
He always forgets to call on my birthday.
forget+gerund=forget something that happened in the past
I’ll never forget seeing the mountains for the first time.
Can you ever forget going to the beach?
Stop+infinitive=stop in order to do something
Stop to smell the roses.
Can you stop to pick up some chocolates for the party?
stop+gerund=stop an ongoing action
Stop over-scheduling and spend quality time with friends and family.
You need to stop worrying so much.
202
VERB TENSES ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
The letters are
PRESENT SIMPLE He delivers the letters
delivered.
The letters were
PAST SIMPLE He delivered the letters
delivered.
He will deliver the The letters will be
FUTURE SIMPLE
letters delivered.
PRESENT He is delivering the The letters are being
CONTINUOUS letters. delivered.
He was delivering the The letters were being
PAST CONTINUOUS
letters delivered.
He has delivered the The letters have been de-
PRESENT PERFECT
letters livered.
He had delivered the The letters had been
PAST PERFECT
letters delivered.
He has to deliver the The letters have to be de-
INFINITIVE
letters livered.
He should deliver the The letters should be
MODALS
letters delivered.
203
Pronouns
Would you like the green sweater
“One-Ones” are used if we do not or the blue one?
want to repeat a countable noun Where are the glassses?
I need some big ones.
“Other/the other” can be used as an adjective and pronoun in a
sentence.
“Other” means “more “ or
“different”.
Mr Harris and Mrs Bate and
Used to refer to people or things
three other teachers were there.
that are additional or different
Are there any other questions?
from people or things that have
What other writers do you know?
been mentioned or are known
about.
My other brother is a doctor.
I’ve got two sons. One of them
After words the, my, your, etc.
lives in England and the other
is used to refer the second of two
one studies in Spain.
people or things
He raised one hand and then the
other.
After the words the, my, your,
etc. it is used to refer to the This book isn’t interesting.
remaining people or things in a What about the other ones?
group.
After the article “the” it is used
to refer to a place, direction, etc. I work on the other side of the
that is opposite to where you are, town
what you are doing, etc.
others-the rest =more, apart from Some people like coffee, others
those already mentioned prefer tea.
“Another” can be used as a determiner and pronoun in a sentence.
another=one more.
I’d like another glass of apple
It can also go with expressions of
juice
time, distance or money.
another means one more; Would you like another drink?
an extra thing or person. She has got another question.
another means different, The room is small, let’s see if
a different person or thing. they have got another one.
204
Embedded (Indirect) Questions
When the Direct question doesn’t have a question word, the
indirect question begins with If or Whether.
Direct Indirect
Yes/No questions: Yes/No questions:
If and Whether have the same meaning.
Be careful!
Is that magazine I wonder if is that magazine interesting.
interesting? (wrong)
I wonder if that magazine is interesting.
(correct)
Have you read this book? I want to know whether he has read this
Can I borrow your pen? book.
I wonder whether I can borrow your pen.
Note: If the questions begin with a question word:
Direct questions: Indirect questions:
What’s the article
Tell me what the article is about.
about?
I don’t know
Can you tell me
Please tell me
Are you sure
I have no idea
I’m not sure
I wonder
I can’t tell you
I don’t remember
I’d like to know
Do you remember
I’m interested to know
Do you know
205
Yes/No questions in Indirect Speech
are not real questions so they do not have the
word order of questions or a question mark (?);
Yes/No questions If and Whether have the same meaning.
Be careful! Don’t say:
I wonder if is that magazine interesting.
Tell me if is that magazine interesting.
When the original question doesn’t have a
Have you finished this question word, the indirect question has if or
newspaper? whether. As well as “ask” we can use “wonder”
and ”want to know” to report questions. E.g.
Can I borrow your pen? I’d like to know whether he liked the article.
I wonder whether I could borrow your pen.
“When will I hear from Jane wondered when she would hear from
David?” Jane asked herself. David.
What’s the article about? Tell me what the article is about.
Why did you have to take Could you tell me why you had to take this
this book? book?
When was this poem I’d like to know when this poem was written.
written?
Tag Questions
Question tags are short questions placed at the end of the statement.
Formation Examples
auxiliary/modal verb+subject
You can drive a car, can’t you?
pronoun
if the statement is positive the
She is coming to work, isn’t she?
question tag is negative
if the statement is negative, the
She isn’t coming to work, is she?
question tag is positive.
Question tags are asked with rising intonation, when we are not sure about
some information and are asking for confirmation.
206
Commands-Requests-Advice
Tell/Ask somebody to do something
To report commands, requests, advice, warnings or suggestions, we use the
verbs tell, ask, beg, order, command, advise, forbid, warn, encourage, etc.
+(object)+full infinitive.
Other Reporting Verbs
Offer/promise +object+full infinitive
“I’ll pick you up from the air- He offered to pick me up from the
port,” he said. airport.
Accuse smb of/complain to smb about/insist on/admit to/deny/apologize
for+ing form
Susan said, “He stole the old Susan accused him of stealing the old
woman’s bag.” woman’s bag.
“My coffee is too cold,”she said. She complained that her coffee was too
cold
“Mind your own business!” he He told us to mind our own
said to us. business.
“Keep the volume down!” George George told his neighbour to keep the
said to his neighbour. volume down.
“Don’t talk while you have food My mother told my brother not to talk
in your mouth!”my mother said to while he had food in his mouth.
my brother.
Punctuation: Capitalization
We use capital letters for:
people’s initials and names, their marital status and job titles:
Ms Brown, Personnel Manager
the names or initials of companies:
International Chemicals, IBM
Names of places:
New Zealand, Park Road
Languages, nationalities and religions:
Tom speaks Chinese, a Greek statue, Arif is Muslim.
Days, months and public holidays: Novruz, Christmas, New Year
The most important words in titles of books, magazines, films, etc:
Empire of the Sun
207
Future Plans and Finished Future Actions
Future Perfect
208
Some quantifiers can be used with singular count nouns.
each every
one person
manager employee
A couple of employees
several
a few A number of companies both
two problems young
managers A majority of teachers
people
professionals
A great a large
A little much
deal of Not as much satisfaction amount of
productivity choice
interest money
Non-count nouns/Uncountable
Count nouns/Countable nouns
nouns
no people no choice
some/any employees some/any conformity
a lot of companies a lot of individuality
a third of the companies a third of the money
plenty of businessmen plenty of satisfaction
all teenagers all the time
most students most dissatisfaction
more cities more interest
209
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• www.english-to-go.com
• www.learningenglish.org.uk • www.BestEnglishQuotes
• www.teachingenglish.org.uk • www.bbcworldservice.com
• www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev • www.teachersrst.com
• http/heydar-aliyev-foundation.org www.mfa.gov.az
http/ideacampaign.org http/www.sspf.gov.az
https/en.wikipedia.org www.mehriban-aliyeva.az/en/kids_
http/www.azerbaijan.az/portal/Economy/General/general
• www.beliefnet.com/quotes/inspiration
• www.brainyquote.com/quotes
• www.goodreads.com
• www.urbandictionary.com
• www.listenAminute.com/p/personality.html
• www.nancialplan.about.com
• www.worldwildlife.org
• www.doctorswithoutborders.org
• www.hitehranhostel.com
• www.unicef.org
• $-7KRPVRQDQG$90DUWLQHW$3UDFWLFDO(QJOLVK*UDPPDU
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