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&ԥEKԥVLQLQ .RQTUHVLQGԥ GHPLúGL ³- LO ԥYYԥO DOPDQ [DOTÕQD ELOGLUPLúGLP NL
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WԥNUDU HGLUԥP %X ERú V|]OԥU GH\LOGLU PTԥGGԥV DQGGÕU NL VRQ QԥIԥVLPԥ TԥGԥU
\HULQԥ\HWLUԥFԥ\ԥP´V
4H\G HGԥN NL QDVLVWOԥULQ ³DQWLPDUNVLVW´ úDUODUÕ $OPDQL\DQÕQ QԥKԥQJ
EXUMXD]L\DVÕQÕEW|YONGԥUD]ÕVDOÕUGÕdQNL\D[úÕ WԥúNLODWODQPÕúIԥKOԥKԥUԥNDWODUÕ
tez-WH] PԥK] ³PDUNVL]P´ DGÕ DOWÕQGD RQODUD KFXP HGLUOԥU $QWLPDUNVL]PGԥQ
LGHRORML SULQVLS NLPL LVWLIDGԥ HGԥQ QDVLVWOԥU R G|YUGԥ $OPDQL\DGD JHQLú \D\ÕOPÕú
|]QԥPԥ[VXV PLOOԥWoLOLN ԥKYDOL-UXKL\\ԥVLQL \D\ÕUGÕODU %H\QԥOPLOԥU WԥOLP RODQ
PDUNVL]Pԥ TDUúÕ PLOOL WԥOLP RODQ DQWLPDUNVL]P TR\XOXUGX $QWLPDUNVLVW ԥVDVODU
]ԥULQGԥ QDVLVWPLOOL\\ԥWoLQԥ]ԥUL\\ԥTXUXOXELQNLúDIHGLUGL
Nasional-VRVLDOLVW LGHRORTODUÕ DUDVÕQGD LUTԥ PQDVLEԥWOԥUGԥ Gԥ P[WԥOLI
\DQDúPDODU YDUGÕ ԤNVԥUL\\ԥW TDQ TRKXPOX÷X LOԥ Pԥ\\ԥQOԥúԥQ [DULFL ԥODPԥWOԥU
WRSOXPXQD VWQON YHULUGLOԥU %X ԥODPԥWOԥU LoԥULVLQGԥ GDKD oR[ NԥOOԥQLQ
IRUPDVÕQD VDoÕQ UԥQJLQԥ J|]ԥ EXUQXQ TXUXOXúXQD Yԥ EDúTD ԥODPԥWOԥUԥ GLTTԥW
\HWLULOLUGL <NVԥN LUTLQ QPD\ԥQGԥOԥUL EXUD\D LONLQ Q|YEԥGԥ DOPDQODU DLG LGL
EWQ [H\LU[DK NH\IL\\ԥWOԥUԥ PDOLN LGL DúD÷Õ LUTԥ PԥQVXE RODQODU LVԥ EXUD\D
ԥVDVԥQ \ԥKXGLOԥU Yԥ VODY\DQODU GD[LO LGL EWQ PPNQ Q|TVDQODUÕQ GDúÕ\ÕFÕODUÕ
VD\ÕOÕUGÕODU. (2, s.287)
øUToLOLN Qԥ]ԥUL\\ԥVL LOԥ Pԥú÷XO RODQ 9DOWHU 'DUUH \D]ÕUGÕ NL ³LUTL VXDO EX
GQ\DWDUL[LQLDQODPDToQELUDoDUGÕU´V
$OIUHG 5R]HQEHUTLQ ILNULQFԥ LVԥ P[WԥOLI LUTOԥU DUDVÕQGD PEDUL]ԥ GQ\D
WDUL[LQLQ HOԥFԥ Gԥ PԥGԥQL\\ԥWOԥU WDUL[LQLQ ԥVDV Pԥ]PXQXQX WԥúNLO HGLU g]
Q|YEԥVLQGԥ +LWOHU EWQ GQ\DGD JHGԥQ LGHRORML SURVHVOԥUL D\GÕQODúGÕUPDT oQ
LUTL Qԥ]ԥUL\\ԥGԥQ LVWLIDGԥ HGLUGL 2 -F LOGԥ 1\XUHQEHUTGԥ NHoLULOԥQ SDUWL\D
TXUXOWD\ÕQGDNÕ oÕ[ÕúÕQGD ³LUTL WԥPL]OLN´ SUREOHPLQԥ WR[XQXUGX +LWOHU oÕ[ÕúÕQGD
GH\LUGL ³øUTL PQDVLEԥWGԥ WԥPL] RODQ [DOT |]QQ WԥPL] YDUOÕ÷ÕQD X\÷XQ RODUDT
EWQ Kԥ\DWL YDFLE VXDOODUGD DGHNYDW P|YTH WXWXU ԤJԥU [DOT P[WԥOLI LUTL
HOHPHQWOԥUGԥQLEDUԥWGLUVԥRQGDEXúԥUDLWGԥRVLWXDVL\DԥKԥPL\\ԥWOLRODFDTNLKDQVÕ
LUTLHOHPHQWLQGQ\DJ|UúLGHRORML PEDUL]ԥGԥVWQON TD]DQDFDTV-
289)
+LWOHU WԥVGLTOԥ\LUGL NL QDVLRQDO-VRVLDOL]PLQ [LGPԥWL RQGDQ LEDUԥWGLU NL R
DOPDQTDQÕQÕQLQVWLNWLYWԥOԥELQLԥNVHWGLUԥQGQ\DJ|UúQQTԥOԥEԥVLQԥN|PԥNHWGL
HitlerLQ ILNULQFԥ LQVDQOÕ÷Õ o LUTԥ E|OPԥN OD]ÕPGÕU PԥGԥQL\\ԥW EDQLVOԥUL
PԥGԥQL\\ԥWGDúÕ\ÕFÕODUÕYԥPԥGԥQL\\ԥWGD÷ÕGÕFÕODUÕV+LWOHUJ|VWԥULUGLNL
\DOQÕ] DUL LUTԥ PԥQVXE RODQODU PԥGԥQL\\ԥW EDQLVOԥUL Yԥ PԥGԥQL\\ԥW \DUDGDQODU
hesab edilir. Asiya xalTODUÕ LVԥ PԥVԥOԥQ \DSRQODU Yԥ oLQOLOԥU |] IRUPDODUÕQÕ DUL
PԥGԥQL\\ԥWLQԥYHULERQXTԥEXOHWGLNOԥULQGԥQRQODUPԥGԥQL\\ԥWGDúÕ\ÕFÕODUÕVD\ÕOÕU
<ԥKXGL LUTLQL LVԥ PԥGԥQL\\ԥW GD÷ÕGÕFÕOÕ÷ÕQD DLG HWPԥN RODU ³$úD÷Õ LQVDQODU´ÕQ
P|YFXGOX÷X \NVԥk mԥdԥniyyԥtin yaUDQPDVÕQGD ԥVDV úԥUWGLU øQVDQOÕ÷ÕQ LONLQ
mԥdԥniyyԥWLDúD÷ÕLUTOԥrin istifadԥsinԥ V|\NԥQLE.HoPLú]DPDQODUGDTDOLEROGX÷X
oQ DULOԥr istila etdiklԥUL [DOTODUÕ LUDGԥsinԥ WDEH HWGLULU |] Wԥlԥblԥrinԥ X\÷XQ
WDSúÕUÕTODUÕQÕKԥ\DWDNHoLULUGLOԥU/DNLQEWQEXnlara baxmayaraq, mԥ÷OXE[DOTODU
³KDNLPOԥU´LQ DGԥtini, ԥnԥnԥsini, dilini qԥbul etsԥ dԥ, arilԥU |] TDQÕQÕQ Wԥmizliyini
itirmԥyԥ EDúODGÕ +LWOHU EXQXQOD ԥlaqԥGDU ³0ԥQLP PEDUL]ԥP´ ԥsԥrindԥ \D]ÕUGÕ
³0ԥdԥniyyԥtlԥrin zԥiflԥmԥsinin yeganԥ sԥbԥEL TDQ TDUÕúÕTOÕ÷Õ oldu vԥ bunun
nԥticԥsindԥ irqlԥULQLQNLúDIVԥviyyԥVLDúD÷ÕGúG´V
Ԥlbԥttԥ +LWOHULQ LUTL PKDNLPԥsindԥ hԥm obyektiv, hԥm dԥ Pԥyyԥn
JHUoԥkliklԥU YDUGÕU 9ԥ qeyd edԥk ki, onun irqԥ belԥ PQDVLEԥti hԥU oH\GԥQ oR[
Darvinin irԥOLVUG\³7ԥbii VHoLPQԥzԥriyyԥsinԥ´ԥVDVODQÕUGÕ +LWOHUJ|VWԥrirdi ki,
ԥgԥr belԥdirsԥ vԥ arilԥr yeganԥ mԥdԥniyyԥW \DUDGDQODUGÕUVD RQGD RQODU GQ\D\D
K|NPUDQOÕTHWPԥlidirlԥU2GXUNL $OPDQL\DLPSHUL\DVÕúԥrq istiqamԥtindԥ - Sovet
5XVL\DVÕQÕQԥUD]LVLKHVDEÕQDVԥrhԥdlԥrinLJHQLúOԥndirmԥlidir.
Qeyd edԥk ki, hԥlԥ NHoPLú ԥsrlԥrdԥ dԥ almanlar belԥ TDSDOÕOÕ÷D
|]QWԥcridliliyԥ meylli idilԥr. Hԥlԥ XI-XII ԥsrlԥrdԥQ $OPDQL\DGD EWQ HWQLN
TUXSODUÕQ HWQLN Vԥrhԥdlԥrlԥ TDSDQPDVÕ RQODUÕQ TDUÕúPDVÕQÕ Yԥ LQWHTUDVL\DVÕQÕ
ROGXTFDoԥtinlԥúGLULUGL%DúTDWD\IDODUÕQ\D\ÕOPDVÕ\HUOLYLOD\ԥtin mԥhvi kimi qԥbul
edilirdi (mԥsԥlԥQVDNVODUÕQúYDWEODUDTDUúÕGDLPLPEDUL]ԥsi). (328, s.38)
NasistlԥULQ LUToLOLN Qԥzԥriyyԥsinԥ J|Uԥ \NVԥk irqԥ mԥnsub olan almanlar
EWQ DúD÷Õ LUTԥ TDUúÕ PEDUL]ԥ aparPDOÕGÕUODU øUTLQ P|YFXGOXT IRUPDVÕQÕ
VD[OD\DQPKDULEԥGLU<NVԥk irq ԥWUDIPKLWGԥn tԥFULGROXQPD÷ÕEDFDUPDOÕGÕU
$úD÷Õ LUTԥ mԥQVXE RODQ VODY\DQODUÕ DULOԥr gԥlԥcԥkdԥ N|Oԥ KDOÕQD VDOPDOÕ
yԥhudi vԥ TDUDoÕODUÕLVԥ tamamilԥ mԥhv etmԥli idilԥr. Odur ki, Almaniyada hԥr bir
yԥKXGLNLúLQLQDGÕQÕQD[ÕUÕQDøVUDLO\D]ÕOÕUGÕ
Eyni zamanda, nasistlԥrԥ J|Uԥ ³\NVԥNLUT´Kԥ\DWLJHQLúOL\ԥ PDOLNROPDOÕGÕU
$OPDQL\D EXQD VDKLE GH\LOGLU 2GXU NL R EX JHQLúOL\L ԥn kԥskin vԥ DPDQVÕ]
VXOODUOD TD]DQPDOÕGÕU 2GXU NL DOPDQ IDúLVWOԥrinin xarici siyasԥtindԥ EDúOÕFD
mԥqsԥG 6RYHW øWWLIDTÕQD TDUúÕ PKDULEԥyԥ EDúOD\ÕE 8UDOD Tԥdԥr hԥ\DWL JHQLúOLN
ԥldԥ etmԥN RQX DPDQVÕ]FDVÕQD DOPDQODúGÕUÕE PVWԥmlԥkԥyԥ oHYLUPԥk idi. (317,
s.39)
Qeyd edԥk ki, nasistlԥULQLUToLOLNQԥzԥriyyԥsinԥ J|Uԥ, hԥm yԥhudilԥr, hԥm dԥ
TDUDoÕODU Yԥ VODY\DQODU ³]ԥrԥrli elementlԥU´ VD\ÕOÕUGÕ ԤOEԥttԥ ki, yԥhudilԥrԥ vԥ
TDUDoÕODUD TDUúÕ PEDUL]ԥ nasistlԥU oQ SUREOHP GR÷XUPXUGX Yԥ istԥnilԥn vaxt
RQODUÕLUTLWRTTXúPDODUDúԥxsi ziddiyyԥtlԥrԥ, tԥúNLOROXQPXúGD÷ÕQWÕODUa cԥlb etmԥk
PPNQ LGL /DNLQ VODY\DQODUOD PEDUL]ԥ EDúTD Yԥziyyԥtdԥ LGL ԤYYԥla,
$OPDQL\DGD VODY\DQODU oR[ D] LGL RQODULQ \DúDGÕ÷Õ yerlԥr isԥ DOPDQODúGÕrÕlmÕúGÕ.
(241, s.291)
6ODY\DQODU $OPDQL\DQÕQ úԥrqindԥ vԥ cԥnub-úԥrqindԥ \DúD\DQ TRQúXODU LGL
Odur ki, nasistlԥr ilk qԥnimԥt olaraq mԥK] VODY\DQODUÕ GúQUGOԥr. Odur ki,
nasistlԥULQ VODY\DQODUÕ DúD÷Õ LUTԥ aid etmԥyi hԥm dԥ RQODUÕQ úԥUT TRQúXODUÕQD
KFXPXoQSVL[RORMLԥVDV\DUDGÕUGÕ
Qeyd edԥk ki, Hitlerin hakimiyyԥWL G|YUQGԥ JHo Gԥ EWQ DOPDQODU Rnun
³LUToLOL\L´WԥVLULDOWÕQDGúPԥPLúGL
ùEKԥVL] NL IDúL]Pԥ \DOQÕ] +LWOHULQ \D[XG QDVLRQDO-sosialistlԥrin problemi
NLPL \R[ NWOԥ SUREOHPL RODUDT ED[PDT OD]ÕPGÕU 1DVLRQDO-sosialistlԥU JHQLú
ketlԥni cԥlb etmԥN oQ LQTLODEL IUD]HRORJL\DGDQ Pԥharԥtlԥ istifadԥ edirdilԥr.
TԥVDGILGH\LOGLNL+LWOHULQEԥ]L\D[ÕQODUÕRQX³DOPDQ/HQLQL´DGODQGÕUÕUGÕ2GXU
ki, sosial-demokrat vԥ mԥrkԥ]oL-OLEHUDOSDUWL\DODUGDQoR[OXVD\GDLQTLODEoÕ ԥhval-
ruhiyyԥli adamlar Hitlerin tԥrԥfinԥ NHoLUGLOԥr.
Nasional-sosialistlԥU |] fԥaliyyԥtlԥrindԥ kommunist tԥEOL÷DWÕ
elementlԥrindԥn mԥharԥtlԥ istifadԥ edirdilԥr. Nasional-sosialistlԥU|]ED\UDTODUÕQÕQ
TXUXOXúXQGDGDEXLQTLODEL[DUDNWHUԥ VWQONYHULUGLOԥU%XKDTGD+LWOHU\D]ÕUGÕ
³%L]LP oQ QDVLRQDO-sosialistlԥU oQ ED\UD÷ÕPÕ] fԥaliyyԥW SURTUDPÕPÕ]Õ ԥks
HWGLULU 4ÕUPÕ]Õ Uԥng ± hԥrԥNDWÕPÕ]ÕQ VRVLDO LGH\DODUÕQÕ LIDGԥ HGLU $÷ Uԥng ±
millԥWoLOLN LGH\DVÕGÕU ;Do LúDUԥsindԥ isԥ arilԥr hԥPLúԥ DQWLVHPLW ROPXú Yԥ olacaq,
arilԥrin vԥ \DUDGÕFÕԥmԥyin qԥlԥbԥVLX÷UXQGDPEDUL]ԥ LGH\DVÕTR\XOPXúGXU
s.117)
Belԥliklԥ, Hitler hakimiyyԥtԥ gԥlmԥzdԥn ԥvvԥO QDVLVW LGH\DODUÕ LOԥ
VLODKODQPÕúWԥKONԥli bir proqrama malik idi.
Hitler 1889-cu ildԥ Avstriya ilԥ sԥrhԥddԥ yerlԥúԥQ /LQWVH úԥhԥrindԥ NLoLN
burjua ailԥsindԥ DQDGDQROPXúGX8úDTOÕTLOOԥrindԥ KHoELUTH\UL-adi keyfiyyԥti ilԥ
VHoLOPLUGL
2Q DOWÕ \DúÕQGD RODUNԥn tԥԥVVIOԥnmԥdԥn orta mԥktԥbi tԥUN HWPLúGL -
1908-ci illԥrdԥ isԥ 9\DQDGDNÕ 7ԥVYLUL øQFԥsԥnԥW $NDGHPL\DVÕQD GD[LO ROD
bilmԥPLúGL 6RQUDGDQ EHú LO R iPSHUL\D SD\WD[WÕ RODQ EX úԥhԥrdԥ ELU QHoԥ dostu
istisna olmaqla, demԥk olar ki, tԥQKD \DúDPÕúGÕ %X PGGԥtdԥ R Noԥlԥrdԥ
gecԥlԥyir, pis tԥsirlԥrԥ GúUKԥUFUԥ kitablar oxuyurdu. 1913-FLOGԥ o, Avstriya
ordusunda xidmԥtdԥQ ER\XQ TDoÕUPDT oQ 0QKHQԥ JHWPLúGL -F LOGԥ isԥ
³KԥddindԥQDUWÕT]ԥLI´ROGX÷XQDJ|Uԥ orduya yararVÕ]VD\PÕúGÕODUV-7)
1914-F LOLQ DYTXVWXQGD $OPDQL\D 5XVL\D\D TDUúÕ PKDULEԥyԥ EDúODGÕ÷ÕQÕ
elan etdikdԥ +LWOHU N|QOO RODUDT RUGX\D \D]ÕOGÕ 3L\DGD DOD\ÕQGD [LGPԥt edԥn
Hitler iki dԥfԥ (Birinci dԥrԥcԥli DԥPLU[DoODLJLGOL\ԥ J|Uԥ fԥrqlԥndi.
0KDULEԥ onun hԥ\DWÕQGD oR[ FLGGL URO R\QDGÕ 6RQUDODU [DWLUԥlԥrindԥ o,
PKDULEԥni hԥ\DWÕQ ԥQ XQXGXOPD] G|YU DGODQGÕUÕUGÕ 2UGXGD [LGPԥt edԥrkԥn
+LWOHULQGQ\DJ|UúԥsasԥQIRUPDODúPÕúGÕ
Sonra Hitler orduda ideoloMLNXUVNHoGL(\QL]DPDQGDRDOPDQWDUL[LQԥ vԥ
DOPDQ úRYLQL]PLQLQ Qԥzԥriyyԥ vԥ tԥFUEԥsinԥ DLG R[XQDQ PKD]LUԥlԥrԥ gedir,
mԥú÷ԥlԥlԥrdԥ LúWLUDN HGLUGL %XUDGD R KԥPoLQLQ GQ\DQÕQ LTWLVDGL VLWXDVL\DVÕ
EROúHYLN LGDUԥVL DOWÕQGD RODQ 5XVL\D %DYDUL\DQÕQ Yԥ Reyxin birliyinԥ aid olan
problemlԥUL |\Uԥnirdi. 1919-FX LOLQ SD\Õ]ÕQGD +LWOHU \HQLFԥ yaranan Alman Fԥhlԥ
3DUWL\DVÕLOԥ ԥlaqԥyԥ girdi vԥ hԥmin vaxtdan siyasԥtlԥ VÕ[ED÷OÕOÕ÷ÕEDúODGÕ.
%X G|YUGԥ +LWOHU 0QKHQLQ SLYԥ EDUODUÕQGD SRSXOL]Pԥ vԥ demaqogiyaya
V|\kԥnԥn natiqliyi ilԥ DUWÕT PԥúKXU LGL 2QXQ ILNLUOԥri hԥPLQ YD[W 0QKHQԥ D[ÕE
GROXúDQ SDQDOPDQoÕ ED[ÕúOÕ LUToL-millԥWoL TUXSODUÕQ LGH\DODUÕ LOԥ VW-VWԥ GúUG
Elԥ hԥPLQ YD[WGDQR9HUVDO PTDYLOԥsi ԥleyhinԥ ilkin tԥEOL÷DWDSDUPD÷DEDúODGÕ
+LWOHU EDúTD SDQDOPDQoÕODU NLPL LWLULOPLú PVWԥmlԥkԥlԥULQ TD\WDUÕOPDVÕQÕ Yԥ
Almaniya ilԥ $YVWUL\DQÕQELUOԥúGLULOPԥsini tԥlԥb edirdi. Onun nԥzԥrincԥDOPDQODUÕQ
EDúOÕFD GúPԥnlԥri Rusiya deyil, Fransa vԥ øQJLOWԥrԥdir. Yԥhudilԥrԥ isԥ maliyyԥ
NDSLWDOÕQÕQDJHQWOԥri kimi baxÕUGÕODU
Hitlerin yԥhudilԥrԥ mԥQIL PQDVLEԥWLQLQIRUPDODúPDVÕQGDGLJԥU PWDOLԥlԥri
ilԥ \DQDúÕ%DYDUL\DúDLUL'LWUL[(NKDUWÕQEDOWLNDDOPDQÕ0DNV(UYLQYRQù|\QHU-
Rixterin vԥ Alfred Rozenberqin tԥVLUL YDUGÕ (NKDUG |] IԥlsԥfԥVLQL ³Tԥlbsiz
yԥKXGLoLOLNOԥ´PEDUL]ԥdԥ J|UUG5R]HQEHUTYԥ ù|\QHU5L[WHULVԥ Hitlerdԥ ³UXV
EROúHYLN\ԥKXGLoLOL\LÍLNULQL\DUDGÕUGÕODU1DVLVWOԥULQLONLQLGH\DODUÕQGD5XVL\DYԥ
EROúHYL]P ԥhԥmiyyԥWOL URO R\QDPDVD GD 5R]HQEHUT +LWOHUL VD[WD ³6LRQ
PGULNOԥULQLQ SURWRNROODUÕ´QGD TR\XOPXú PXPGQ\D \ԥhudi qԥVGLQLQ´ GHWDOODUÕ
ilԥ WDQÕúHWPLúGLV
Mԥhz bu fikirlԥU+LWOHULQ|]Qԥmԥ[VXVLGHRORJL\DVÕQÕQIRUPDODúPDVÕQDWԥsir
J|VWԥUGL g]QQ \D]GÕ÷Õ ³0ԥQLP PEDUL]ԥP´ NLWDEÕQGDNÕ ³\ԥKXGL EROúHYL]PL´
ifadԥVLDUWÕT $OPDQL\DQÕQ ³Kԥyati JHQLúOL\L Pԥqsԥdi ilԥ´6RYHWøWWLIDTÕQÕGD÷ÕWPDT
mԥQDVÕQÕNԥsb edirdi.
+LWOHULQ EROúHYL]Pԥ vԥ yԥKXGLoLOL\ԥ PQDVLEԥti onun siyasԥtindԥ PKP
yer tuturdu. Hԥlԥ 1920-FLLOLQ\D\ÕQGDRoR[OXQPXQԥlԥrlԥ EROúHYL]PLQ5XVL\D\D
faciԥvi tԥsirini qeyd edirdi. HԥmiQLOLQL\XOXQGDREROúHYL]PPDUNVL]PDGÕDOWÕQGD
6RYHW 5XVL\DVÕQÕ \ԥhudilԥULQ DPDQVÕ]FDVÕQD LGDUԥ etmԥsindԥQ GDQÕúÕU 6RVLDO-
GHPRNUDWL\DQÕQ$OPDQL\D\D\ROXQXQVDOÕQPDVÕQÕTH\GHGLUGLV
1922-ci ilԥ qԥdԥUNL oÕ[ÕúODUÕQGD +LWOHU EROúHYLN 5XVL\DVÕna mԥnfi
PQDVLEԥtini tez-WH] KLVV HGLUGL 2 LNL LGHRORJL\DQÕQ ± idealizm vԥ materializm
DUDVÕQGD JHGԥQ PEDUL]ԥni xeyirin vԥ úԥULQ DSDUGÕ÷Õ PEDUL]ԥ kimi qԥbul edir,
DOPDQ [DOTÕQÕQ PLVVL\DVÕQÕ [H\LULQ JF LOԥ EROúHYL]Pԥ vԥ |OPFO GúPԥnԥ -
yԥKXGLoLOL\ԥ TDUúÕPEDUL]ԥdԥ J|UUG
HԥPLQ LOLQ RNW\DEUÕQGD LVԥ Hitler hԥ\DW X÷UXQGD PEDUL]ԥdԥn yox, iki
GQ\DJ|UúQQDUDVÕQGDNÕ|OPGԥQ\D]ÕUGÕ*|VWԥULUGLNLEXPEDUL]ԥdԥ ya qalib
gԥlmԥk, ya da hԥODN ROPDT OD]ÕPGÕU %X ILNLUOԥULQ GR÷UXOX÷XQX 5XVL\DQÕQ
QPXQԥsindԥ J|UPԥN PPNQGU +LWOHU \D]ÕUGÕ ³0DUNVLVW LGH\DQÕQ Tԥlԥbԥsi
rԥqiblԥrin tam mԥKYROPDVÕGHPԥNGLU$OPDQL\DQÕQEROúHYLNOԥúGLULOPԥsi isԥ EWQ
xristian-qԥrb mԥdԥniyyԥtinin mԥhvi demԥNGLU´V
Qeyd edԥk ki, nasistlԥrin tԥEOL÷DWÕQGD DúD÷ÕGDNÕ úDUODUD LON YD[WODUGD
VWQONYHULOLUGL³0DUNVL]PLQPԥKYL´³9HUVDOPTDYLOԥVLQLQGD÷ÕGÕOPDVÕ´
³5XVL\DQÕQ DOÕQPDVÕ´ ³'D[LOL LFWLPDL WԥKONԥsizliyin tԥPLQDWÕ´; 5)
³$OPDQL\DQÕQYԥ EWQDOPDQODUÕQ³PLOOLQIX]X´QXQEԥUSDVÕ´V
HitlHU VRQUDODU GD |] oÕ[ÕúODUÕQGD PVDKLEԥlԥrindԥ marksizmԥ nifrԥtini
gizlԥtmirdi. Mԥsԥlԥn, 1931-ci ildԥ Breytinqdԥ ³/H\SVLTLQVRQ[ԥbԥrlԥUL´Tԥzetinin
redaktoru ilԥ V|KEԥtindԥ GHPLúGL ³0DUNVL]P N|NQGԥQ TRSDUÕOPDOÕGÕU 2
EROúHYL]PLQ Pԥnbԥ\LGLU <DOQÕ] EL] EX GúPԥndԥn hԥODN RODQ LQVDQODUÕ [LODV HGԥ
bilԥULN´V
Nasizmin mԥQDVÕQÕ L]DK HGԥrkԥQ (UQVW 1ROWH J|VWԥrirdi ki, bu ideya hԥr
úH\Gԥn ԥvvԥl sosial-kommunist hԥrԥNDWÕ LOԥ PԥyyԥnlԥúLU +LWOHU ³0ԥnim
PEDUL]ԥP´ ԥsԥrindԥ J|VWԥrirdi ki, onun yaratGÕ÷Õ Kԥrԥkat marksist vԥ EROúHYLN
hԥrԥNDWÕQÕQ ԥks tԥrԥfidir. YԥQLE EXUGD VLQIL PEDUL]ԥ LUTL PEDUL]ԥ ilԥ ԥvԥz
HGLOPLúGLU V $OPDQ ILORVRIODUÕQÕQ ³Qԥhԥng spekulyativ biliklԥUL´QL
mԥnimsԥyԥQ0DUNVRQD\HQLELUJFYHUGLGQ\DQÕDQODWPDT ԥvԥzinԥ, SUROHWDULDWÕ
PYDILT Iԥlsԥfi tԥlimlԥrlԥ VLODKODQGÕUÕE RQX Gԥ\LúPԥyԥ oDOÕúGÕ %XUDGD SHúԥkar
LQTLODEoÕ /HQLQ GDKD GD LUԥOL JHWGL 5XV [DOTODUÕQÕQ ILNLUOԥrinԥ ԥsasԥn Lenin
J|VWԥULUGL NL R ELU TUXS EROúHYLN Kԥmfikri ilԥ birgԥ NDSLWDOLVW LQNLúDI Pԥrhԥlԥsini
NHoLE oDU 5XVL\DVÕQÕ VRVLDOL]Pԥ oDWGÕUD ELOԥr. Sonra sԥhnԥdԥ J|UQԥn Hitler
EROúHYLNOԥULQ LGHRORJL\DVÕQÕ LQNDU HGԥrԥk, hakimiyyԥW VLODKÕQÕ ԥlԥ NHoLULE EDúTD
LGHRORJL\DQÕLUԥOLVUG
%LULQFL 'Q\D KԥrbindԥQ VRQUD oH[ PԥQúԥli, almandilli sosioloq Karl
PriaEUDP \D]ÕUGÕ ³%X JQ $OPDQL\DGD LON ED[ÕúGD ROGXTFD KH\UDQHGLFL ELU
vԥziyyԥW PúDKLGԥ ROXQXU´ V . 3ULDEUDP J|VWԥrirdi ki, alman
nasionalizmi vԥ alman sosializmi marksist sosializmi mԥQDVÕQGD ELU-birinԥ R[úDU
LGHRORJL\DODUGÕU Nasionalizm vԥ sosializm ± hԥr ikisi fԥrdi vԥ NDSLWDOLVW |]O
ԥVDVÕQGD GLUoԥOPLúGLU Yԥ hԥU LNLVL Pԥyyԥn birliyԥ - millԥtԥ vԥ ictimai sinfԥ
EXUD[ÕOÕúDOPD÷DoDOÕúÕUODUV
+LWOHU ³0ԥQLP PEDUL]ԥP´ ԥsԥrindԥ |]QQ QDVLRQDO-sosialist fikirlԥrinin
IRUPDODúPDVÕQGD SDQDOPDQLVW DQWLVHPLVW ù|\QHULQ Yԥ sosial-xristian Lyuterin
tԥsirlԥrinin dԥ ROGX÷XQX J|VWԥrirdi. (268, s. 161) Belԥliklԥ, Hitlerin nasionalist
fikirlԥULQLQ0DUNVÕQVRVLDOL]PLGH\DVÕLOԥ WDP\D[ÕQOÕ÷ÕQÕJ|UGN6RVLDOL]PEXUMXD
fԥrdinin varisidir, nasizm isԥ PDUNVLVWLGHRORJL\DVÕQÕQԥNVP|YFXGOX÷XGXU
øVWԥr sosializmdԥ, istԥr nasizmdԥ ³NROOHNWLY GúQFԥ´ ³NROOHNWLY úXU´
elementlԥUL JFO úԥkildԥ J|UQPԥkdԥGLU )UDQVÕ] VRVLRORTX 'UNKH\P Pԥyyԥn
bir cԥmiyyԥWLQ PXPL ILNULQL LIDGԥ etmԥN oQ ³NROOHNWLY úXU´GDQ ³NROOHNWLY
GúQFԥ´GԥQ GDQÕúÕUGÕ 2QXQ EX ILNLUOԥri anqlo-sakson empriklԥrindԥ suallar
GR÷XUVD GD PԥsԥlԥQ ³6L] Noԥdԥ NROOHNWLY GúQFԥ ilԥ UDVWODúPÕVÕQÕ]PÕ"´
³+DPÕQÕQ KDPÕ\D TDUúÕ PEDUL]ԥVL´Qԥ inanan Hitler kollektiv sosial mԥzmun
DQOD\ÕúÕQDúEKԥsiz ki, diqqԥt yetirirdi. (268, s. 178)
Qeyd edԥN NL |]QQ PDUNVLVW VLQIL ԥvԥzlԥmԥ IXQNVL\DVÕ UROXQGD +LWOHULQ
LUToLOL\L QLVEԥtԥn zԥLI J|UQUG dQNL +LWOHU LUToLOL\L DGDPODUÕ \DOQÕ] ELU \HUԥ
WRSODúPD÷D PԥFEXU HGLUGL <DOQÕ] Iԥal irqi nԥzԥriyyԥ olan antisemitizm alman
ԥhalisini bir yerԥ toplaya bilԥrdi. Bu mԥQDGD 5DXWQLQT J|VWԥrirdi ki, yԥhudilԥr
Hitlerԥ PWOԥT OD]ÕP LGL <ԥQL R |] LUDGԥsini daima yԥhudilԥrin iradԥsinԥ TDUúÕ
qoyurdu. O, yԥhudilԥrdԥ GD÷ÕGÕFÕOÕ÷ÕQDSDUÕFÕVÕQÕYԥ PDVLUOLNGԥ nifrԥt etdiyi fԥrdin
GDúÕ\ÕFÕVÕ RODQ KԥU úH\L ± demokratik eqalitarizmi, marksist vԥ EROúHYLN
LQTLODEODUÕQÕJ|UUG
Qeyd edԥN NL QDVLVW LGHRORTODUÕ LUTL QԥzԥriyyԥdԥQ \DOQÕ] NWOԥyԥ tԥsir
vasitԥsi kimi yox, eyni zamanda tԥEOL÷DW DOԥti kimi dԥ istifadԥ edirdilԥr. Bununla
\DQDúÕQDVLVWOԥr irqi nԥzԥriyyԥni hԥm dԥ VL\DVLDNVL\DODUÕQNHoLULOPԥsindԥ dԥ vasitԥ
VD\ÕUGÕODU 0ԥsԥlԥQ QDVLVW K|NPԥtinin 1933-F LOLQ L\XOXQGD TԥEXO HWGL\L ³øUVL
xԥstԥliklԥrin nԥsillԥrԥ |WUOPԥVLQLQ GD\DQGÕUÕOPDVÕ KDTTÕQGD TDQXQ´ PDOLFԥ
olunmayan vԥ hԥU úH\Gԥn ԥvvԥl psixi xԥstԥliklԥrin mԥhv edilmԥVL oQ ³KTXTL
ED]D´ \DUDWGÕ V ùEKԥVL] NL EX DGGÕPOD QDVLVWOԥU KHo Gԥ tԥEOL÷DW
mԥqsԥGLJGPUGOԥr.
øULTVHoLPSUREOHPLQԥ +LPPOHU[VXVL ԥhԥmiyyԥW YHULUGL ;VXVԥn o, belԥ
PԥssisԥlԥrdԥQ ELUL RODQ ³/HEHQFERUQ´XQ ³+ԥyat mԥnbԥ\L´ IԥaliyyԥWLQL \NVԥk
qiymԥtlԥndirirdi. Bu tԥúNLODWÕQEDúOÕFDYԥzifsi nigahdan kԥQDU³\NVԥk keyfiyyԥWOL´
oR[OX XúDTODUÕQ GQ\D\D Jԥlmԥsinԥ tԥVLU J|VWԥrmԥk idi. TԥúNLODW KԥPLQ XúDTODUÕQ
EWQVD[ODQPDYԥ tԥrbiyԥ olunma xԥrclԥULQL|]]ԥrinԥ J|WUPúG%HOԥ DULLUTÕ
mԥQVXE XúDTODUÕQ GQ\D\D Jԥlmԥsindԥ VXED\ TDGÕQODUGDQ LVWLIDGԥ olunurdu.
*PDQ HGLOLUGL NL PKDULEԥdԥQ VRQUD Pԥssisԥ |] IԥaliyyԥWLQL GDKD JHQLú
miqyasda davam etdirԥcԥN%XLúLQWDPKԥ\DWDNHoLULOPԥVLoQRWX]\DúÕQDTԥdԥr
olan hԥUELUTDGÕQÕQH\QL]DPDQGDVXED\K|NPԥtԥ ELUXúDTYHUPԥsini tԥmin edԥn
TDQXQKD]ÕUODQPDVÕGDQԥzԥrdԥ tutulurdu. (241, s. 292)
Bundan ԥlavԥ 66 VÕUDODUÕQD GD[LO HGLOԥnlԥU FLGGL LUTL VHoLPOԥ ]OԥúLUGLOԥr.
HԥU úH\Gԥn ԥvvԥl onlardan tԥmiz irqi mԥQVXEOX÷X KDTTÕQGD Vԥnԥd tԥlԥb olunur,
sonra isԥ antropoloji VHoLPNHoLULOLUGL%XLúLQ\NVԥk tԥPLQROXQPDVÕoQ[VXVL
³1DSRODV´LQWHUQDWPԥktԥblԥU\DUDGÕOPÕúGÕQDVLRQDO-sosialist tԥrbiyԥ Pԥssisԥlԥri).
NasistlԥULQ \DOQÕ] LUTԥ deyil, dinԥ PQDVLEԥtlԥrindԥ dԥ fԥUTOL \DQDúPDODU
YDUGÕ øONLQ YD[WODUGD QDVLVW QԥzԥriyyԥoLOԥri kilsԥyԥ TDUúÕ GD PEDUL]ԥ DSDUÕUGÕODU
Bununla ԥlaqԥdar nasional-sosialist ԥdԥbiyyatda dinԥ vԥ kilsԥyԥ TDUúÕ JHQLú
PEDUL]ԥ NDPSDQL\DVÕEDúODPÕúGÕ Nasist nԥzԥriyyԥoLOԥrindԥn biri olan, Frankfurt-
0D\QGDNÕ+|WH8QLYHUVLWHWLQLQUHNWRUX(.ULN\D]ÕUGÕ³øVWԥnilԥQGLQ|]Pԥnbԥyini
$VL\DGDQ J|WUU 2GXU NL EL]LP [DUDNWHULPL]ԥ vԥ GúQFԥmizԥ GLQ \DGGÕU
$OPDQODUÕQ[DUDNWHULQԥ vԥ taleyinԥ \DOQÕ]$OODKDYԥ taleyԥ FDQOÕLQDPX\÷XQJԥlir.
øQDPLUDGԥ vԥ JFP|KNԥmlԥndirir, din isԥ iradԥ vԥ JFGD÷ÕGÕU'LQEL]LPLUTԥ
\DGGÕUøQDPLUDGԥJFLVԥ VD÷ODPOÕTDPLOOԥULGLU´V
*FO G|YOԥW NRQVHSVL\DVÕ Qԥzԥriyyԥsini ԥVDVODQGÕUPDT oQ QDVLVW
ideoloqlar tԥEOL÷DW mԥqsԥdlL ³G|YOԥtin orqanizm nԥzԥriyyԥVL´QL PGDILԥ edirdilԥr.
Bu nԥzԥriyyԥyԥ X\÷XQRODUDTFԥmiyyԥWELUG|YOԥWRODUDTEWQJ|UQúQGԥ FDQOÕ
RUTDQL]PL[DWÕUODGÕU%XRUTDQL]PGԥ D\UÕFDLQVDQRQXQԥsas hissԥlԥrini tԥúNLOHGLU
(241, s.298)
6LQIL PEDUL]ԥni inkar edԥQ IDúL]P PLOOԥtin daxili birliyi prinsipini ԥsas
J|WUUEXELUOL\LQ\DOQÕ]RUTDQL]PKDOÕQGDP|YFXGOX÷XQXPPNQVD\ÕUGÕ
Belԥliklԥ, Hitlerin sonda gԥOGL\L ILNLU EX LGL KDPÕQÕQ KDPÕ\D TDUúÕ
PEDUL]ԥsi. Hitlerin insan hԥ\DWÕ GúQFԥlԥri bu dairԥdԥ PXPLlԥúLUGL Kԥyat
X÷UXQGD PEDUL]ԥ PDUDT X÷UXQGD PEDUL]ԥ. Hitler bu fikirlԥULQL ³0ԥnim
PEDUL]ԥP´ ԥsԥrindԥ belԥ ifadԥ HGLUGL ³0EDUL]ԥ LGH\DVÕ Kԥ\DWÕQ |] NLPL
qԥGLPGLU%XPEDUL]ԥdԥ ԥQJFOYԥ ԥn cԥsur adamlar ԥn zԥiflԥU]ԥrindԥ qԥlԥbԥ
oDOÕUODU0EDULzԥ hԥUúH\LQ\DUDGDQÕGÕU2GXUNLLQVDQOÕ÷ÕQSULQVLSOԥrinԥ tԥúԥNNU
etmԥԥGQ LQVDQ \DúD\ÕE DPDQVÕ] PEDUL]ԥ vasitԥsi ilԥ heyvanlar alԥPLQL VWԥlԥyԥ
bilԥr. (382, s.24)
$UWÕTEXV|]Oԥri demԥN PPNQLGLNL QDVLVWSDUWL\DVÕQÕQEDúOÕFDPԥqsԥdi
PDUNVLVW GQ\DJ|UúQ Pԥhv etmԥkdԥn ibarԥt idi. 1922-ci ildԥ isԥ hitlerin
GQ\DJ|UúKԥ\DWX÷UXQGDPEDUL]ԥyԥ \R[³\ԥKXGLEROúHYL]PL´QLPԥhv etmԥk,
GD÷ÕWPDT OD]ÕP LGL -ci ilԥ qԥdԥUNL oÕ[ÕúODUÕQGD +LWOHULQ 6RYHW 5XVL\DVÕQD
PQDVLEԥti birmԥQDOÕ GD GH\LOGL 2QXQ LNLOL ED[ÕúODUÕQGD JDK 5XVL\DQÕQ ³PLOOL´
[DOTÕQD \D[úÕ PQDVLEԥW JDK GD ³\ԥhudi-EROúHYLN´ K|NPԥtinԥ mԥQIL PQDVLEԥt
KLVV ROXQXUGX (\QL ]DPDQGD R EROúHYLN ROPD\DQ 5XVL\D ilԥ %ULWDQL\D\D TDUúÕ
UD]ÕODúPD\D PH\llԥnirdi. Bԥ]L V|KEԥtlԥrindԥ isԥ J|VWԥrirdi ki, o, Britaniya ilԥ
rԥqabԥt siyasԥtindԥQ ELU úԥrtlԥ X]DTODúDU NL %ULWDQL\D RQXQ 5XVL\D\D RODQ ԥrazi
siyasԥtini dԥstԥklԥsin.
Onun fikrincԥ$OPDQL\D%ULWDQL\DQÕQPDUDTODUÕQDWR[XQPD\DQNRQWLQHQWDO
siyasԥtԥ KD]ÕU ROPDOÕGÕU 0ԥK] øQJLOWԥrԥQLQ N|Pԥyi ilԥ Rusiya ԥlԥ NHoLUPԥlidir.
Rusiya alman sakinlԥri vԥ nԥhԥng alman sԥQD\HVLoQJHQLúWRUSDTODUD\ÕUPDOÕGÕU
Ԥslindԥ ³0ԥQLP PEDUL]ԥP´ NLWDEÕQÕQ \D]ÕOPDVÕQD Kԥlԥ LNL LO TDOPÕú
Hitlerin mԥqsԥdi vԥ fikirlԥULIRUPDODúPÕúGÕ+LWOHULQPԥqsԥGLQLoLVWLTDPԥtdԥ belԥ
PXPLOԥúGLUPԥN PPNQ LGL 'Q\D \ԥKXGLOL\L JFQQ GD÷ÕGÕOPDVÕ X÷UXQGD
PEDUL]ԥ; 2) Marksizmԥ TDUúÕ PEDUL]ԥ $OPDQL\D oQ 5uVL\DQÕQ KHVDEÕQD
³Kԥ\DWLJHQLúOLN´X÷UXQGDPEDUL]ԥ.
+LWOHU ³0ԥQLP PEDUL]ԥP´ NLWDEÕQÕQ VRQ Iԥsillԥrindԥ \D]ÕUGÕ NL
Almaniyaya lD]ÕP RODQ WRUSDTODU PԥK] 5XVL\DGDGÕU RUDGD ³\ԥKXGL EROúHYL]PL´
5XVL\DQÕ ]ԥiflԥWPLúGLU Yԥ R XoXE-GD÷ÕOPD÷D KD]ÕUGÕU 2 \D]ÕUGÕ ³<ԥhudilԥrin
5XVL\DQÕ LGDUԥ etmԥyinԥ VRQ TR\XOPDVÕ LOԥ 5XVL\DQÕQ ELU G|YOԥW NLPL D[ÕUÕ
RODFDTGÕU´ V $OPDQ [DOTÕQÕQ vԥ DOPDQ G|YOԥWLQLQ EDúOÕFD Yԥzifԥsi
JFQWRSOD\ÕE³\ԥKXGLEROúHYL]PL´QLPԥhv etmԥkdir. HԥPLQLúLLVԥ \DOQÕ]|]Q
bu mԥqsԥdԥ hԥVUHWPLúGDKLELUúԥxs yerinԥ yetirԥ bilԥUdHYULOLúOԥ ED÷OÕ/DQGVEHUT
TDODVÕQGDEHúLOOLNKԥEVPGGԥWLQLQGRTTX]D\ÕQÕ\DWÕEazad olduqdan sonra Hitler,
hԥPLQGDKLOLGHUUROXQGD|]QJ|UUG
Qeyd edԥN NL +LWOHU |]QQ LONLQ IԥaliyyԥWL G|YUQGԥQ Pԥyyԥn
keyfiyyԥtlԥri ilԥ oR[ODUÕQÕQUԥ÷EԥWLQLTD]DQDELOPLúGL2QXQ\D[ÕQVLODKGDúODUÕQGDQ
RODQ 5XGROI 4HVV J|VWԥULUGL NL DGDPODUÕ nԥ isԥ mԥcbur edib Hitlerin tԥVLUL DOWÕQD
VDOÕUGÕ 0ԥsԥlԥn, o, Landsberq hԥbsindԥ +LWOHULQ ELU úԥxsiyyԥW NLPL E|\N
ԥhԥmiyyԥWLROGX÷XQXGԥUNHWPLúGL
Alfred Rozenberq isԥ nyurenberq prosesindԥ GDQÕúÕUGÕNLR+LWOHULQGԥmir
iradԥVL\DUDGÕFÕJF|]LQWHOlektual sԥviyyԥVLQLGDLPDDUWÕUPDVÕLOԥ heyrԥtlԥnir vԥ
RQXQDVLVWSDUWL\DVÕQÕQ\DUDGÕFÕVÕNLPLTԥbul edirdi.
øR]HI *|EEHOV LVԥ ³0ԥQLP PEDUL]ԥP´ NLWDEÕQÕ R[XGXTGDQ VRQUD
VRUXúPXúGX ³.LPGLU EX DGDP" <DUÕPDOODK ;ULVWRV Kԥqiqԥti, yaxud ancaq
0TԥddԥV øRKDQ"´ 9ԥ mԥhz bundan sonra o, 1926-FÕ LOLQ DSUHOLQGԥ |]
JQGԥliyindԥ \D]PÕúGÕ³+LWOHUPԥn Sizi sevirԥP´V
³+LWOHU\XTHQG´ WԥúNLODWÕQÕQ VRQUDODU OLGHUL ROPXú %DOGXU IRQ ùLUDN
[DWÕUOD\ÕUGÕNLLONGԥfԥ 1925-ci ildԥ onun sԥVLQLHúLGLEKH\Uԥtԥ gԥlmiúGLøQDQPÕúGÕ
ki, $OPDQL\DQÕPԥhz Hitler xilas edԥcԥkdir.
German Gerinq isԥ \D]ÕUGÕ NL +LWOHU RQXQ oQ YLFGDQGÕU 2 +LWOHUGԥ
³QDGLU ԥlaqԥ... mԥQWLTL ILNLU GúQFԥsi, dԥrin fԥlsԥfԥdԥ vԥ fԥaliyyԥtdԥ olan dԥmir
DGDP´[DUDNWHULJ|UUGV
Hitler |] \NVԥN EDFDUÕ÷Õ LOԥ TÕVD ELU ]DPDQGD Jԥnc Milli-Sosialist Alman
Fԥhlԥ 3DUWL\DVÕQÕQ -FL LOLQ IHYUDOÕQGD $OPDQ )ԥhlԥ 3DUWL\DVÕ |] DGÕQÕ
dԥ\LúPLúGL DSDUÕFÕ QDWLTLQԥ oHYULOGL -FL LOLQ IHYUDOÕQ -dԥ isԥ R |]QQ
redaktԥ HWGL\L ]ԥrindԥ dԥfԥlԥrlԥ LúOԥ\LE KD]ÕUODGÕ÷Õ 3DUWL\D 3URTUDPÕQÕ elan etdi.
Hitlerin mԥQVXE ROGX÷X SDUWL\DQÕQ GD VÕUDODUÕ JHQLúOԥnirdi. 1919-cu ilin
VHQW\DEUÕQGD-FLDGDPNLPLGD[LOROGX÷XSDUWL\DQÕQ]YOԥULQLQVD\Õ-ci ildԥ
2000-nԥ, 1921-ci ildԥ isԥ 3300-ԥ oDWGÕ
Qeyd edԥk ki, Hitlerin vԥ RQXQEDúoÕOÕTHWGL\LQDVLVWSDUWL\DVÕQÕQQIX]XQXQ
getdikcԥ DUWPDVÕQGD 9HUVDO PTDYLOԥsinin Almaniya tԥrԥfindԥn qԥEXO HGLOPLú
úԥrtlԥri dԥ D] URO R\QDPÕUGÕ -cu ilin iyunun 28-dԥ Fransada ± Versalda
Amerika BirlԥúPLúùWDWODUÕ%|\N%ULWDQL\DøWDOL\D<DSRQL\DYԥ digԥUG|YOԥtlԥrin
LP]DODGÕ÷Õ $OPDQL\DQÕQ WԥVOLPoLOL\L Vԥnԥdi 1920-FL LOLQ \DQYDUÕQ -da Almaniya
vԥ G|UGPWWԥILTG|YOԥt ± %|\N%ULWDQL\D)UDQVDøWDOL\DYԥ Yaponiya ratifikasiya
etdikdԥQVRQUDTYYԥyԥ mindi. (238, s.25)
VeUVDOPTDYLOԥsinԥ J|Uԥ$OPDQL\D|]QQELUVÕUDԥrazisindԥn vԥ ona aid
RODQ PVWԥmlԥkԥlԥrdԥn mԥhrum edilir vԥ hԥmin yerlԥU VRQUDGDQ TDOLE G|YOԥtlԥr
DUDVÕQGD E|OQUG $OPDQL\D G|YOԥtinԥ 100 mindԥQ DUWÕT TXUX TRúXQODUÕ
VD[ODPD÷D LFD]ԥ YHULOPLUGL 0WOԥq hԥrbi xidmԥt lԥ÷Y ROXQXU Kԥrbi-dԥniz
GRQDQPDVÕQÕQ E|\N KLVVԥsi qaliblԥrԥ YHULOLUGL $OPDQL\D PKDULEԥ ]DPDQÕ
$QWDQWD|ONԥlԥULQLQK|NPԥtlԥrinԥ vԥ D\UÕ-D\UÕYԥtԥQGDúODUÕQDGԥyԥn zԥrԥUL|Gԥmԥk
|KGԥliyini dԥ ]ԥrinԥ J|WUUG
Qeyd edԥk ki, dԥyԥn zԥrԥrin dԥ PLTGDUÕROGXTFD\NVԥk idi. Hԥtta fantastik
rԥqԥmlԥr ± WULO\RQ TÕ]ÕO IUDQN Vԥslԥnirdi. Lakin XX]QPGGԥtli
diskussiyalardan sonra tԥxmini 325 milyard frank rԥqԥPLUD]ÕODúGÕUÕOPD÷DEDúODQGÕ
Mԥsԥlԥ belԥ hԥll olundu: 1921-FLLOLQPD\ÕQ-nԥ qԥdԥr AlPDQL\DPLO\DUGTÕ]ÕO
PDUNDQÕ SXO IRUPDVÕQGD \D[XG GD QDWXUD KDOÕQGD |GԥmԥOLGLU 1DWXUD KDOÕQGD
|Gԥmԥlԥrdԥ N|PU KH\YDQGDUOÕT JԥlirlԥU PDúÕQODU LVWHKVDO DOԥtlԥri vԥ P[Wԥlif
ԥú\DODUKԥrԥkԥt ԥPODNÕQԥzԥrdԥ tutulurdu. (317, s.54)
9HUVDO PTDYLOԥVL úԥrtlԥrinԥ J|Uԥ ùԥUTL 3UXVVL\D $OPDQL\DQÕQ TDODQ
hissԥsindԥQ D\UÕOÕUGÕ $OPDQL\D (O]DVÕ Yԥ /RWDULQJL\DQÕ Fransaya, Eypen vԥ
Malmedi vilayԥtlԥULQL %HOoLND\D úLPDOL ùOH]YLQTDQÕ 'DQLPDUND\D 3R]QDQ
vilayԥtini isԥ 3ROúD\D YHULUGL V 5H\Q oD\ÕQÕQ VDKLOi boyu
VLODKVÕ]ODúGÕUÕOPÕú ԥUD]L VD\ÕOÕUGÕ 0TDYLOԥ ԥVDVÕQGD $OPDQL\DQÕQ IDL] ԥhalisi
daxil olamqla 12,7 fazi ԥUD]LVLQLDOÕE)UDQVD\D%HOoLND\D'DQLPDUND\D3ROúD\D
dH[RVORYDNL\D Yԥ Litvaya verdilԥr. Bundan ԥlavԥ R EWQ ùԥrqi vԥ Cԥnub-qԥrbi
AfrikDGDNÕ PVWԥmlԥkԥlԥrini itirdi. Asiyada Kamerunu vԥ Toqonu, Avstraliyada
ԥhalisi 12,3 milyon olan 3 milyon kv m-lik ԥUD]LQL%|\N %ULWDQL\D\D)UDQVD\D
%HOoLND Yԥ <DSRQL\D\D YHUGL 'DQVLT D]DG úԥhԥr oldu vԥ bu dԥhlizlԥ 3ROúDQÕQ
dԥnizԥ oÕ[ÕúÕWԥmin edildi. Eyni zamanda, Versalda MillԥtlԥU/LTDVÕWԥsis olundu.
*|UQG\ NLPL 9HUVDO PTDYLOԥVL $OPDQL\DQÕ GD oR[ D÷ÕU Yԥziyyԥtԥ
VDOPÕúGÕ %DúGD+LWOHUROPDTODQDVLVWOԥU9HUVDO PTDYLOԥVLQLQ úԥrtlԥri 1921-ci ilin
\DQYDUÕQ -da elan edildikdԥQ VRQUD IHYUDOÕQ -dԥ 0QKHQLQ ³.URQH´ VLUNLQGԥ
etiraz mitinqi tԥúNLO HWGLOԥU $[úDP VDDW -dԥ DOWÕPLQOLN ]DO DGDPODUOD GROPXúGX
+LWOHULQ ³.URQH´ VLUNLQGԥNL LNL VDDWOÕT oÕ[ÕúÕ ³*ԥlԥcԥN \D[XG |OP´ DGODQÕUGÕ
+LWOHULQ oÕ[ÕúÕ oR[ E|\N PDUD÷D Vԥbԥb oldu. MԥK] EX oÕ[ÕúGDQ VRQUD onu yeni
OLGHUNLPL0QKHQLQPKDIL]ԥNDUODUÕYԥ ekstremistlԥri dԥ etiraf etdilԥr.
$PHULNDQÕQ %HUOLQGԥki hԥUEL DWWDúHVLQLQ QPD\ԥndԥsi T.Smit elԥ hԥmin
illԥrdԥ Hitlerlԥ J|UúQGԥQ VRQUD \D]ÕUGÕ ³$÷ODVÕ÷PD\DQ GHPDTRTGXU 0ԥn bu
vaxta kimi belԥ inadkar vԥ faQDWLN DGDP HúLWPԥPLúԥm... Hitler alman siyasԥtindԥ
ԥhԥmiyyԥtli amildir. O, nԥ istԥGL\LQLELOLU´V-56)
$%ù-ÕQ %HUOLQGԥki sԥfiri Robbins 1922-FL LO GHNDEUÕQ -dԥ 9DúLQTWRQD
J|QGԥrdiyi mԥNWXEGD\D]ÕUGÕ³+LWOHUJԥQF$YVWUL\DIHOGIHEHOLGLUPKDULEԥ ]DPDQÕ
DOPDQ RUGXVXQGD YXUXúPXúGXU LQGL LVԥ IDúLVW KԥrԥNDWÕQD Uԥhbԥrlik edir.
0XVVROLQLQLQ NHoGL\L \ROX \DYDú-\DYDú R GD JHGLU 2 GD 0XVVROLQL NLPL
sԥQD\HoLOԥrdԥQoR[OXSXODOÕU´V
+LWOHULQ QIX]X JHWGLNFԥ DUWÕUGÕ 2 $OPDQL\DQÕQ D÷ÕU Yԥziyyԥtindԥn,
problemlԥrindԥQ GDQÕúDUDT PEDUL]ԥVLQL JFOԥQGLULU OLGHUL ROGX÷X QDVLVW
SDUWL\DVÕQÕQ WԥúNLODW VWUXNWXUODUÕQÕ JHQLúOԥQGLULUGL $UWÕT -FX LOLQ VHoNLOԥrindԥ
nasistlԥU LON X÷XUODU ԥldԥ etdilԥr vԥ SDUWL\DQÕ oR[ ]DPDQ ³+LWOHU KԥrԥNDWÕ´ GD
adlanGÕUÕUGÕODU -FL LOLQ VHoNLOԥrindԥ isԥ PLO\RQ VHoLFL Pԥhz Hitleri
dԥstԥklԥPLúGL 1932-FL LOLQ L\XOXQGDNÕ LNL VHoNLGԥ - yerlԥrԥ vԥ 5H[VWDTD VHoNLGԥ
+LWOHU VHoLFLOԥrin 37,3 faizinin sԥVLQL TD]DQGÕ 5H[VWDTGD \HU DODQ ԥQ E|\N
SDUWL\DQÕQ OLGHUL NLPL o, kansler vԥzifԥsini tԥlԥb etdi. Lakin, 1932-ci ilin 13
avqustunda Gindenburq onun tԥ\LQDWÕQDUD]Õ ROPDGÕ
/DNLQ VRQUDNÕ SURVHVOԥU EDú YHUԥQ D÷ÕU E|KUDQ *LQGHQEXUTX 9H\PDU
.RQVWLWXVX\DVÕQÕQ 48-ci bԥndinin ԥksinԥ olaraq (hԥmin bԥQG GHPRNUDWL\DQÕQ
antidemRNUDWLNTYYԥlԥrdԥQVD÷Yԥ VROODUGDQTRUXQPDVÕQD ԥsas verirdi) K|NPԥti
Hitlerԥ vermԥsini mԥcbur etdi. 1932-FLLOGHNDEUÕQ-dԥ |ONԥdԥki inqilabi hԥrԥkatla
bacarmayan Papen istefa verdi. Onun yerinԥ NDQVOHU RODQ JHQHUDO ùOH\[HU ԥslindԥ
Hitlerin hakimiyyԥtԥ gԥtirilmԥVL UROXQX R\QDGÕ -F LO \DQYDUÕQ -da Hitler
reyxkansler oldu. (317, s.69)
+LWOHU LON JQGԥn fԥal xarici siyasԥtlԥ mԥú÷XO ROGX JFO Kԥrbi potensiala
PDOLN ROPD\DQ $OPDQL\DQÕ VOK WԥrԥIGDUÕ NLPL WDQÕWPD÷D EDúODGÕ +LWOHU $%ù
prezidenti Ru]YHOWLQ VOKQ TRUXQPDVÕ KDTTÕQGD $YURSD [DOTODUÕQD PUDFLԥtinԥ
belԥ FDYDE YHUPLúGL ³$OPDQL\D E|\N Vԥylԥ belԥ VOKQ WԥPLQDWoÕVÕ ROPDT
istԥ\LU´ V ԤVOLQGԥ +LWOHU 6RYHW øWWLIDTÕQÕ zԥbt etmԥN SODQÕQGDQ ԥl
oԥkmԥPLúGL 2 NRPPXQL]Pԥ TDUúÕ PEDUL]ԥdԥ øQJLOWԥrԥQL PWWԥILT J|UPԥk
istԥyirdi. Tԥxmini plan belԥ idi: Almaniya Avropa qitԥsindԥ Urala qԥdԥUøQJLOWԥrԥ
isԥ dԥnizdԥ vԥ dԥnizԥWUDIÕPVWԥmlԥkԥlԥrdԥ D÷DOÕTHGLU%XQGDQԥlavԥRøWDOL\DQÕ
GD|]Qԥ PWWԥfiq etmԥk istԥyirdi. RԥVPLPUDFLԥtindԥ yeni K|NPԥW6RYHWøWWLIDTÕ
ilԥ GRVWOXT PQDVLEԥWLQL PGDILԥ HWGL\LQL ELOGLULU J|VWԥrirdi ki, kommunistlԥrԥ
TDUúÕDSDUÕODQWԥdbirlԥULQ665ø-yԥ DLGL\\DWÕ\R[GXU
Lakin, 1933-F LOLQ SD\Õ]ÕQGD QDVLVWOԥU $OPDQL\DQÕQ 0LOOԥtlԥU /LTDVÕQGDQ
oÕ[GÕ÷ÕQÕ ELOGLUGLOԥr. Okt\DEUÕQ -dԥ radio ilԥ R[XQDQ PUDFLԥtdԥ bildirilirdi:
³hoQF UH\[´ LNL LOGLU NL WԥUNVLODK ROXQPDTOD ED÷OÕ GDYDP HGԥn Cenevrԥ
.RQIUDQVÕQÕYԥ MillԥtlԥU/LTDVÕQÕWԥrk edir. (317, s.77)
CenevrԥdԥNL NRQIUDQVGD DOPDQ QPD\ԥndԥsi, sԥILU 1DGROQÕ ELOGLULUGL
³$OPDQL\D DUWÕT Wԥrksilah olub. Onun ordusu cԥPL PLQ GRQDQPDVÕ LVԥ 15
PLQGLU $OPDQL\DQÕQ Qԥ WDQNÕ YDU Qԥ dԥ D÷ÕU VLODKÕ 2QXQ DYLDVL\DVÕ GD \R[GXU
BԥV EX\XUXQ GH\LQ J|UԥN EDúTD G|YOԥtlԥr necԥ tԥUNVLODK ROXUODU" $OPDQL\DQÕQ
bԥrabԥUKTXTOX÷XKDUGDGÕr? Almaniya istԥnilԥrn tԥFDY]TDUúÕVÕQGDPGDILԥsizdir.
MillԥtlԥU /LTDVÕ OD]ÕPL WԥFDY]NDUÕQ TDUúÕVÕQÕ DOPD÷D TDGLU GH\LOGLU %D[ÕQ
<DSRQL\DQÕQ -ci ildԥki Mancuriyaya TDUúÕ WԥFDY]Qԥ! Almaniya tamamilԥ
silahlanmaq istԥmir. Lakin, Almaniya tԥlԥb edir NLEDúTDODUÕGDWԥUNVLODKROVXQODU´
(317, s.77)
1933-F LOLQ GHNDEUÕQGD $OPDQL\D RUGXVXQXQ VD\ÕQÕQ Yԥ hԥrbi xԥrclԥrinin
isԥ ID]L DUWÕUGÕ÷ÕQÕ ELOGLUGL %HOԥliklԥ 9HUVDO PTDYLOԥVLQLQ úԥrtlԥri Hitler
tԥrԥfindԥQ SR]XOPD÷D EDúODGÕ -F LO DYTXVWXQ -dԥ SUH]LGHQW IHOGPDUúDO
Gindenburq vԥfat etdi. Tԥntԥnԥli dԥfn mԥrasimindԥn sonra avqustun 15-dԥ
Gindenburqun vԥsiyyԥtlԥULoDSHGLOGL2Yԥsiyyԥtlԥrindԥ ELOGLULUGLNLRUGXG|YOԥtin
EDúOÕFDUԥmzi vԥ ԥVDVVWXQXROPDOÕGÕU%XQGDQԥlavԥ R+LWÕHULQVL\DVԥtini bԥyԥnir
vԥ J|VWԥULUGLNLSUH]LGHQWLQGDYDPoÕVÕPԥK]+LWOHU|]ROPDOÕGÕUV
'R÷UXGXUEXYԥsiyyԥtlԥULQVD[WDROPDVÕKDTTÕQGDILNLUOԥr sԥslԥnsԥ dԥDUWÕT
+LWOHU|]ԥlinԥ kifayԥt qԥdԥUJFWRSODPÕúGÕ2QXQWԥlԥbi ilԥ ³$OPDQLPSHUL\DVÕQGD
G|YOԥWLQ DOL EDúoÕVÕ KDTTÕQGD TDQXQ´ Tԥbul edilir. Hԥr iki ± prezident vԥ kansler
vԥ\ifԥsinԥ X\÷XQRODUDT+LWOHUԥ |PUONUԥVPL³IUHUYԥ UH[VNDQVOHU´WLWXOXYHULOLU
(317, s.83) 1939-cu ildԥn isԥ +LWOHULQ DU]XVXQD J|Uԥ onu sadԥcԥ ³)UHU´ GH\ԥ
oD÷ÕUGÕODU
1934-F LOGԥ nasistlԥULQ $YVWUL\D NDQVOHUL 'ROIXVX |OGUPԥsi Hitler
K|NPԥtini pis vԥziyyԥtԥ salsa da, o, bu vԥziyyԥtdԥn mԥharԥtlԥ oÕ[PD÷Õ EDFDUGÕ
Belԥ NL 9HUVDO PTDYLOԥsinԥ J|Uԥ, Saar ԥrazisi 1920-ci ildԥ Almaniyadan
DOÕQPÕúGÕ0ԥhz nasistlԥrin ciddi sԥyi ilԥ ԥKDOLDUDVÕQGDVRU÷XNHoLULOGL\HUOLԥhali
$OPDQL\DQÕQ Wԥrkibinԥ TDWÕOPDT LVWԥ\LU \R[VD )UDQVDQÕQ ԥUD]LVL ROPD÷Õ VWQ
VD\ÕT" -FL LO \DQYDUÕQ -dԥ ԥKDOL DUDVÕQGD NHoLULOԥQ VRU÷XGD VDNLQOԥrin 90,9
faizi Almaniya ilԥ birlԥúPԥyԥ VWQONYHUGLOԥr. Daxili siyasԥt vԥ beynԥO[DOTQIX]
ED[ÕPÕQGDQEX+LWOHUoQROGXTFDE|\NTԥlԥbԥ idi.
1936-FÕ LOGԥ Hitler daha bir cԥsarԥWOL DGGÕP DWGÕ DOPDQ TRúXQODUÕ RQXQ
J|VWԥULúL LOԥ Reyn vilayԥtinԥ GD[LO ROGX %XQXQOD 9HUVDO PTDYLOԥVLQLQ úԥrtlԥri vԥ
1925-ci il LoNDUQUD]ÕODúPDVÕSR]XOGX
%X DGGÕPÕQ DWÕOPDVÕ oR[ Kԥyԥcan vԥ QDUDKDWOÕTODU \DUDWGÕ ;DULFL øúOԥr
Nazirliyi Hitlerԥ HKWL\DWOÕ ROPD÷Õ PԥslԥhԥW J|UG +ԥUEoLOԥr isԥ VRQUDNÕ
hadisԥlԥrdԥQ HKWL\DWODQÕUGÕODU %D[PD\DUDT NL +LWOHU LVWԥnilԥQ DQGD TRúXQX JHUL
oD÷ÕUPD÷DKD]ÕULGLODNLQRFԥsarԥtli riskԥ VWQONYHUGL+LWOHULQEXFԥsarԥti xalq
DUDVÕQGDRQXGDKDGDPԥúKXUODúGÕUGÕ+LWOHURUGXQXQEԥUSDVÕQDFLGGLGLTTԥt yetirdi.
1934-F LOGԥQ EDúODQDQ LTWLVDGL oԥtinliklԥU <DOPDU ùD[WDQÕQ LTWLVDGL\\DW QD]LUL
tԥyin edilmԥsindԥn sonra bir qԥdԥU GD\DQGÕUÕOGÕ +LWOHU \HQL QD]LUԥ iqtisadi
problemlԥrin hԥllindԥ ³GLNWDWRU´VԥlahiyyԥWLYHUPLúGL
1935-FÕ LOGԥ Almaniya Yaponiya ilԥ ilk ԥlaqԥlԥrini qurdu. Hԥmin ilin
PD\ÕQGD 5LEEHQWURSXQ QPD\ԥndԥVL ;DN <DSRQL\DQÕQ KԥUEL DWWDúHVL polkovnik-
leytenant Osima ilԥ J|UúG +ԥPLQ J|UúGԥ Almaniya ilԥ <DSRQL\DQÕQ 6RYHW
øWWLIDTÕQDTDUúÕKDQVÕKԥUELSDNWÕQED÷ODQPDVÕLPNDQODUÕP]DNLUԥ edildi. Almaniya
tԥrԥfindԥQ LP]DODQPÕú <DSRQL\D LOԥ ³$QWLNRPLQWHUQ´ SDNWÕ +LWOHU Wԥrԥfindԥn
bԥyԥQLOGL ø\unun 9-GD +LWOHULQ <DSRQL\DQÕQ Vԥfiri Mutakoi ilԥ V|KEԥtindԥ
³EROúHYL]Pԥ vԥ NRPPXQLVW LGH\DODUÕQD TDUúÕ ELUJԥ PEDUL]ԥ´ DSDUPDT
UD]ÕODúGÕUÕOGÕ V %LU QHoԥ hԥftԥ VRQUD +LWOHU ELOGLUGL ³5XVL\D |] tarixi
WRUSDTODUÕQDE|OQPԥOLGLUNLGQ\DQԥhayԥt UDKDWROVXQ´V
1936-FÕLOLQVHQW\DEUÕQGD$OPDQL\DLOԥ <DSRQL\DDUDVÕQGDRODQPTDYLOԥni
5LEEHQWURSOD 0XWDNRL LP]DODGÕODU %X PTDYLOԥyԥ ԥsasԥQ 5XVL\DQÕQ Kԥr iki
|ONԥdԥn birinԥ KFXPX]DPDQÕELUJԥ fԥaliyyԥt nԥzԥrdԥ tutulurdu.
1936-FÕ LOLQ DYTXVWXQGD +LWOHU ³0KDULEԥyԥ LTWLVDGL KD]ÕUOÕT KDTTÕQGD´
PHPRUDQGXPX HODQ HWGL +LWOHU J|VWԥULUGL NL ³[DOTÕQ Yԥ LPSHUL\DQÕQ
P|YFXGOX÷XQX´ \DOQÕ] EX DGGÕP Wԥmin edԥ bilԥU %|\N LTWLVDGL oԥtinliklԥrԥ
ED[PD\DUDT +LWOHU $OPDQL\D RUGXVXQX JFOԥndirirdi. 1937-ci ilLQ \DQYDUÕQGD
+LWOHUSDUWL\DQÕQGDLUԥ liderlԥULQLQWRSODQWÕVÕQGDELOGLULUGL³0ԥn istԥyirԥm ki, bizim
DOPDQ[DOTÕ$YURSD[DOTODUÕDUDVÕQGDԥQJFOVROVXQ´V
Almaniya hԥr vasitԥ ilԥ PKDULEԥyԥ KD]ÕUOÕ÷ÕQÕ GDYDP H\GLULUGL -ci il
QR\DEUÕQ-dԥ UH\[NDQVHO\DUL\DGD\NVԥk siyasi vԥ hԥUELUWEԥli úԥxslԥULQNHoLUGL\L
JL]OLPúDYLUԥdԥ ELOGLULOPLúGL\D[ÕQJԥlԥcԥkdԥ PKDULEԥyԥ KD]ÕUROPDT7ԥxminԥn
tarix dԥ belԥ PԥyyԥnlԥúPLúGL -1945-ci illԥU´ V +LWOHU ELOGLUPLúGL
NLKD]ÕUGD%ULWDQLya daxildԥQoR[]ԥLIGLUIUDQVÕ]ODULVԥ P|KNԥm olsalar da, daxili
VL\DVLoԥtinliklԥULoԥrisindԥdir.
Bundan ԥlavԥ DUWÕT -FL LOLQ VRQODUÕQGD øQJLOWԥrԥ vԥ Fransa sovet
K|NPԥtinԥ ԥNVP|YTHGԥ GD\DQGÕ÷ÕQGDQ%HUOLQOԥ \D[ÕQODúPD÷DPH\OOLLGLOԥU$UWÕT
1937-ci ildԥ HitleULQ J|VWԥULúLQԥ ԥsasԥQ ³2WWR´ SODQÕ KD]ÕUODQGÕ %X SODQD X\÷XQ
úԥkildԥ 1939-FX LO PDUWÕQ -dԥ $YVWUL\D Lú÷DO HGLOGL Yԥ PDUWÕQ -dԥ Avstriya
$OPDQL\DQÕQԥlayԥti elan olundu. (317, s.103)
$OPDQL\DQÕQ D] VRQUD dH[RVODYDNL\DQÕQ 6XGHW YLOD\ԥtini dԥ |] ԥrazisinԥ
birlԥúGLUPԥVL +LWOHULQ 9HUVDO PTDYLOԥVL úԥrtlԥULQL EW|YONGԥ SR]GX÷XQX VEXW
etdi. 1938-FL LOLQ RNW\DEUÕQGD DOPDQ TRúXQODUÕD DUWÕT 6XGHW YLOD\ԥWLQL WXWPXúGX
Qeyd edԥk ki, 1938-FL LOLQ VHQW\DEU D\ÕQGD øQJLOWԥrԥ, Fransa, Almaniya vԥ øWDOL\D
K|NPԥtlԥULQLQ EDúoÕODUÕ 0QKHQGԥ WRSODúDUDT dH[RVODYDNL\DQÕQ ELU VÕUD
UD\RQODUÕQÕ$OPDQL\D\DYHUPԥNUD]ÕOÕ÷ÕQDJԥOPLúGLOԥUdH[RVODYDNL\DK|NPԥti isԥ
|ONԥdԥ PԥyyԥQ TYYԥlԥULQ HWLUD]ODUÕQD ED[PD\DUDT PTDYLPԥW J|VWԥrmԥkdԥn
imtina edib tԥslim oldu. (187, s.498)
Qeyd edԥN NL +LWOHULQ QIX]XQXQ DUWPDVÕQGD 5H\[VWDTÕQ \DQGÕUÕOPDVÕ Yԥ
5HPLQ oHYULOLúL %ORPEHUTHU ± Frinq cԥhdinin dԥ E|\N Wԥsiri oldu. Mԥhz bu
hadisԥlԥrdԥn sonra Hitlerin ԥWUDIÕQGD GDKD oR[ |] [LVOԥtdԥ RODQ DYDQWULVWOԥr vԥ
³\DKԥUúH\\DGDKHoQԥ´SULQVLSLQԥ P|KNԥm ԥsaslanan ԥlavԥ DGDPODUWRSODúGÕ
Qeyd edԥk ki, Hitlerin hakimiyyԥt zirvԥsinԥ oDWPDVÕQGD TԥGGDUOÕ÷ÕQÕQ Yԥ
tԥWELTHWGL\LDPDQVÕ]Fԥ]DVXOODUÕQÕQGDE|\NWԥVLULYDUGÕ+LWOHUUHMLPL ԥleyhinԥ
olan minlԥrlԥ adam tԥTLE HGLOLU P[Wԥlif cԥzalara mԥUX] TDOÕUGÕODU 1DVLVWOԥrin
hakimiyyԥti ԥrԥfԥsindԥ PXPL VD\Õ PLQGԥQ oR[ RODQ .RPPXQLVW 3DUWL\DVÕ
]YOԥrinin, demԥN RODU NL \DUÕVÕ KԥEV[DQD\D VDOÕQGÕ -F LOGԥn 1939-cu ilԥ
qԥdԥr tԥqribԥQ PLQ DGDP G|YOԥtԥ xԥyanԥtdԥ JQDKODQGÕUÕOÕE PKDNLPԥ edildi.
0[DOLIԥWTYYԥlԥri ya mԥKYHGLOPLú\DGD$OPDQL\DGDQTRYXOPXúGX'R÷UXGXU
nasistlԥU LONLQ YD[WODUGD GDKD oR[ KԥbslԥU DSDUVDODU GD VRQUDNÕ LOOԥrdԥ bu rԥqԥm
D]DOGÕOGÕ 0ԥsԥlԥn, 1933-F LOLQ L\XOXQD Tԥdԥr hԥbsxanalarda 27 min adam
saxODQÕUGÕVD -1937-ci illԥrdԥ bu rԥqԥm 7500 idi. Lakin, hԥEV[DQDODUÕQ Yԥ
mԥKEXVODUÕQJHQLúOԥndirilmԥVLKDTTÕQGDSODQODUYDUGÕ
Bu illԥrdԥ $OPDQL\DGD JFO WHUURU DSDUDWÕ \DUDGÕOPÕúGÕ +ԥbs
GúԥrgԥlԥULQLQ \DUDGÕOPDVÕQGD LVԥ +LPPOHULQ ³[VXVL [LGPԥtlԥUL´ YDUGÕ øON
Gúԥrgԥlԥr ± Bavariyada ± 'DKDXGD \DUDGÕOÕUGÕ -ci ildԥ Almaniyada yeddi
E|\NKԥEVGúԥrgԥVLYDUGÕ'DKDX(VWHUYHTHQEXUDGDUԥsmi olaraq cinayԥWNDUODUÕ
saxlasalar da, siyasԥWoLOԥUL EXUD\D VDOÕUGÕODU /L[WHQEHUT =DNVHQKDX]HQ %DG-
Zultsa, Kolumbiya-hauz vԥ Fyulsbyuttel. 1936-FÕLOLQL\XOXQGD=DNVHQKDX]HQGԥki
hԥbsxana ԥVDV Gúԥrgԥ VD\ÕOÕUGÕ +ԥmin vaxtda Buhenvald hԥEV Gúԥrgԥsinin
tikintisinԥ EDúODQÕOGÕ %XQGDQ ԥlavԥ, Himmler Berlindԥ hԥbsxana tԥOLPDWoÕODUÕ
idarԥsi vԥ briqadfyurer Eykin komDQGDQOÕ÷ÕLOԥ ³gOEDúODU´GԥstԥlԥUL\DUDWGÕ
+LWOHU |] KDNLPL\\ԥWLQL JFOԥndirmԥk mԥqsԥdi ilԥ P|YFXG RUTDQODUÕ
P|KNԥmlԥWPLú H\QL ]DPDQGD P[WԥOLI TXUXPODU \DUDWPÕúGÕ +LWOHULQ KDNLPL\\ԥti
illԥrindԥ fԥaliyyԥW J|VWԥrԥn quruPODUGDQ ELUL 6$ KFXP Gԥstԥlԥri) tԥúNLODWÕ LGL
Hԥmin tԥúNLODW -ci ildԥ QDVLVW SDUWL\DVÕQD N|Pԥk mԥqsԥdi ilԥ \DUDGÕOPÕúGÕ Yԥ
QDVLVWSDUWL\DVÕQÕQKԥrbilԥúPLúWHUURUoXGԥstԥVLNLPLP|YFXGLGL-FLOԥ qԥdԥr
anti-IDúLVWOԥrԥ TDUúÕWHUURUVLODKÕNLPLLVWLIDGԥ olunurdu. SA tԥúNLODWÕQDEmil Mauris
vԥ Ulrix Klinqdԥn sonra German Gerinq rԥhbԥUOLN HGLUGL 0DUDTOÕ LGL E|\N
xԥrclԥUKHVDEÕQDEDúDJԥlԥn dԥstԥni yaratmaqda Hitler nԥ mԥqsԥGJGUG"
SA tԥúNLODWÕQÕQLONUԥhbԥrlԥrindԥn olan kapitan Rem hԥUELDQEDUODUGDoR[OX
qԥhvԥyi rԥngli paltarODUÕQROGX÷XQXJ|UGNGԥ |]ԥsgԥrlԥrinԥ RIRUPDQÕJH\LQPԥyi
ԥPU HWPLúGL %HOԥliklԥ, qԥhvԥyi rԥng hԥm dԥ IDúLVWOԥrin rԥmzlԥrindԥn birinԥ
oHYULOGL
.oԥlԥrdԥ \N PDúÕQODUÕQGD JHGԥQ KFXP GԥstԥlԥUL KDTTÕQGD LVԥ belԥ
úDUODUV|\OԥQLOLUGL³1Hoԥ NL6$PDUúHGLU$OPDQL\DVD÷TDODFDTGÕU´+LWOHU6$
dԥstԥlԥrinԥ E|\N ԥhԥmiyyԥt verirdi. Hԥmin dԥstԥlԥUL R PKDULEԥdԥn sonra
\DUDQPÕú IUH\NHUOԥrin tԥFUEԥsi ԥVDVÕQGD IRUPDODúGÕUÕUGÕ V 6$-da
RODQODUÕQVD\ÕPLQGԥn 1,2-PLO\RQDoDWÕUGÕ
Qeyd edԥk ki, SA dԥstԥlԥULQLQ EDúoÕVÕ 5HP |]QQ oR[PLQOLN RUGXVXQX
G|YOԥtԥ TDUúÕ TR\XU KHo NLPԥ tabe olmurdu. SA getdikcԥ QDUD]Õ TDODQODUÕQ
RUGXVXQD oHYULOLUGL (\QL ]DPDQGD SDUWL\D Uԥhbԥrliyinԥ WDEHoLOLNGԥ dayanmayan
Rem vԥ onun ordusu Hitlerԥ problemlԥU\DUDGÕUGÕ+LWOer 1925-ci ildԥ RQXEXLúGԥn
X]DTODúGÕUVD GD -ci ildԥ onu yenidԥQ TD\WDUPD÷D PԥFEXU ROPXúGX /DNLQ
sonralar Hitler Gerinqin vԥ +LPPOHULQ KD]ÕUODGÕ÷Õ SODQÕ Wԥsdiqlԥ\LE EDúGD 5HP
olmaqla SA dԥstԥlԥULQLGD÷ÕWPDTԥPULQLYHUGLV+LWOHU|]ԥmԥliyyatda
LúWLUDN HGԥrԥk SA rԥhbԥUOL\LQLQ \DúDGÕ÷Õ RWD÷D JLULE RQODUÕ Kԥbs etdi vԥ ciddi
nԥzarԥW DOWÕQGD 0QKHQԥ J|QGԥUGL +LWOHULQ J|VWԥULúL LOԥ Remԥ |]Q |OGUPԥk
LPNDQÕYHULOGLODNLQRUD]ÕODúPDGÕTGDED]DUJQD[úDPJOOԥlԥndi.
Hitlerin bu cԥsarԥtli hԥrԥkԥWL E|\N KH\Uԥtԥ sԥbԥE ROGX ø\XOXQ -dԥ
5H\[VWDTGDNÕoÕ[ÕúÕQGD+LWOHUDSDUGÕ÷Õ ԥmԥOL\\DWÕEHOԥ L]DKHWGL³0ԥn sui-qԥsdin
LúWLUDNoÕODUÕQÕJOOԥlԥmԥk ԥmrini verdim. Bu, o demԥkdir ki, mԥn alman ailԥlԥrinin
P|KNԥPOL\LQL VDUVÕGDQ ELU \DUDQÕ VD÷DOWGÕP 4R\ KDPÕ ELOVLQ NL LQWL]DP Yԥ
tԥKONԥsizlik millԥWLPL]LQ P|YFXGOX÷XQXQ EDúOÕFD úԥUWLGLU +Ho NLP EX ԥsasa sui-
qԥsd edԥ bilmԥz! Vԥ TDUúÕGD NLPG|YOԥtԥ ԥOTDOGÕUDFDTVD PWOԥT|OPԥ mԥhkum
edilԥcԥNGLU´V
HadisԥdԥQoKԥftԥ sonra Hitler ԥvvԥllԥr SA tԥrkibindԥ olan SS tԥúNLODWÕQÕQ
VWDWXVXQX \NVԥOGLE PVWԥqil tԥúNLODW HWGL Yԥ ELUEDúD |] WDEHOL\LQԥ NHoLUGL
Belԥliklԥ +LWOHU LQWL]DPVÕ] Yԥ inam bԥslԥmԥdiyi SA-QÕ |] VL\DVԥtinԥ X\÷XQ RODQ
daha perspektivli SS-lԥ ԥvԥz etdi.
SS tԥúNLODWÕ GD PKDIL]ԥ dԥstԥlԥUL IDúLVW UHMLPLQLQ ԥVDV GD\DTODUÕQGDQ LGL
1925-ci ildԥ SA tԥrkibindԥ IUHULQ úԥ[VL PKDIL]ԥVL NLPL VD\Õ -ԥ qԥdԥr)
\DUDGÕOPÕúGÕ V -cu ildԥn SS-in rԥhbԥri Himmler tԥyin olundu.
1934-F LOGԥn isԥ PVWԥqil tԥúNLODW RODUDT Iԥaliyyԥtԥ EDúODGÕ 66 WԥúNLODWÕ
DúD÷ÕGDNÕODUGDQLEDUԥWLGL $OTHPH\Q 66PXPL 66)HUI\XTXQVWUXSSH66
(hԥrbi dԥstԥOL66øNLQFL'Q\DPKDULEԥVLEDúODQGÕTGDKԥULNLVL³669DIIHQ´³66
hissԥlԥUL´ DGÕQÕ DOGÕ %HOԥliklԥ, SS tԥrkibinԥ ³gO EDúODU´, ³66 KLVVԥlԥUL´ 66
5H\[VIUHULQ WԥKONԥsizlik xidmԥti daxil idi. SS Almaniyada vԥ Lú÷DO HGLOPLú
E|OJԥlԥrdԥ NWOԥYL WHUURUXQ NHoLULOPԥsindԥ EDúOÕFD VLODK LGL 66-LQ VÕUDODUÕQGD
RODQODUÕQVD\ÕPLQGԥn 1 milyona qԥdԥr idi.
Hitlerin hakimiyyԥti illԥrindԥ fԥaliyyԥW J|Vtԥrԥn daha bir qurum SD
(tԥKONԥsizlik xidmԥWL DGODQÕUGÕ %X TXUXPXQ Iԥaliyyԥti istiqamԥtlԥri belԥ idi:
casus-WHUURUoXOXT VL\DVL NԥúIL\\DW Yԥ ԥks-kԥúIL\\DW UH\[ GD[LOLQGԥ vԥ onun
kԥQDUODUÕQGDIԥaliyyԥWLú÷DO]RQDODUÕQGDWHUURUoXDNVL\DODUDUԥhbԥrlik. (301, s.682)
6'VÕUDODUÕQGDRODQODUÕQVD\ÕPLQԥ qԥdԥr idi.
Hitlerin tԥsirindԥ olan digԥr bir tԥúNLODW ³3RODG Gԥbilqԥ´ DGODQÕUGÕ -ci
LOLQ QR\DEUÕQGD \DUÕPKԥrbi vԥ úRYLQLVW TXUXP RODUDT \DUDQPÕúGÕ 4XUXPXQ
\DUDGÕFÕVÕ NHoPLú ]DELW IDEULN VDKLEL =HOGW idi. TԥúNLODW $OPDQL\DGD LQTLODEL
hԥrԥNDWOD PEDUL]ԥ mԥqsԥdi ilԥ \DUDGÕOPÕúGÕ $OPDQ 1DVLVW 3DUWL\DVÕQÕQ
sԥQD\HoLOԥri tԥrԥfindԥn maliyyԥlԥúGLULOLUGL -F LOGԥ EW|YONGԥ SA-ya vԥ
³+LWOHU\XTHQG´³+LWOHUoLJԥnclԥU´WԥúNLODWÕQDTDWÕOGÕ=HOGWLVԥ Hitler K|NPԥtindԥ
ԥmԥk naziri oldu. (301, s.683)
Hitlerin hakimiyyԥWLQLQ P|KNԥmlԥndirilmԥsindԥ *HVWDSR ³*L]OL G|YOԥt
SROLVL´ VLVWHPLQLQ Gԥ az tԥVLUL ROPDPÕúGÕ *HVWDSR VLVWHPL -F LOLQ DSUHOLQGԥ
Gerinqin sԥrԥQFDPÕ LOԥ \DUDGÕOPÕúGÕ *HVWDSR IDúLVW $OPDQL\DVÕQGD ԥks-kԥúIL\\DW
vԥ VL\DVL WUN RUTDQODUÕ VLVWHPL RODUDT P|YFXG LGL $OPDQL\DGD Yԥ kԥnarlarda
NWOԥvi terror hԥ\DWDNHoLULUGLV
*HVWDSRGD RODQODUÕQ VD\Õ PLQԥ qԥdԥr idi. Bundan ԥlavԥ, Hitlerin
LGH\DODUÕQÕQ WԥEOL÷LQGԥ vԥ ELU OLGHU NLPL QIX]XQXQ DUWPDVÕQGD QDVLVW SDUWL\DVÕQÕQ
mԥrkԥ]L RUTDQÕ RODQ ³)HOXNLWHU EHRED[WHU´ Tԥ]HWLQLQ HVHVoLOԥrԥ 66 GDKD \D[ÕQ
³ùYDULH NRU´ ³4DUD NRUSXV´ Tԥ]HWLQLQ D\OÕT ³16 0RQDWV[HIúH´ MXUQDOÕQÕQ
ԥhԥmiyyԥti dԥ E|\NLGL
+LWOHULQQIX]XQXQ\NVԥldilmԥsindԥúEhԥsiz ki, onu ԥhatԥ edԥQúԥxslԥrin
dԥ tԥVLUL E|\N LGL +LWOHUԥ [VXVL \D[ÕQOÕ÷Õ RODQODUÕQ DUDVÕQGD *HUPDQ *HULQTLQ
+HQUL[ +LPPOHULQ øRVLI *|EEHOVLQ 0DUWLQ %RUPDQÕQ øRDKLP 5LEEHQWURSXQ DGÕ
tez-WH]KDOODQÕUGÕ
German Gerinq ± +LWOHULPSHUL\DVÕQGDLNLQFL úԥ[VVD\ÕOÕUGÕYԥ IUHULQUԥsmi
YDULVLLGL LO|PUVUG-FLOLQ \DQYDUÕQGDGR÷XODQ*HULQT-FÕLOGԥ
Nyurenberq prosesindԥ DVÕOPDTOD|OPԥ mԥhkum edildikdԥQVRQUD|]Q|OGUG
(372, s.97)
Gerinq ilk dԥfԥ 1922-ci ildԥ Hitlerlԥ WDQÕú ROPXúGX øON WDQÕúOÕTGDQ VRQUD
Hitler onu SA-QÕQ Uԥhbԥri tԥ\LQ HWPLúGL øON WDQÕúOÕTODUÕ G|YUQGԥ Hitlerin maddi
tԥPLQDWÕQDYԥ GRODQÕúÕ÷ÕQDKԥm Gerinq, hԥm dԥ Gerinqlԥr ailԥVL\D[ÕQGDQN|Pԥklik
J|VWԥULUGL 2QODUÕQ GRVWOX÷XQX SR]PD÷D oDOÕúDQODU ROVD GD EX PQDVLbԥt 1945-ci
ilԥ qԥdԥUGDYDPHWGL'R÷UXGXUEXLOOԥrdԥ Hitlerlԥ PQDVLEԥtlԥrindԥ az gԥrginliklԥr
dԥ ROPDGÕ %LU PGGԥt o, hԥbsdԥ \DWGÕ QDUNRPDQL\D [ԥstԥliyinԥ tutuldu, sonra
VD÷DOÕE øWDOL\D\D-Mussolini ilԥ GDQÕúÕTODUD J|QGԥrildi. 1926-FÕ LOGԥ yeni alman
pUH]LGHQWL *LQGHQEXUT SXWoLVWOԥrԥ amnistiya verdikdԥn sonra da nasistlԥr Gerinqi
\D[ÕQD EXUD[PDGÕODU 6RQUD R øVYHoԥ JHWGL %XUDGD oR[ TDOPD\ÕE \HQLGԥn
$OPDQL\D\DTD\ÕWGÕ-ci ildԥ 5H\[VWDTDVHoNLOԥerdԥn sonra onun hԥ\DWÕQGDoR[
dԥ\LúLOLNOԥr oldu. Hitlerlԥ \D[ÕQOÕTHGԥQ*HULQT|]KDTTÕQGDú|KUԥt dolu vԥ tԥsirli
rԥylԥULQ \DUDQPDVÕQÕ Wԥmin etdi. MԥsԥlԥQ ³$ORYOX Yԥtԥnpԥrvԥr Gerinq, Almaniya
9HUVDOPTDYLOԥVLúԥrtlԥrindԥQ[LODVROPD\ÕQFDUDKDWQԥfԥVDOPD\DFDTÝԥ s. Nasist
tԥEOL÷DWoÕODUÕ EHOԥ uydurmalarlD RQXQ QIX]XQX DUWÕUÕUGÕODU -ci ildԥ o,
5H\[VWDTD GHSXWDW VHoLOGL %WQ EX X÷XUODUÕ R +LWlHULQ N|Pԥyi ilԥ TD]DQÕUGÕ
1933-FLO\DQYDUÕQ-da hakimiyyԥtԥ gԥlԥQ+LWOHUVDEDKÕJQ± D\ÕQ-dԥ onu
3UXVVL\D'D[LOLøúOԥr Nazirliyindԥ I|YTԥladԥ komissar tԥyin etdi. Burada olarkԥn o,
tԥdqiqat mԥrkԥ]L \DUDGÕE DGDPODUÕQ GDQÕúÕTODUÕQD TXODT DVÕU OHQWԥ \D]ÕUGÕ %X
³WԥGTLTDW´DKԥlԥ nԥ xarici diplomatlar, nԥ dԥ DOPDQODU|\UԥúPԥPLúGLOԥr. 1934-FLO
aprelin 10-GD +LWOHU *HULQTL 3UXVVL\DQÕQ QD]LU-prezidenti tԥyin etdi. 1937-ci ilin
iyulunda Gerinqin rԥhbԥrliyi ilԥ nԥhԥQJG|YOԥWNRQVHUQL \DUDGÕOGÕ %XQDTԥdԥr isԥ
o, xammal ilԥ \DQDFDT ]Uԥ NRPLVVDU NLPL LTWLVDGL\\DWÕQ LQNLúDIÕQGD PKP URO
R\QD\ÕUGÕ -FÕ LO L\XOXQ -da Hitler Gerinqԥ UH\[PDUúDO UWEԥsini verdi.
Belԥliklԥ³GԥPLU*HUPDQ´$OPDQL\DWDUL[LQGԥ LNLQFLUH\[PDUúDOROGXøONUWEԥni
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gizlԥQLUGL øQGL RQXQ úԥkildԥn mԥnԥ GLNLOPLú J|]Oԥrindԥ ELU úH\ KLVV HGLUԥm:
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isԥ 0QKHQGԥ ilk dԥfԥ onunlDJ|UúPúG-ci illԥrin sonunda isԥ REW|YONGԥ
Hitlerԥ xidmԥtԥ EDúODGÕ -cu ildԥ R 66 TUXSXQD EDúoÕOÕT HWGL -F LOGԥ
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FÕLOL\XQXQ-dԥ Himmler SS-LQUH\[VIUHUi vԥ alman polisinin rԥisi tԥyin olundu.
1DVLVW $OPDQL\DVÕQGD+LPPOHULQYԥzifԥsinԥ J|Uԥ ԥslindԥ GD[LOLLúOԥr naziri Frikin
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ԥslindԥ Himmler vԥ onun idarԥsi nazirԥ \R[ ELUEDúD +Ltlerԥ tabe idi,
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Kaltenbrunner idi. Bu idarԥ \HGGL E|OPԥyԥ D\UÕOÕUGÕ %Dú E|OPԥ - Gestapo, gizli
polis LGL ԤVOLQGԥ Gestapo RSXA-QÕQ \DOQÕ] G|UGQF E|OPԥsi olsa da, olduqca
qorxulu vԥ mistik tԥsirԥ malik idi. MԥK]*HVWDSR|ONԥdԥ kԥsilmԥyԥn terroru hԥyata
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fԥaliyyԥtinԥ DLGoR[PԥOXPDWODUÕELOPԥsi idi. (301, s.194)
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+LWOHULQDGJQQGԥ HVHVoLOԥr rԥhbԥrԥ DQGLoLUGLOԥU³6ԥnԥ DQGLoLUԥm, Adolf Hitler!
Sԥdaqԥtli vԥ cԥsarԥWOL RODFD÷DP gOԥnԥ qԥdԥr itaԥWNDU RODFD÷DP $OODK GD Pԥnԥ
N|Pԥk edԥcԥN´V
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biz cԥQDE $OODKD LQDQÕUÕT $OPDQL\D\D LQDQÕUÕT NL RQX EX GQ\DGD \DUDWGÕ Yԥ
)UHUԥ - Adolf Hitlerԥ LQDQÕUÕTNLRQXEL]ԥ J|\GԥQJ|QGԥrdi. Sual: Biz hԥUúH\Gԥn
ԥvvԥl kimԥ xidmԥt etmԥOL\LN" &DYDE %L]LP [DOTÕPÕ]D Yԥ bizim Adolf Hitlerԥ.
Sual: Nԥ oQ VԥQWDEHROXUVDQ"&DYDEg]GԥULQGD[LOLLQDPÕPGDQRQDJ|Uԥ ki,
Almaniyaya vԥ )UHUԥ, nasional-sosializmԥ, SS-ԥ LQDQÕUDP´V
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Himmler qԥUE TYYԥlԥri ilԥ GDQÕúÕTODUD EDúODPDT LVWԥPLúGLVԥ dԥ, bu cԥKGL EDú
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edirԥP´V
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*|EEHOVWԥúNLOHGLUTRrxunu isԥ Himmler yaUDGÕUGÕ
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qԥdim filologiya, almanizm vԥ WDUL[ |\Uԥndi. Eyni zamanda o, tԥhsil illԥrindԥ bir
QHoԥ dԥfԥ universitet dԥ\LúGL %RQQ ± 0QKHQ ± Freyburq ± Qeydelburq. Sonra
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bԥslԥyirdi. ùWUDVVHU -FL LOLQ QR\DEUÕQGD |] TUXSSDVÕ LOԥ Hannoverdԥ konfrans
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Feder vԥ GUHNVQDU KD]ÕUODPÕúGÕ Pԥyyԥn etirazlar nԥzԥrԥ DOÕQPÕú NRQIUDQV
VRQUD\D VD[ODQÕOPÕúGÕ Hitler isԥ RQODUÕ TDEDTOD\ÕE |] %DPEHUTGԥ konfrans
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EXDOÕQPDGÕ*|EEHOV+LWOHULQGDKDE|\NVWQO\QJ|Ub susdu.
1926-FÕ LOLQ QR\DEUÕQGD +LWOHU *|EEHOVL %HUOLQLQ TDXOH\WHUL Wԥyin etdi.
Belԥliklԥ*|EEHOVLQ+LWOHUOԥ \D[úÕPQDVLEԥtlԥrinin ԥVDVÕTR\XOGX6RQUDNÕLOOԥrdԥ
*|EEHOVLQ GúQOPú Yԥ VLVWHPOL úԥkildԥ DSDUÕODQ ³WԥEOL÷DWÕ´ +LWOHULQ QIX]XQXQ
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ilԥ universitetlԥrdԥ tԥmizlԥmԥlԥr aparÕOÕU\ԥhudilԥUTRYXOXUGX<DOQÕ]-FLOLQ
14 aprelindԥ DSDUÕODQ Wԥmizlԥmԥlԥrdԥn sonra universitetlԥrin 15 faizԥ qԥdԥr
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s.304)
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unutmurdu.
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rԥqԥm 1000-ԥ oDWGÕ
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Valter Qazenklever vԥ s.
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2QODUÕQDUDVÕQGD7RPDVYԥ Henri Mannlar, Bertold Brext, Remark, Zegers, Bexer,
Bruno Frank, paul Xindemit, Piskator, Reynxard, Kandinski vԥ s. (372, s.320)
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illԥrindԥ isԥ cԥbԥh xԥbԥrlԥri verilirdi. Bu sԥVXFDOGDQODUÕV|QGUPԥk istԥyԥnlԥULD÷ÕU
cԥza ± hԥEVGúԥrgԥlԥULJ|]Oԥyirdi.
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bayramlarla ԥvԥz olundu. Mԥsԥlԥn, 30 yanvar ± hakimiyyԥWLQ DOÕQPDVÕ KQ
fevral ± NSDAP-ÕQ \DUDGÕOPDVÕ JQ 0DUW ± QԥhrԥPDQODUÕ [DWÕUODPD JQ Kԥr
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P|YTH\LQLP|KNԥmlԥndirirdi.
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|OGUEPԥhv etdi.
Rudolf Gess ± 1894-F LOGԥ DQDGDQ ROPXúGX 7ԥyyarԥoL LGL -F LOGԥ
N|QOORODUDTRUGX\DJHWPLúGL-FLOLQoHYULOLúLQGԥn sonra ԥvvԥl Avstriyaya
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nazir oldu. 1938-ci ildԥ Gess gizli Nazirlԥr Sovetinԥ GD[LOHGLOGLEXUD\D\DOQÕ]
adam daxil idi). 1939-cu ilin avqustunda isԥ 0GDILԥ Nazirliyi Sovetinin tԥrkibinԥ
TDWÕOGÕ+ԥmin ili Hitler onu GerinqdԥQVRQUD|]QQLNLQFLYDULVLWԥyin etdi.
Hԥm prezident, hԥm kansler, hԥm dԥ DOL EDú NRPDQGDQ RODQ +LWOerin
EDFDUÕTOÕDSDUDWUԥhbԥrinԥ HKWL\DFÕQÕPԥhz Gess yerinԥ yetirirdi. O, hԥm dԥ ³$GROI
+LWOHU)RQGX´QXQUԥhbԥULLGLV*HVVLQ)UHULQúԥxsi katibi kimi Hitlerԥ
tԥsiri dԥ E|\N LGL *HVVLQ EDúoÕOÕT HWGL\L EURGD Tԥrargah rԥisi vԥzifԥsini isԥ
Borman tuturdu (312, s.397). Qeyd edԥN NL +LWOHU *HVVLQ EDúoÕOÕT HWGL\L EUR\D
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VD\ÕOÕUGÕV
$OPDQL\DQÕQ Pԥ÷OXEL\\ԥtindԥn sonra Nyurenberq prosesindԥ ekspertlԥrin
bir qrupX *HVVLQ VD÷ODPOÕ÷ÕQÕ QRUPDO KHVDE HWVԥlԥr dԥ, bԥzilԥri ona isterik vԥ
SVL[RSDWLN GLDTQR]X TR\GX÷XQGDQ ùSDQGDX KԥEV[DQDVÕQD VDOÕQGÕ Yԥ burada 93
\DúÕQDTԥdԥUTDOÕEVRQGD|]Q|OGUG
+LWOHULQ ³EHúOL\´LQԥ daxil olan sonuncu lider Ulrix )ULGUL[ 9LOOL øRDKLm
Ribbentrop 1893-FLODSUHOLQ-GDDQDGDQROPXúGX$WDVÕKԥUEoLDQDVÕLVԥ evdar
qaGÕQLGL%LUPGGԥWøVYHoUԥdԥ)UDQVDGDøQJLOWԥrԥ vԥ .DQDGDGD\DúDGÕTGDQVRQUD
$OPDQL\D\DTD\ÕWPÕúGÕ+LWOHUOԥ LONWDQÕúOÕ÷Õ-ci ilin avqustunda oldu. Hԥmin
vaxtdan RQODUÕQDUDVÕQGDVÕ[PQDVLEԥtlԥU\DUDQGÕ+LWOHULQKDNLPL\\ԥtindԥ paralel
strukturlar hԥr sahԥdԥ P|YFXG ROGX÷X NLPL [DULFL VL\DVԥtdԥ dԥ |]Q J|VWԥrirdi.
MԥsԥlԥQSDUWL\DQÕQ[DULFLVL\DVԥt idarԥsinԥ $OIUHG5R]HQEHUTEDúoÕOÕTHWGL\LKDOGD
ELUEDúD+LWOHUԥ tabe olan ³5LEEHQWURSEURVX´GDIԥaliyyԥWJ|VWԥrirdi. Eyni vaxtda,
[DULFLLúOԥr naziri vԥzifԥsini fon Neyrat tuturdu.
Ribbentropun diplomatik fԥaliyyԥtindԥ ilk ciddi cԥhd Fransa ilԥ GDQÕúÕTODU
DSDUPDVÕLGL2ELUPGGԥW)UDQVDGD\DúDGÕ÷ÕQGDQúԥxsi ԥlaqԥlԥri dԥ YDUGÕ
1936-FÕ LO DYTXVWXQ -dԥ 5LEEHQWURS $OPDQL\DQÕQ øQJLOWԥrԥdԥ sԥfiri tԥyin
edildi. Hitlerin mԥqsԥdi Ribbentrop vasitԥsi ilԥ P|KNԥm alman-LQJLOLV LWWLIDTÕQD
QDLO ROPDT LGL 5LEEHQWURS øQJLOWԥrԥdԥ iki il sԥILU LúOԥdi. Fon Neyrat Hitlerin
Avstriya vԥ dH[RVODYDNL\DQÕWXWPDTSODQÕQDHWLUD]ÕQGDQVRQUD-FLLOIHYUDOÕQ-
dԥ vԥzifԥsindԥn azad edildi vԥ Ribbentrop onun yerinԥ tԥyin olundu.
1939-cu ilin avqustunda sovet-DOPDQ PTDYLOԥVLQLQ LP]DODQPDVÕQÕ
5LEEHQWURS|]QQԥQJ|UNԥPOLX÷XUXVD\ÕUGÕ
1941-ci ildԥQ VRQUD 5LEEHQWURSXQ QIX]X HQPԥyԥ EDúODGÕ 0KDULEԥnin
VRQODUÕQGD 5LEEHQWURS +LWOHULQ WDSúÕUÕ÷Õ LOԥ qԥUE PWWԥfiqlԥri ilԥ GDQÕúÕTODUD Fԥhd
J|VWԥrsԥ dԥ, bir nԥticԥ vermԥGL +LWOHULQ |OPQGԥQ VRQUD )OHQVEXUTGD K|NPԥt
TXUPXú 'HQLoVOԥn ԥlaqԥdar qurPDVÕ GD EDú WXWPDGÕ $GPLUDO 'HQLoV ELOGLUGL NL
Ribbentrop daha nazir deyildir.
1945-ci il iyunun 14-dԥ Hamburqda Ribbentropu tԥVDGIԥn bir ingilis
patrulu hԥbs etdi.
1\XUHQEHUTWULEXQDOÕLVԥ RQDDVÕOPDTODHGDPFԥ]DVÕNԥsdi.
,9%g/h0
5ø%%(17523-MOLOTOV 3$.7,1,1ø0=$/$10$6,
32/ù$1,1$/0$1ø<$9Ԥ629(7ø77ø)$4,7Ԥ5Ԥ)ø1'Ԥ1øùö$/
('ø/0Ԥ6øø.ø1&ø'h1<$+Ԥ5%ø1ø1%$ù/$10$6,
1939-cu ilin avqustun 23-dԥ 665ø LOԥ $OPDQL\D DUDVÕQGD SDNWÕQ

LP]DODQPDVÕ GQ\DGD JHGԥn hadisԥlԥrԥ vԥ øNLQFL 'Q\D KԥUELQLQ EDúODQPDVÕQD
ciddi tԥsir etdi. 4H\G ROXQPDOÕGÕU NL LP]DODQPÕú SDNWD P[WԥOLI |ONԥlԥrdԥ
PQDVLEԥt dԥ fԥUTOL L]DK ROXQPDTGDGÕU 4ԥrb tԥGTLTDWoÕODUÕ EX SDNWÕQ
LP]DODQPDVÕQGD GDKD oR[ 6RYHW øWWLIDTÕQÕ PKDNLPԥ etmԥkdԥdirlԥr. Sovet
WDUL[oLOԥri isԥ bu DGGÕPÕQDWÕOPDVÕQÕ \DUDQPÕú úԥraitiQ PUԥkkԥbliyi ilԥ L]DKHWPLú
vԥ xarici siyasԥtdԥ G]JQDGGÕPRODUDTTL\PԥtlԥQGLUPLúOԥr. (275)
1980-ci illԥrin sonu, 90-FÕ LOOԥrin ԥvvԥllԥrindԥQ EDúOD\DUDT VRYHW
DUDúGÕUÕFÕODUÕ GD SDNWÕQ LP]DODQPDVÕQGD ELUWԥrԥIOL \DQDúPDGÕODU +ԥtta sovet
mԥWEXDWÕQGD KԥPLQ SDNWÕQ VRYHW G|YOԥtinԥ vԥ GQ\D LFWLPDL\\ԥtinԥ YXUGX÷X
zԥrԥrdԥQGDQÕúÕOPD÷DEDúODQGÕ
Qeyd edԥk ki, 1939-FXLOLQ\D\ÕQGD665ø-nin hԥrbi-VL\DVLúԥraiti belԥ idi ki:
birincisi ± øQJLOWԥrԥ vԥ Fransa ilԥ hԥUELPTDYLOԥyԥ nail olmaq; ikincisi ± tԥklikdԥ
TDOPDT oQFV ± Almaniya ilԥ PTDYLOԥ ED÷ODPDT ùEKԥsiz ki, burada daha
gԥrԥNOLDGGÕPTDUúÕOÕTOÕ \DUGÕPúԥrtlԥri ԥVDVÕQGDLQJLOLV-IUDQVÕ] VRYHW PTDYLOԥsini
imzalamaq vԥ EXQXQOD IDúLVW $OPDQL\DVÕQD TDUúÕ NRDOLVL\D \DUDWPDT LGL /DNLQ
6RYHW øWWLIDTÕ TԥUE G|YOԥtlԥri ilԥ PXPL UD]ÕOÕ÷D Jԥlԥ bilmԥGL ԤOEԥttԥ, hԥr iki
tԥrԥILQ EX UD]ÕODúPDQÕQ EDú WXWPDVÕQGD JQDKÕ YDUGÕ 6RYHW G|YOԥtinin ԥsas sԥhvi
ondan ibarԥt idi ki, o, qԥUE G|YOԥtlԥrinԥ |]QQ GúPԥQL NLPL ED[ÕU Yԥ Hitler
$OPDQL\DVÕLOԥ RQDTDUúÕJL]OLSODQKD]ÕUODQPDVÕQGDQHKWL\DWODQÕUGÕ4ԥUEG|YOԥtlԥri
isԥ hԥqiqԥtԥQ 665ø LOԥ \D[ÕQODúPDT DU]XVXQGD GH\LOGLOԥU 665ø LOԥ DSDUÕODQ
GDQÕúÕTODUGDQLVԥ Almaniyaya tԥsir vasitԥsi olaraq istifadԥ edirdilԥr.
(\QL]DPDQGDøQJLOWԥrԥ vԥ )UDQVDIDúLVWWԥFDY]Qúԥrqԥ \|Qԥldib, alman
VLODKÕLOԥ VRVLDOLVWG|YOԥtini mԥhv etmԥk mԥqsԥdini dԥ JGUGOԥU;VXVԥn belԥ bir
istԥN øQJLOWԥrԥ )UDQVD øWDOL\D Yԥ $OPDQL\DQÕQ LúWLUDNÕ LOԥ NHoLULOԥQ 0QKHQ
NRQIUDQVÕQGD |]Q ELUX]ԥ YHUPLúGL 0ԥhz hԥPLQ NRQIUDQVGD dH[RVODYDNL\DQÕQ
E|OQPԥsi qԥUDUÕYHULOPLúGL
øQJLOLVWԥGTLTDWoÕODUÕQGDQ5;D\W'0RULVYԥ A.Peters qeyd edirlԥr ki, ԥsas
sԥbԥERQGDGÕUNLøQJLOWԥrԥ, Fransa vԥ 6RYHWøWWLIDTÕDUDVÕQGDJHQLúLWWLIDT\DUDWPDT
PPNQ ROPDGÕ ԤNV KDOGD $OPDQL\DQÕQ TDUúÕVÕ DOÕQDUGÕ ) Fransa vԥ
Britaniya liderlԥri beynԥO[DOTVWDELOOL\LQTRUXQPDVÕQGDQGDKDoR[%HUOLQL5RPDQÕ
vԥ Tokionu sakitlԥúGLUPԥyԥ VWQON verirdilԥr.
1939-FX LOLQ \D]ÕQGD $OPDQL\DQÕQ 3ROúD\D KD]ÕUOÕT SODQÕ Pԥlum olanda
Avropada vԥziyyԥt kԥskin olaraq dԥ\LúGL 6RYHW G|YOԥWL øQJLOWԥrԥ vԥ Fransa ilԥ
ԥmԥNGDúOÕTVDKԥsindԥ cԥhdlԥrԥ EDúODGÕ0ԥOXPLGLNLE|\NG|YOԥtlԥU|]PDUDTODUÕ
dairԥsindԥQ oÕ[Õú HGLU \DUDQPÕú úԥraitdԥQ ID\GDODQPD÷D oDOÕúÕUGÕODU 2 G|YUGԥ
øQJLOWԥrԥQLQEDúQD]LULROPXú $QWRQLøGHQLQ \D]GÕTODUÕEXPԥQDGDoR[ PDUDTOÕGÕU
2 \D]ÕUGÕ ³dHPEHUOHQ 665ø LOԥ yeni ittifaqa cԥKG J|VWԥrmirdi, ԥksinԥ, Hitlerlԥ
\HQL GDQÕúÕ÷D oDOÕúÕUGÕ 0RVNYDGD DSDUÕODQ GDQÕúÕTODUOD SDUDOHO RODUDT /RQGRQGD
oR[JL]OLúԥkildԥ DOPDQQPD\ԥndԥliyi ilԥ GDQÕúÕTODUDSDUÕOÕUGÕ´V182)
/DNLQ øQJLOWԥrԥnin bWQ Fԥhdlԥrinԥ ED[PD\DUDT $OPDQL\D G|YOԥti
GDQÕúÕTODUGDQ TDoÕU YHULOԥn tԥkliflԥri qԥbul etmirdi. London isԥ Berlinԥ olduqca
oR[OX J]ԥúWOԥr vԥGHGLUGL $øGHQ \D]ÕUGÕ ³$OPDQ IDúLVWOԥri ilԥ UD]ÕODúPDTSODQÕ
ingilis diplomatiyasÕQÕQ KL\OԥgԥUOL\LQLQ EWQ GԥULQ TDWODUÕQÕ DoÕU 7ԥbii ki, onun
LNLTDWR\XQX0RVNYDGDQÕúÕTODUÕQÕQX÷XUXQDPDQHROGXYԥ 1939-cu ilin avqustunda
665ø øQJLOWԥrԥ vԥ Fransa hԥUEL QPD\ԥndԥlԥUL DUDVÕQGD ED÷ODQPÕú GDQÕúÕTODU
nԥticԥVL]TDOGÕ´V
Belԥliklԥ 665ø G|YOԥti tԥklԥnmԥmԥN oQ $OPDQL\D LOԥ PTDYLOԥ
ED÷ODPDTGDPDUDTOÕLGL
Eyni zamanda, ingilis-IUDQVÕ]-sovet ԥlaqԥlԥUL QDVLVW $OPDQL\DVÕ
rԥhbԥrliyindԥ QDUDKDWOÕT GR÷ururdu. HԥPLQ LOLQ PD\ÕQGDQ $OPDQL\DQÕQ ;DULFL
SiyasԥWøGDUԥsi rԥhbԥrliyi, RibbentropXQJ|VWԥULúOԥri ԥVDVÕQGD665ø-nin Berlindԥki
QPD\ԥndԥliyi ilԥ ELUEDúD ԥlaqԥyԥ JLUGL %X GDQÕúÕTODUGD KԥU LNL G|YOԥtin
\D[ÕQODúPDT PH\OOԥUL GDKD JFO KLVV ROXQXUGX $OPDQL\DQÕQ ;DULFL øúOԥr naziri
Ribbentrop isԥ øQJLOWԥrԥnin hԥPLQ G|YUGԥ DSDUGÕ÷Õ VL\DVԥti belԥ izah edirdi:
³%HOԥliklԥ, 1939-FX LOLQ \D]Õ $YURSDGD Yԥziyyԥtin kԥskinlԥúPԥsi ilԥ PúDKLGԥ
ROXQGXøQJLOWԥrԥnin Almaniya ԥWUDIÕQGDPKDVLUԥ \DUDWPDVÕJHWGLNFԥ JHQLúOԥnirdi.
Fransa isԥ øQJLOWԥrԥQLQ P|YTH\LQGԥ GD\DQGÕ +ԥU LNL G|YOԥtin Almaniyaya qDUúÕ
NRDOLVL\D \DUDWPDVÕQD DSUHOLQ RUWDODUÕQGD %ULWDQL\D Yԥ )UDQVDQÕQ 5XPLQL\D LOԥ
<XQDQÕVWDQD Wԥminat verilmԥVL KDTTÕQGDNÕ SODQÕ ԥlavԥ olundu. 1939-cu ilin
PD\ÕQGD LVԥ ingilis-IUDQVÕ]-WUN PTDYLOԥVL ED÷ODQGÕ 0RVNYD LOԥ GDQÕúÕTODU
EDúODQGÕ NL 6RYHW øWWLIDTÕQÕ $OPDQL\D\D TDUúÕ Kԥrbi ittifaqa daxil etsinlԥU øQJLOLV
siyasԥti mԥni daima artan hԥyԥFDQOD EUG %LVPDUNÕQ ³NRDOLVL\D GԥKúԥWL´
DGODQGÕUGÕ÷Õ bu hԥyԥcan mԥnԥ yuxusuz gecԥlԥUKHVDEÕQDEDúDJԥldi. Hadisԥnin belԥ
LQNLúDIÕQÕ J|UGNGԥ, biz 1939-cu ilin PD\ÕQ -dԥ dostluq vԥ LQNLúDI KDTTÕQGD
alman-LWDO\DQ PTDYLOԥVL ED÷ODGÕT %XQGDQ EDúTD 9DUúDYD\D X÷XUVX] Vԥfԥrdԥn
VRQUD IUHUԥ mԥslԥhԥW J|UGP NL $OPDQL\D ԥWUDIÕQGD PKDVLUԥQLQ EDúD
oDWGÕUÕOPDVÕQDLPNDQYHUPԥmԥNoQ5XVL\DLOԥ GDQÕúÕTODUDFԥhd etmԥk la]ÕPGÕU´
(330, s.177)
1939-cu ilin iyulun 4-dԥ Berlindԥki sovet sԥfirliyinԥ 665øLOԥ $OPDQL\DQÕQ
PXPL VԥrhԥdlԥU KDTTÕQGD PTDYLOԥ ED÷ODPDVÕ LOԥ ED÷OÕ JL]OL Pԥktub daxil oldu.
MԥNWXEGD J|VWԥrilirdi ki, Almaniya tԥrԥfi hԥU LNL G|YOԥtin 1914-F LOGԥki
sԥrhԥdlԥrini bԥrpa etmԥN DU]XVXQGD ROGX÷XQX ELOGLUPLúGLU -cu ilin avqustun
2-dԥ Berlindԥ Ribbentrop sovet sԥILUL 4 $ $VWD[RYOD V|KEԥtindԥ rԥVPL úԥkildԥ
bildirdi ki, Almaniya Qara dԥnizdԥQ EDúODPÕú %DOWLNԥ qԥdԥUNL EWQ ԥrazi
problemlԥUL]Uԥ oԥtinlik olmaGDQUD]ÕODúDELOԥr.
Hԥmin ilin avqustun 15-dԥ 0RVNYDGDNÕ DOPDQ VԥILUL ùXOHQEHUT 665ø-nin
;DOT ;DULFL øúOԥU .RPLVVDUÕ 0RORWRYGDQ RQX Wԥcili qԥbul etmԥ\L [DKLú HWGL
QԥEXOGD ùXOHQEHUT 5LEEHQWURSXQ EWQ PEDKLVԥli problemlԥri hԥll etmԥN oQ
Moskvaya gԥlmԥyԥ KD]ÕUROGX÷XQXELOGLUGL
Belԥ úԥraitdԥ 6RYHW øWWLIDTÕQÕQ YԥziyyԥWL oR[ PUԥkkԥE LGL 6RYHW G|YOԥti
oR[ULVNOLVL\DVLR\XQDEDúODPÕúGÕøQJLOWԥrԥ vԥ Fransa ilԥ DSDUÕODQGDQÕúÕTODUGDYDP
etsԥ dԥ RQODUÕQ 665ø-ni bԥrabԥUKTXTOX G|YOԥW NLPL J|UPԥk istԥmԥmԥsi
sԥbԥbindԥn bir nԥticԥ DOÕQPÕUGÕ$OPDQL\DLVԥ, ԥksinԥ6RYHWG|YOԥWLQLQPDUDTODUÕQÕ
nԥzԥrԥ DOPDTOD J]ԥúWԥ gedirdi. Bundan ԥlavԥ, o, sovet-yapon ԥlaqԥlԥrinin
\D[úÕODúPDVÕ oQ <DSRQL\D\D WԥVLU J|VWԥrmԥyi dԥ vԥd edirdi. Belԥ vԥziyyԥt
Xalxin-4ROoD\ÕQGD\DSRQODUODTDQOÕG|\úDSDUDQ665ø G|YOԥtini tԥmin edirdi.
Avqustun 23-dԥn 24-nԥ NHoԥn gecԥ Stalin, Molotov vԥ 5LEEHQWURSXQLúWLUDNÕ
ilԥ tԥlԥVLN UD]ÕODúGÕUÕOPÕú VRYHW-alman sԥnԥdlԥUL LP]DODQGÕ ELULQFLVL ± KFXP
etmԥmԥN KDTTÕQGD PTDYLOԥ; ikincisi ± AlmaniyanÕQ ELUWԥrԥIOL TD\GDGD ]ԥrinԥ
|KGԥliklԥU J|WUG\ JL]OL SURWRNRO 0TDYLOԥ avqustun 24-dԥ imzalansa da,
protokol uzun illԥr ictimaiyyԥtdԥQ JL]OL VD[ODQÕOGÕ 6ԥnԥdlԥrdԥ J|VWԥrilirdi ki,
alman-SRO\DN VLODKOÕ WRTTXúPDVÕ EDúODQDUVD DOPDQ TRúXQODUÕ 1DUYD 9LVla, Sana
oD\ÕVԥrhԥdlԥrindԥn kԥnara hԥrԥkԥt etmԥyԥcԥk, Finlandiya, Estoniya vԥ Latviyaya
GD[LOROPD\DFDT(\QL]DPDQGD$OPDQL\D665ø-QLQ%HVVDUDEL\DGDNÕPDUDTODUÕQÕ
da ifadԥ edirdi.
*L]OL SURWRNROODUÕQ 665ø Yԥ $OPDQL\D G|YOԥti tԥrԥfindԥQ LP]DODQPDVÕ
suverHQ ELU G|YOԥtin ± [VXVԥQ 3ROúDQÕQ KTXTODUÕQÕQ NREXG úԥkildԥ SR]XOPDVÕ
demԥk idi. Bu protokolu imzalamaqla 665ø G|YOԥti dԥ Lú÷DOoÕ SODQODUÕQÕ
JHUoԥklԥúGLUPԥk niyyԥtindԥ ROGX÷XQXJ|VWԥrirdi.
Uzun illԥULQTDGD÷DQÕQGDQVRQUD-cu ildԥ ³$UTXPHQWLLIDNWÕ´ qԥzetindԥ
oDS ROXQPXú ³JL]OL ԥlavԥ SURWRNRO´GD \D]ÕOPÕúGÕ ³$OPDQL\D LOԥ 665ø DUDVÕQGD
KFXPHWPԥmԥNKDTTÕQGDPTDYLOԥQLQLP]DODQPDVÕ]DPDQÕKԥr iki tԥrԥILQDúD÷ÕGD
imza edԥn sԥlahiyyԥtlԥri ciddi mԥxfi qaydaGD ùԥUTL $YURSDGD TDUúÕOÕTOÕ PDUDT
dairԥlԥrini m]DNLUԥ HWGLN%XP]DNLUԥ DúD÷ÕGDNÕQԥticԥyԥ gԥtirdi:
3ULEDOWLND G|YOԥtlԥrinԥ daxil olan (Finlandiya, Estoniya, Latviya, Litva)
vilayԥtlԥrin ԥrzi-siyasi yenidԥQTXUPDVÕ EDú YHUԥrsԥ /LWYDQÕQ úLPDO Vԥrhԥdi
Almaniya vԥ 665ø-nin maraq dairԥVL VD\ÕOÕU BununOD ED÷OÕ /LWYDQÕQ 9LOHQVN
vilayԥtinԥ RODQPDUDTODUÕQÕKԥr iki tԥrԥf etiraf edir.
3ROúD G|YOԥtinin tԥrkibinԥ daxil olan vilayԥtlԥrin ԥrazi-siyasi
yenidԥQTXUXOPDVÕKDOÕQGD$OPDQL\DYԥ 665ø-nin maraq dairԥsi sԥrhԥdlԥri tԥqribԥn
Narva, Visla vԥ 6HQDoD\ODUÕ xԥttindԥQNHoԥcԥk.
0VWԥTLO 3ROúD G|YOԥWLQLQ TDUúÕOÕTOÕ PDUDT GDLUÕVLQGԥ VD[ODQÕOPDT LVWԥyi vԥ
onun sԥrhԥdlԥrinin necԥ ROPDVÕ\DOQÕ]TDUúÕGDNÕVL\DVLKDGLVԥlԥULQLQNLúDIÕQGDQDVÕOÕ
olacaq. HԥU HKWLPDOD TDUúÕ KԥU LNL K|NPԥW EX VXDOÕ TDUúÕOÕTOÕ GRVWOXT úԥraitindԥ
hԥll edԥcԥklԥr. Gizli ԥlavԥ - protokol.
$úD÷ÕGD LP]D HGԥn sԥlahiyyԥtlilԥU $OPDQL\D K|NPԥti vԥ 665ø
K|NPԥtlԥULQLQUD]ÕOÕ÷ÕQÕQ|YEԥWLTD\GDGDDoÕTOD\ÕU
1939-cu ilin avqustun 23-dԥ LP]DODQPÕú JL]OL SURWRNROXQ -ci bԥndi belԥ
dԥ\LúLOLU NL /LWYD G|vlԥtinin ԥUD]LVL 665ø-QLQ PDUDTODUÕ GDLUԥsinԥ aid edilir, eyni
]DPDQGD/\XEOLQYRHYRGOX÷XYԥ 9DUúDYDYRHYRGOX÷XQXQELUKLVVԥVL$OPDQL\DQÕQ
maraq dairԥsinԥ DLGHGLOLU665øK|NPԥti Litva ԥrazisindԥ |]PDUDTODUÕQÕTRUXPDT
oQ [VXVL Wԥdbirlԥrԥ EDúOD\DQ NLPi, tԥELL RODUDT KD]ÕUNÕ DOPDQ-litva sԥrhԥdi ilԥ
PԥyyԥnlԥúGLULOLU NL Litva ԥrazisinin xԥritԥdԥ J|VWԥrilԥn cԥnubi-qԥrb xԥtti
$OPDQL\D\D NHoLU 6RQUD DoÕTODQÕU NL $OPDQL\D LOԥ /LWYD DUDVÕQGD RODQ WԥsԥUUIDW
ԥlaqԥlԥUL 6RYHW øWWLIDTÕQÕQ \X[DUÕGDNÕ Wԥdbirlԥri NHoLUԥrkԥQ SR]XOPDPDOÕGÕU
,;´
%X PTDYLOԥQLQ LP]DODQPDVÕ Kԥm Sovet, hԥm dԥ GQ\D LFWLPDL\\ԥWL oQ
J|]Oԥnilmԥ]ROGXԤJԥUELULQFLPTDYLOԥQLQDYTXVWKFXPHWPԥmԥk mԥqsԥdi
GDúÕGÕ÷ÕQÕ Tԥbul etmԥN PPNQ LGLVԥ, 28 sentyabr gizli protokolunun
LP]DODQPDVÕQÕQVOKQTRUXQPDVÕQDDLGL\\DWÕ\R[LGL
ùEKԥsiz ki, 1939-FX LOLQ VHQW\DEUÕQGD LP]DODQPÕú PTDYLOԥ 665ø
rԥhbԥrliyinin ciddi sԥhvi idi. MԥK]EXPTDYLOԥdԥQVRQUD665øԥrazisindԥ \DúD\DQ
DQWLIDúLVW P|YTHOL DOPDQODUD GD PQDVLEԥt dԥ\LúGL MԥsԥlԥÕQ -cu ilin
DYTXVWXQGD0RVNYDGDDOPDQVL\DVLPKDFLUOԥULoQDoÕOPÕúVD\OÕXúDTED÷oDVÕ
ED÷ODQGÕ 1940-FÕ LOLQ ԥvvԥllԥrindԥ isԥ hԥlԥ 30-cu illԥrdԥ 6RYHW øWWLIDTÕQD VUJQ
HGLOPLúDOPDQYԥ $YVWUL\DDQWLIDúLVWOԥri almanlara tԥhvil verildi.
SSRø LOԥ $OPDQL\D DUDVÕQGD LP]DODQPÕú PTDYLOԥnin ԥhԥmiyyԥtli tԥrԥfi
VRYHWG|YOԥWLQLQPGDILԥ qabiliyyԥWLQLDUWÕUPDToQLNLLOԥlavԥ YD[WTD]DQPDVÕQGD
J|UOUGVԥ VRQUDGDQ EX VWPO\ԥ dԥ P[WԥOLI \DQDúPDODU ROGX $UDúGÕUPDODU
J|VWԥULU NL EX LNLLOOLN PGGԥtdԥQ RUGXQX JFOԥndirmԥN oQ $OPDQL\D 6RYHW
G|YOԥtindԥn daha effektli istifadԥ HWGLD\PGGԥtindԥ $OPDQL\DG|YOԥWL|]Kԥrbi
SRWHQVLDOÕQÕ TDW-TDW \NVԥltdi. Ԥgԥr 1939-cu ilin ԥvvԥllԥrindԥ $OPDQL\DQÕQ Kԥrbi-
siyasi rԥhbԥUOL\L4Õ]ÕO2UGXQXJFOUԥqib olaraq qiymԥtlԥndirirdisԥ, lakin 1941-ci
ilin ԥvvvԥllԥrindԥ 665ø 6LODKOÕ 4YYԥlԥULQLQ [VXVԥn rԥhbԥr heyԥtinin zԥifliyi
qeyd olunurdu.
0TDYLOԥQLQ LP]DODQPDVÕQÕQ 665ø G|YOԥWL oQ KԥP PVEԥt, hԥm dԥ mԥnfi
tԥrԥflԥULYDUGÕ0VEԥt tԥrԥflԥULDúD÷ÕGDNÕODULGL
- 6RYHWøWWLIDTÕ iki cԥbhԥdԥ PEDUL]ԥdԥQX]DTODúDELOGLoQNLEXPTDYLOԥ alman-
\DSRQPQDVLEԥtlԥrindԥ oDW\DUDWGÕ
- 0TDYLOԥ NDSLWDOLVW|ONԥlԥULQLQ665ø-yԥ TDUúÕELUOԥúPԥVLQLQTDUúÕVÕQÕDOGÕ
0TDYLOԥnin mԥnfi tԥrԥflԥri:
- PTDYLOԥ 6RYHW[DOTÕQÕQYԥ 665ø-nin hԥrbi-siyasi rԥhbԥUOL\LQLQD\ÕTOÕ÷ÕQÕLWLUGLNL
EX GD VRYHW G|YOԥWLQLQ PKDULEԥnin ԥvvԥllԥrindԥki mԥ÷OXEL\\ԥWLQLQ EDúOÕFD
sԥbԥbinԥ oHYULOGL
- 665ø G|YOԥWLQLQ hPXPUXVL\D .E3-VÕ Yԥ Kominternin, elԥcԥ dԥ IDúL]Pԥ TDUúÕ
olan digԥUPEDUL]Oԥrin beynԥlxalq QIX]XQXDúD÷ÕVDOGÕ
Qeyd edԥk ki, hԥlԥ 1939-FX LOLQ PDUWÕQGDQ 6WDOLQ VRYHW-alman ԥlaqԥlԥrinin
\NVԥldilmԥsi vacibliyinԥ WR[XQXUGX6WDOLQ;9,,,3DUWL\D4XUXOWD\ÕQGDELOGLULUGL
³$PHULND VL\DVԥWLQLQ 5XVL\DQÕ $OPDQL\D\D PKDULEԥ aparmaq istԥyindԥ J|rmԥk
DU]XVXQX 3RWRoVNLQLQ -ci il tarixli mԥOXPDWÕQGDQ J|UQPԥkdԥdir.
3UH]LGHQW 5X]YHOWLQ LQDQÕOPÕú DGDPÕ Vԥfir Bullit EX V|]OԥUL GHPLúGL ³'HPRNUDWLN
G|YOԥtlԥrin istԥ\L EX RODUGÕ NL ùԥrqdԥ $OPDQL\D RPSHUL\DVÕ LOԥ 5XVL\D DUDVÕQGD
hԥUEL WRTTXúPD ROVXQ 2QGD GHPRNUDWLN G|YOԥtlԥU $OPDQL\D\D KFXP HGLE RQX
tԥVOLP ROPD÷D Pԥcbur edԥrdilԥU´ V +LWOHU 6WDOLQLQ EX oÕ[ÕúÕQD Wԥlԥsik
PQDVLEԥW J|VWԥrmԥk istԥmԥsԥ dԥ, ;DULFL øúOԥr Naziri Ribbentrop prosesi
VUԥtlԥndirmԥ\L YDFLE VD\PÕúGÕ +LWOHULQ 6WDlinԥ J|QGԥrdiyi teleqramdan sonra o,
$OPDQL\DQÕQ0RVNYDGDNÕVԥlahiyyԥWOLQPD\ԥndԥVLQL\DQÕQDGԥvԥWHWPLúGL
øONLQ GDQÕúÕTODU EDúD oDWGÕTGDQ VRQUD DYTXVWXQ -dԥ Stalin Hitlerԥ
DúD÷ÕGDNÕ Pԥ]PXQGD WHOHTUDP J|QGԥUGL ³ DYTXVW -FX LO $OPDQL\DQÕQ
reyxkansleri cԥnab A. Hitlerԥ. MԥNWXED J|Uԥ tԥúԥNNU HGLUԥP hPLG HGLUԥm ki,
KFXP HWPԥmԥN KDTTÕQGD VRYHW-DOPDQ PTDYLOԥVL |ONԥlԥULPL] DUDVÕQGDNÕ
PQDVLEԥtlԥULQ\D[úÕODúPDVÕQDGDKD\D[úÕúԥrait yaradacaq.
gONԥlԥULPL]LQ [DOTODUÕQÕQ |] DUDODUÕQGD GLQF PQDVLEԥtlԥrԥ HKWL\DFÕ YDUGÕU
$OPDQK|NPԥWLQLQKFXPHWPԥmԥNKDTTÕQGDPTDYLOԥQLQLP]DODQPDVÕQDUD]ÕOÕT
vermԥsi siyasi gԥUJLQOL\LDUDGDQJ|WUPԥN VOK \DUDWPDT Yԥ |ONԥlԥULPL]DUDVÕQGD
ԥmԥNGDúOÕTHWPԥNoQED]D\DUDGDFDTGÕU6RYHWK|NPԥti mԥnԥ hԥvalԥ etdi Sizԥ
bildirim ki, o, s. Ribbentropun avqustun 23-dԥ Moskvaya gԥlmԥsinԥ UD]ÕGÕU ø
6WDOLQ´V-185).
$OPDQL\DQÕQ ;DULFL øúOԥr naziri Ribbentropu Kremldԥ Stalin Molotovla
birgԥ TDUúÕODGÕ 7ԥԥFFEOLGLNLEX YD[WD NLPL0RVNYDGDROPDVÕQDED[PD\DUDT
sԥfir ùXOHQEHUT 6WDOLQOԥ bir dԥfԥ dԥ ROVXQ J|UúPԥPLúGL øQGL LVԥ 6WDOLQ |]
TRQDTODUÕTDUúÕOD\ÕUGÕ
Hԥr iki tԥrԥIDUDVÕQGDGDQÕúÕTODUX÷XUODJHWVԥ dԥ, bԥzi problemlԥr dԥ ortaya
oÕ[ÕUGÕ 0ԥsԥlԥn, Sovet tԥrԥIL 3ULEDOWLND |ONԥlԥULQL [VXVԥQ /LEDX OLPDQÕQÕ |]
maraq dairԥsindԥ VD[ODPD÷D oDOÕúÕUGÕ $OPDQ Wԥrԥfi bu problemԥ PQDVLEԥti
D\GÕQODúGÕUPDT oQ Hitlerlԥ mԥslԥhԥtlԥúPԥyi zԥUXUL VD\GÕ 2GXU NL GDQÕúÕTODU
PYԥqqԥWL RODUDT GD\DQGÕUÕOGÕ $[úDP VDDW -GD +LWOHULQ UD]ÕOÕ÷Õ DOÕQDQGDQ
VRQUD GDQÕúÕTODU \HQLGԥn FDQODQGÕ %X Gԥfԥ oԥWLQOLN ROPDGDQ PXPL UD]ÕODúPD
ԥVDVÕQGD PTDYLOԥ LP]DODQGÕ 0TDYLOԥ LP]DODQGÕTGDQ VRQUD \HPԥk stolu
DU[DVÕQGD 6WDOLQ +LWOHU KDTTÕQGD TÕVD WRVW V|\Oԥdi. Bildirdi ki, o, Hitlerԥ hԥPLúԥ
qeyri-adi ehtiram bԥslԥyir.
6RQUDODU 5LEEHQWURS |] [atirԥlԥrindԥ 6WDOLQ KDTTÕQGD \D]ÕUGÕ ³6WDOLQ LON
J|UúP]Gԥn mԥndԥ JFOWԥԥVVUDWR\DWGÕ2QXQD\ÕTGHPԥk olar ki, quru, lakin
dԥTLT PDQHYUL DoÕTUԥNOL GDQÕúÕT DSDUPDT VOXEX J|VWԥUGL NL |] IDPLOL\DVÕQÕ
QDKDTGDQGDúÕPÕU6WDOLQOԥ DSDUGÕ÷ÕPGDQÕúÕTODU mԥndԥ RQXQJFYԥ hakimiyyԥti
KDTTÕQGD WԥԥVVUDW \DUDWGÕ ELU Gԥfԥ ԥlini yellԥmԥVL 5XVL\DQÕQ LWLE-EDWDQ JHQLú
o|OOԥrindԥ, uzaq bir kԥndindԥ ԥmrԥ oHYULOԥQ EX DGDP NHoPLúGԥ KHo ELU oDUÕQ
EDFDUPDGÕ÷Õ ELU LúL ± 200 milyonluq imperiya ԥhalisini birlԥúGLUPLúGLU´ 03,
s.190)
5LEEHQWURS[DWÕUOD\ÕUGÕNL PTDYLOԥ LP]DODQGÕTGDQVRQUD6WDOLQԥ bildirdim
ki, bundan sonra almanlar vԥ ruslar bir dԥ silaha ԥODWPD]ODU6WDOLQFDYDEYHUPLúGL
³%X\XUXQEX PWOԥq belԥ ROPDOÕLGL´5LEEHQWURSXQLP]DODQDQ PTDYLOԥnin qԥrb
PWWԥfiqlԥrinԥ TDUúÕELUJԥ PEDUL]ԥyԥ ԥVDV \DUDWPDVÕILNULQԥ isԥ Stalin belԥ cavab
YHUPLúGL³0ԥQKHo]DPDQ$OPDQL\DQÕQ]ԥiflԥmԥsinԥ imkan vermԥrԥP´
5LEEHQWURS EXQXQOD ED÷OÕ [DWLUԥlԥrindԥ \D]ÕUGÕ ³6WDOLQLQ EX LNL ILNUL
]ԥrindԥ oR[GúQUGP2EXQXQOD nԥ demԥk istԥ\LUGL"6RYHWøWWLIDTÕQÕQNԥskin
tԥQTLGROXQPDVÕRQODUÕQ VÕUDVÕQGDøQJLOWԥrԥnin BerlindԥNL .HoPLúVԥfiri c. Nevim
+HQGHUVRQGDYDUGÕWԥsdiqlԥyirdi: Stalin Almaniya ilԥ RQDJ|Uԥ PTDYLOԥ ED÷OD\ÕE
NL IUHUL 3ROúD\D KFXPD LWԥlԥsin vԥ R \D[úÕ bilirdi ki, belԥ KDOGD øQJLOWԥrԥ vԥ
)UDQVD3ROúDQÕQWԥrԥfindԥ YXUXúDFDTODU $OPDQL\DQÕQ3ROúD]Uԥindԥ tԥxmin edilԥn
qԥlԥbԥsindԥQ VRQUD 5XVL\D ELULQFLVL VRQXQFX PKDULEԥdԥ itirdiyi vilayԥtlԥri geri
qaytaracaq, ikincisi isԥ VDNLW GD\DQÕE $OPDQL\DQÕQ TԥrE G|YOԥtlԥri ilԥ VDYDúGD
EWQ JFQ LWLUPԥsinԥ baxacaq, sonra isԥ OD]ÕPL DQGD 4Õ]ÕO 2UGXQXQ JF LOԥ
$YURSDQÕQEROúHYLNOԥúGLULOPԥsinԥ EDúOD\DFDT´V
$YTXVW PTDYLOԥVLQL LP]DODPDTGD GR÷UXGDQPÕ 6WDOLQ EX Pԥqsԥdi
JGUG"
V. Suvorov mԥúKXU³%X]TÕUDQ´ԥsԥrindԥ EXIDNWODUÕWԥsdiqlԥ\LUGL<D]ÕUGÕNL
Stalin hԥr vasitԥ ilԥ +LWOHUL PKDULEԥyԥ cԥlb edirdi. Mԥqsԥdi isԥ D\GÕQ LGL 6WDOLQ
RQD J|Uԥ PTDYLOԥni fikirlԥúPLúGL NL +LWOHULQ ԥli ilԥ øNLQFL 'Q\D PKDULEԥsini
EDúODVÕQ$YURSDnÕRFPOԥdԥn, AlmanL\DQÕ]ԥiflԥtsin. (334, s.170)
1LNLWD ;UXúúRY LVԥ úDKLGOLN HGLUGL NL PTDYLOԥQLQ LP]DODQPDVÕQGDQ VRQUD
6WDOLQúDGOÕTODELOGLULUGLNL+LWOHULDOGDWGÕPTDYLOԥ +LWOHUoQWԥlԥ idi.
0DUúDO Q. K. Jukov isԥ xatirԥlԥrindԥ \D]ÕUGÕ³2NLTDOGÕKFXPHWPԥmԥk
KDTTÕQGD$OPDQL\DLOԥ ED÷ODQPÕúPTDYLOԥyԥ6WDOLQLQRQDPLGEԥslԥmԥyinԥ elԥ
bir ԥVDV\R[LGL´V
6RYHW øWWLIDTÕQÕQ GRQDQPD DGPLUDOÕ 14 .X]QHWVRY LVԥ bildirirdi: ³6WDOLQ
Almaniya ilԥ PTDYLOԥQLQ JFQԥ o qԥdԥr dԥ inanPÕUGÕ hPXPL\\ԥtlԥ isԥ, o,
Hitlerԥ D]PLGHGLUGL´V
Bu mԥQDGD 1 6 ;UXúúRY 6WDOLQLQ [DUDNWHULQL RQXQ |] V|]Oԥri ilԥ
DoÕTOD\ÕUGÕ³0ԥQKHoNLPԥ LQDQPÕUDP|]P-|]Pԥ dԥ LQDQPÕUDP´V
ùEKԥVL]NL$OPDQL\DG|YOԥti ilԥ PTDYLOԥ ED÷ODPDT6WDOLQoQVԥrfԥli idi.
dQNL $OPDQL\DQÕQ 3ROúD Yԥ qԥUE G|YOԥtlԥri ilԥ PKDULEԥyԥ EDúODPDVÕ RQX
zԥiflԥdԥcԥk, iqtisadi cԥhԥtdԥQ5XVL\DGDQDVÕOÕYԥziyyԥtԥ VDODFDTGÕ
0TDYLOԥQLQ LP]DODQPDVÕQGD úEKԥVL] NL $OPDQL\DQÕQ GD [VXVL
PDUDTODUÕ YDUGÕ -FX LOLQ DYTXVWXQGD PTDYilԥQLQ LP]DODQPDVÕQD ELU JQ
TDOPÕú 2EHU]DOTEXUTGD $OPDQL\D 6LODKOÕ 4YYԥlԥULQLQ EWQ UԥhbԥUOL\LQLQ LúWLUDN
HWGL\L \Õ÷ÕQFDTGD +LWOHU GHGL ³-FL LOLQ SD\Õ]ÕQGDQ Pԥn Stalinlԥ birgԥ
DGGÕPODPD÷Õ qԥUDUD DOPÕúDP 6WDOLQOԥ mԥn yeganԥ DGDPODUÕT NL DQFDT Jԥlԥcԥyԥ
ED[ÕUÕT%HOԥliklԥ\D[ÕQKԥftԥlԥrdԥ alman-sovet sԥrhԥddindԥ ԥlimi Stalinԥ X]DGÕE
onunla birgԥ GQ\DQÕ \HQLGԥQ E|OPԥyԥ EDúOD\DFD÷ÕT *HQHUDO-polkovnik fon
Brauxiq vԥGYHULENL3ROúDLOԥ PKDULEԥQLELUQHoԥ hԥftԥyԥ \HNXQODúGÕUDFDTԤJԥr
o, mԥnԥ mԥruzԥ etsԥ\GL NL EXQXQ oQ LNL \D[XG ELU LO Wԥlԥb olunur, onda mԥn
KFXP HWPԥN KDTTÕQGD ԥmr vermԥzdim vԥ PTDYLOԥni Rusiya ilԥ GH\LO øQJLOWԥrԥ
ilԥ ED÷OD\DUGÕP %L] X]XQPGGԥWOL PKDULEԥ apara bilmԥrik. Bԥdbԥ[W oHUYOԥri
Daladye vԥ dHPEHUOHQL0QKHQGԥ WDQÕdÕm. Onlar hԥddindԥQDUWÕTTRU[DTGÕUODUYԥ
bizԥ KFXPHGԥ bilmԥzlԥU2QODUEL]LPKDVLUԥyԥ dԥ ala bilmԥzlԥUԤNVLQԥ, bizim
|]DYWDUL\DPÕ]LTWLVDGLVL\DVԥt ± N.Y.) vԥ UXV[DPPDOÕPÕ]YDU3ROúDERúDOGÕODFDT
vԥ almanlarla doldurulacaq. MԥQLP3ROúDLOԥ PTDYLlԥP\DOQÕ]YD[WÕXGPDToQ
LGL hPXPL\\ԥtlԥ, cԥQDEODU 3ROúD LOԥ nԥ HWPLúԥmsԥ, Rusiya ilԥ dԥ REDú YHUԥcԥk.
6WDOLQLQ|OPQGԥQVRQUDRoR[D÷ÕU[ԥstԥGLUEL]6RYHW5XVL\DVÕQÕ ԥlԥ NHoLULULN
2QGD DOPDQ GQ\D D÷DOÕ÷ÕQÕQ JQԥúL NLPL oÕ[DFDT øQGLNL úԥrait EL]LP oQ
olduqca ԥOYHULúOLGLU 0ԥQLP \DOQÕ] ELU TD\÷ÕP YDU NL ROVXQ NL dHPEHUOHQ \D[XG
EDúTDELUD[PDT Pԥnԥ \D[ÕQODúÕEúԥriklik tԥklif etsin. Onda mԥn onu pillԥkԥndԥn
DWDUDP´V
0DUDTOÕGÕU NL LVWԥr Hitler, istԥrsԥ dԥ 6WDOLQ |]Oԥrini hԥr LNL G|YOԥW DUDVÕQGD
ED÷ODQPÕú PTDYLOԥnin ilk tԥúԥEEVNDUODUÕ NLPL Wԥqdim etmԥyԥ oDOÕúÕUGÕODU
*|UQUKԥULNLOLGHU|]OԥULQLQ³X]DTJ|UԥQ´VL\DVԥWoLLPLFLQLLWLUPԥk istԥmirdilԥr.
'R÷UXGXU 0RORWRY Kԥr vasitԥ ilԥ tԥsdiqlԥyirdi ki, mԥhz Stalinin XVIII
Parti\D 4XUXOWD\ÕQGDNÕ oÕ[ÕúÕ $OPDQL\D LOԥ PQDVLEԥtlԥULQ \D[úÕODúPDVÕQD Yԥ
PTDYLOԥQLQ ED÷ODQPDVÕQD WԥNDQ YHUGL %XQXQOD ED÷OÕ 0RORWRY ELOGLULUGL
³$OPDQL\DGD 6WDOLQ \ROGDúÕQ ILNULQL PXPL\\ԥtlԥ G]JQ EDúD GúGOԥU´
s.446)
/DNLQ $OPDQL\D ;DULFL øúOԥr QD]LUOL\LQLQ J|UNԥPOL QPD\ԥndԥsi, avqust
PTDYLOԥVLQLQ LP]DODQPDVÕQGD 5LEEHQWURSXQ WԥUFPԥoLVL ROPXú +LPPOHU \D]ÕUGÕ
NL R KHo ]DPDQ Qԥ Hitlerdԥn, nԥ dԥ 5LEEHQWURSGDQ 6WDOLQLQ oÕ[ÕúÕQÕQ 6RYHW
G|YOԥtinin xarici siyasԥt kursunun dԥ\LúPԥVLQLQ VEXWX ROGX÷XQX HúLWPԥPLúGL 4.
+LPHU \D]ÕUGÕ ³ DYTXVWGDNÕ GDQÕúÕTODU oR[ VDGԥ J|UQUG &ԥnab Ribbentrop
yeni tԥkliflԥr gԥtirmԥPLúGL R PTDYLOԥni vԥ ԥlavԥ JL]OL SURWRNROX WH] LP]DOD\ÕE
TD\ÕWPDTLVWԥ\LUGL´
0TDYLOԥ imzalanmazdan bir qԥdԥr ԥvvԥO ;DULFL øúOԥU .RPLVVDUÕ 0DNVLP
Litvinovun qԥflԥtԥn vԥzifԥsindԥQoÕ[DUÕOÕE KHoELUVԥbԥEJ|VWԥrilmԥdԥn Molotovla
ԥvԥ] ROXQPDVÕ GD PDUDTOÕ LGL .|KQԥ kommunist Litvinov 1930-1939-cu illԥrdԥ
;DULFL øúOԥU .RPLVVDUÕ LúOԥPLúGL øúGԥQ oÕ[DUÕOPDVÕ LOԥ ED÷OÕ DoÕTODPD YHUPԥyԥn
Moskva isԥ susurdu.
Almaniyada isԥ 6WDOLQLQ EX DGGÕPÕQÕ GLDORTD Gԥvԥt kimi qԥbul etdilԥr.
dQNL /LWYLQRY LQJLOLV-IUDQVÕ] [ԥttinԥ VWQON YHULU +LWOHUGԥQ PGDILԥ olunmaq
oQ ³$YURSDGD ³NROOHNWLY WԥKONԥVL]OLN´ VLVWHPL´ \DUDWPD÷D oDOÕúÕUGÕ %XQGDQ
ԥlavԥ, Litvinov hԥm dԥ yԥhudi idi. YԥQL +LWOHU oQ Tԥbuledilmԥz idi. Stalin isԥ
gԥlԥcԥk rԥfiqlԥULQL ³ԥQ \D[úÕ KLVVOԥULQL´ Wԥhqir etmԥk istԥmirdi: rus mԥQúԥli
Molotov isԥ G|YOԥtdԥ LNLQFLúԥ[VVD\ÕOÕUYԥ RQXQLP]DVÕGDKDQIX]OXLGL
Eyni zamanda, Moskva ilԥ danÕúÕTODUÕQԥVDVÕQÕ5LEEHQWURSTR\PXúGX+ԥlԥ
1938-ci ilin aprelindԥ Hitlerԥ J|QGԥrdiyi mԥruzԥsindԥ ELOGLULUGLNL6RYHWøWWLIDTÕQÕQ
|]QE|\NG|YOԥtlԥrin tԥrԥfindԥn istifadԥ etmԥNOD]ÕPGÕU665øKD]ÕUGD³Tԥhvԥyi
5H\[Óԥ PKDULEԥ DSDUPDT LTWLGDUÕQGD GH\LOGir. Ԥgԥr Almaniya-øWDOL\D-Yaponiya
ԥmԥNGDúOÕ÷ÕQD665øGԥ TRúXODUVDRQGD$OPDQL\DQÕQTԥlԥbԥsi tԥPLQROXQDFDTGÕU
5LEEHQWURSXQ LGH\DVÕQGDNÕ \HQLOLN EHOԥ \HNXQODúÕUGÕ ³'HPRNUDWLN
G|YOԥtlԥrlԥ WRWDO G|YOԥtlԥU DUDVÕQGDNÕ XoXUXP GDLPD E|\\ԥcԥk, odur ki, totalitar
G|YOԥtlԥU PXPL Pԥqsԥdlԥrԥ QDLO ROPDT oQ JFO NRDOLVL\DGD ELUOԥúPԥlidirlԥU´
(372, s.447)
1922-FL LOLQ PD\ÕQGD øWDOL\D LOԥ $OPDQL\D DUDVÕQGD Vԥsli-N\O WԥFDY]NDU
³3RODG DNW´ LP]DODQPÕúGÕ øWDOL\DQÕQ ;DULFL øúOԥU QD]LUL dLDQR EX PTDYLOԥdԥn
sonra gQGԥliyindԥ \D]PÕúGÕ ³0ԥQ KHo ELU ]DPDQ EHOԥ sԥnԥG J|UPԥPLúԥm. Bu
PTDYLOԥ ԥVOGLQDPLWGLU´V
7DUL[oLOԥr belԥ hesab edirlԥr ki, mԥhz bu hadisԥdԥn sonra Hitler dԥ 665øLOԥ
PTDYLOԥ UD]ÕOÕ÷ÕQÕIRUPDODúGÕUPD÷ÕTԥUDUDDOGÕ
Qeyd edԥN NL PTDYLOԥ bD÷ODQDQ ԥrԥfԥdԥ 6RYHW øWWLIDTÕQÕQ YԥziyyԥWL oR[
PUԥkkԥb idi. Qԥrbdԥ - IDúLVW $OPDQL\DVÕ ùԥrqdԥ - Yaponiya tԥKONԥsi. øQJLOWԥrԥ
vԥ Fransa isԥ 665ø LOԥ UD]ÕODúPDT LVWԥPLU 0RVNYD GDQÕúÕTODUÕQD LNLQFL dԥrԥcԥli
mԥPXUODUÕ J|QGԥrirdilԥr. HԥWWD 6RYHW øWWLIDTÕ 939-FX LOLQ \D]ÕQGD $OPDQL\DQÕQ
ticarԥW PTDYLOԥVL ED÷ODPDT Wԥklifinԥ dԥ reaksiya vermԥPLú LQJLOLV-IUDQVÕ]
PTDYLOԥsinԥ PLG EԥslԥPLúGL /DNLQ EX DOÕQPDGÕTGD 665ø-nin tԥcrid olunmaq
tԥKONԥVL UHDOODúGÕTGD 6WDOLQ $OPDQL\D LOԥ PTDYLOԥQL LP]DOD\ÕE +LWOHUGԥn
mԥharԥtlԥ istifadԥ etdi. (319, s.170)
665ø LOԥ $OPDQL\D DUDVÕQGD LP]DODQPÕú PTDYLOԥyԥ PKDFLUԥtdԥ \DúD\DQ
NHoPLúVRYHWOLGHUOԥri dԥ birmԥQDOÕPQDsibԥtlԥ \DQDúPDGÕODU-cu ildԥn Sovet
øWWLIDTÕQÕ Wԥrk etmԥk mԥcburiyyԥtindԥ TDOPÕú /HY 7URWVNL V.3) qԥzetdԥ nԥúU
etdirdiyi mԥqalԥsinԥ belԥ EDúOÕT TR\PXúGX ³6WDOLQ +LWOHULQ LQWHQGDQWÕGÕU´
(tԥsԥUUIDWLúOԥrinԥ ED[DQÕGÕU± N.Y). Hԥmin mԥqalԥsindԥ Trotski Stalinin rԥhbԥrlik
HWGL\L |ONԥnin fԥlakԥtԥ X÷UD\DFD÷ÕQÕ ԥvvԥlcԥdԥn bildirir vԥ sovet fԥhlԥlԥrini onu
devirmԥyԥ oD÷ÕUÕUGÕV
6WDOLQúEKԥVL]NL7URWVNLQLQP|YTH\LQLTԥbul etmirdi vԥ onun belԥ kԥskin
oÕ[ÕúODUÕQGDQ VRQUD %HUL\D\D RQX DUDGDQ J|WUPԥN KDTTÕQGD PYDILT WDSúÕUÕT
YHUGL ;'ø. DJHQWL 1DXP (\WLQTRQXQ 0HNVLNDGD NHoLUGL\L ԥmԥOL\\DWGD D÷ÕU
\DUDODQÕE VD÷ TDODQ 7URWVNLQL GLJԥr agent ± øVSDQL\D LQTLODE RUGXVXQXQ NHoPLú
OH\WHQDQWÕ5DPRQ0HUNDGHUDOSLQLVWEDOWDVÕLOԥ YXUXE|OGUGV
Qeyd edԥN NL PTDYLOԥQLQ LP]DODQPDVÕQGDQ oR[ LOOԥr sonra bu sԥnԥdԥ
KTXTL-siyasi qiymԥt verildi. 1989-cu ildԥ 665ø ;DOT 'HSXWDWODUÕ 4XUXOWD\Õ
nԥfԥrdԥn ibarԥW NRPLVVL\D \DUDWGÕ .RPLVVL\D\D 6L\DVL %URQXQ ]Y 6RY ø.3
MK katibi A. N. <DNRYOHY EDúoÕOÕT HWGL .RPLVVL\D D\GÕQODúGÕUGÕ NL 665ø
Ali Soveti 1939-cu ilin avqustun 31-dԥ KFXP HWPԥmԥk hDTTÕQGD PTDYLOԥni
P]DNLUԥ etmԥdԥQ UDWLILNDVL\D HWPLúGLU øVWԥU KFXP HWPԥmԥN KDTTÕQGD -cu
LOLQDYTXVWPTDYLOԥsi, istԥrsԥ dԥ dostluq vԥ sԥrhԥdlԥUKDTTÕQGDVHQW\DEUYԥ
digԥU PTDYLOԥlԥr 1941-ci ildԥ $OPDQL\DQÕQ 665ø ]ԥrinԥ KFXP HWPԥsi ilԥ
TYYԥdԥQGúPúGU%XQXQODED÷OÕ665ø[DOTODUÕQÕQ-FXLOLQGHNDEUÕQ-dԥ
NHoLULOԥQTXUXOWD\ÕTԥUDUDDOGÕ
QԥUDUGD J|VWԥULOLUGL ³ 665ø ;DOT 'HSXWDWODUÕ 4XUXOWD\Õ -cu ilin 23
avqustunda vԥ sonradan Almaniya ilԥ LP]DODQPÕú PTDYLOԥlԥUL P]DNLUԥ edir.
4XUXOWD\ JL]OL SURWRNROODUÕ LP]DODQGÕ÷Õ JQGԥQ KTXTL ԥVDVÕ ROPD\DQ Vԥnԥdlԥr
KHVDEHGLU´
3URWRNROODU 6RYHW K|NPԥtinԥ oQF |ONԥlԥrlԥ DQODúPDTGD KTXTL ED]D
\DUDWPDGÕԥksinԥ, Stalinin vԥ onun ԥWUDIÕQÕQEDúTDG|YOԥtlԥrԥ JFJ|VWԥrmԥsinԥ vԥ
]ԥrinԥ J|WUG\|KGԥliklԥULSR]PDVÕQDúԥUDLW\DUDWGÕ´
Belԥliklԥ, sovet-DOPDQ PTDYLOԥsindԥn az sonra 1939-FX LOLQ VHQW\DEUÕQ -
dԥ $OPDQL\DPKDULEԥ elan etmԥdԥQ3ROúD\DKFXP HWGLV$OPDQL\DQÕQ
3ROúD\D KFXPX øNLQFL 'Q\D PKDULEԥVLQLQ EDúODQGÕ÷Õ JQ RODUDT WDUL[ԥ daxil
oldu. Belԥ vԥziyyԥtdԥ VHQW\DEUÕQ -dԥ øQJLOWԥrԥ vԥ )UDQVD K|NPԥWL 3ROúD LOԥ
PTDYLOԥlԥrinԥ ԥVDVODQÕE FLGGL WԥrԥGGGOԥrdԥQ VRQUD $OPDQL\D\D PKDULEԥ elan
etdilԥr. BelԥliklԥøNLQFL'Q\DPKDULEԥVLEDúODQGÕ
1939-cu ilin sentyaEUÕQ -dԥ 9DUúDYD úԥhԥri hԥlԥ DOPDQODUGDQ PGDILԥ
olunarkԥQ/YRYDOWÕQGD;HO\DUÕPDGDVÕQGDG|\úOԥr davam edԥrkԥn, gizli avqust
PTDYLOԥsi ԥVDVÕQGD VRYHW TRúXQODUÕ úԥrqdԥQ 3ROúD ԥrazisinԥ daxil oldular. (253,
s.271)
3ROúD K|NPԥWL EDúGD SUH]LGHQW 0RVoLoski vԥ $OL %Dú .RPDQGDQ 5ÕG]-
6PLTOL ROPDTOD 5XPÕQL\D\D NHoGLOԥU 5XPÕQL\DGDQ VRQUD )UDQVD Yԥ Londonda
yerlԥúԥQ 3ROúD K|Numԥti Lú÷DOoÕODUD TDUúÕ PEDUL]ԥsini davam etdirirdi. Bu
PGGԥtdԥ 9ODGLVODY 5DoNHYLo SUH]LGHQW 9ODGLVODY 6LQRUVNL LVԥ \HQL K|NXPԥtin
baúoÕVÕLGLOԥU4Õ]ÕO2UGXQXQ3ROúD\DGD[LOROPDVÕJQQGԥn ԥrazidԥ TDQOÕKDGLVԥlԥr
EDúODGÕ 6RYHW ԥsgԥrlԥUL TDUúÕODUÕQGD RODQODUÕ GD÷ÕGÕU R÷XUOD\ÕU Pԥhv edirdilԥr.
Nizami ordu hissԥlԥULQL DUGÕQFD ;'ø. KLVVԥlԥri, sonra isԥ ԥhalini kommunist
TD\GDODUÕQD Gԥvԥt edԥn komissarlar gedirdi. Sovet ԥsgԥrlԥUL 3ROúDQÕQ úԥrq
ԥyalԥtlԥrindԥ GDKD DPDQVÕ] Fԥza tԥWELT HGLU PONԥGDUODUÕ NHúLúOԥUL G|YOԥt
mԥPXUODUÕQÕVL\DVL[DGLPOԥULDUDGDQJ|WUUGOԥr. Minlԥrlԥ polyak ԥsgԥr vԥ zabiti
³.R]HOVN´ ³6WDUREHOV´ Yԥ ³2VWDWNRY´ hԥEV[DQDODUÕQD GROGXUXOGX +ԥbs edilԥn
SRO\DNODUÕQoR[XQXD÷ÕULúJԥncԥlԥrdԥn sonra sovet ԥrazisindԥki hԥEVGúԥrgԥlԥrinԥ
gԥtirdilԥr. 130-GDQoR[KԥEVGúԥrgԥVLRODQEX|ONԥdԥ GXVWDTODUÕQXFX]Iԥhlԥ ԥmԥyi
LVWLVPDU HGLOLUGL 3RO\DNODUÕ ԥsasԥQ .RO \DUÕPDGDVÕQa, Kolmaya vԥ cԥnubi
Ukraynaya yerlԥúGLUGLOԥU3ROúDGDTDODQODUÕLVԥ 6RYHWG|YOԥWLQLQLGHRORML³TXO´XQD
oHYLUGLOԥr. Qorxu vԥ LúJԥncԥlԥrlԥ \DúD\DQELUSRO\DNúDLUL\D]ÕUGÕ³0ԥn istԥmirԥm
ki, Lvov sovetlԥULQ ROVXQ ODNLQ JQGԥ \] Gԥfԥ GúQG\PQ ԥksini deyirԥP´
(253, s.279)
665ø-nin nԥzarԥWL DOWÕQGD RODQ 3ROúD WRUSDTODUÕQGD VRYHW Lú÷DOoÕODUÕ NDWROLN
kilsԥsinԥ TDUúÕGD÷ÕGÕFÕPEDUL]ԥ DSDUÕUGÕODU$OPDQODUÕQQԥzarԥtindԥ RODQ3ROúDQÕQ
qԥrb hissԥsindԥ isԥ rԥVPLúԥkildԥ general qubernatorluq \DUDGÕOGÕs.28)
%X PGGԥtdԥ Almaniya vԥ 665ø PYDILT TD\GDGD Lú÷DOODUÕQÕ GDYDP
etdirirdilԥU 6RYHW øWWLIDTÕ DUWÕT (VWRQL\D /DWYL\D Yԥ /LWYDQÕ Lú÷DO HWPLú
5XPÕQL\DQÕGD%HVVDUDEL\DQÕYHUPԥyԥ mԥFEXUHWPLúGL
6RYHWTRúXQODUÕDUWÕT%XNRYLQDYԥ RQD\D]ÕQRODQ'XQD\GDNÕ %HVVDUDEL\DQÕ
Lú÷DOGDQ VRQUD ԥhalisi ԥsasԥn almanlardan ibarԥW RODQ ùLPDOL %XNRYLQDQÕQ
$YVWUL\D NRURQXQXQ WDUL[L WRUSDTODUÕ GD DOÕQPDVÕ +LWOHUL [VXVLOԥ saUVÕWGÕ 2
6WDOLQLQEXDGGÕPÕQÕUXVODUÕQTԥrbԥ EDVTÕQÕNLPLTԥbul etdi.
1940-FÕ LOLQ \D]ÕQGD ùԥrqi 3UXVVL\D 3ROúD Yԥ Bessarabiya sԥrhԥdlԥrindԥ
sovet-UXVTRúXQODUÕQÕQFԥmlԥúPԥsi xԥbԥri Hitlerԥ oDWGÕUÕOGÕ<DOQÕ]ùԥrqi Prussiya
TDUúÕVÕQGD VRYHW GLYL]L\DVÕ WRSODúPÕúGÕ +LWOHU EX KDGLVԥdԥn bԥrk narahat
ROPD÷DEDúODGÕ
1940-FÕLOLQDYTXVWXQGDDUWÕT+LWler general-IHOGPDUúDO.H\WHOOԥ V|KEԥtindԥ
sovet tԥKONԥVLQLQ DUWPDVÕQÕ TH\G HWPLúGL 0QKHQGԥNL ³4ԥhvԥ\L HY´Gԥ, Hitler
RQXQ oQ WLNLOPLú [VXVL NRUSXVGD 5LEEHQWURSOD V|KEԥtindԥ 6RYHW G|YOԥtinin
P|YTH\LQGԥQ QDUD]Õ TDOGÕ÷ÕQÕ ELOGLUPLúGL 5XV TRúXQODUÕQÕQ \eni hԥrԥkԥtlԥri
KDTTÕQGD GD[LO RODQ PԥOXPDWODU +LWOHUL FRúGXUXUGX (\QL ]DPDQGD DOPDQ
Pԥssisԥlԥrindԥ kommunistlԥrin agentlԥrinin fԥaliyyԥWLQLQJFOԥnmԥVLKDTTÕQGDGD
mԥOXPDWODU DOÕQÕUGÕ $UWÕT +LWOHU 6WDOLQԥ vԥ 6RYHW G|YOԥtinԥ sԥUW PQDVLEԥtini
gizlԥtmirdi.
Ribbentrop xatirԥlԥrindԥ \D]ÕUGÕ³0ԥQEWQFLGGL\\ԥti ilԥ )UHUԥ bildirdim
ki, Stalindԥn tԥFDY] J|]Oԥmԥk olmaz. MԥQ )UHUL ehti\DWODQGÕUGÕP NL 5XVL\D\D
TDUúÕ KԥU KDQVÕ ELU ԥNV DGGÕP DWÕOPDVÕQ. Mԥn hԥWWD %LVPDUNÕQ SUHYHWLY PKDULEԥ
KDTTÕQGD V|]Oԥrini dԥ [DWÕUODWGÕP ³$OODK |] Gԥ |]Jԥ xԥritԥsinԥ ED[PD÷D
TR\PXU´ +LWOHU EX Gԥfԥ ELOGLUGL NL R úEKԥ ilԥ \DQDúÕU ROVXQ NL \ԥhudilԥr
Moskvada Stalinԥ tԥVLU J|VWԥriblԥr. MԥQLP EWQ HWLUD]ODUÕPD ED[PD\DUDT R
bildirdi ki, hԥUHKWLPDODTDUúÕHKWL\DWKԥrbi tԥdbirlԥUJ|UOPԥOLGLU2oR[TD\÷ÕOÕYԥ
gԥUJLQ LGL´ V 6RQUDGDQ 5LEEHQWURSXQ Fԥhdlԥrinԥ baxmayaraq, Hitlerlԥ
6WDOLQLQ J|Uú EDú WXWPDGÕ %HOԥ ki, Stalin Rusiyadan, Hitler isԥ Almaniyadan
oÕ[PDT LVWԥmirdilԥr. Nԥticԥdԥ, problemlԥrԥ D\GÕQOÕT Jԥtirmԥk mԥqsԥdi ilԥ Xarici
øúOԥr naziri Molotovun Berlinԥ dԥvԥt edilmԥVLUD]ÕODúGÕUÕOGÕ
Molotov Hitlerlԥ V|KEԥtindԥ gizli protokola ԥsasԥQ)LQODQGL\DQÕQ5XVL\DQÕQ
maraq dairԥsindԥ ROGX÷XQX ELOGLUGL +LWOHU LVԥ fikrini dԥ\LúԥrԥN )LQODQGL\DQÕ
vermԥk istԥmirdi. Bu problemlԥ ED÷OÕ oR[ LQDGNDU GLVNXVVL\D ROGX +LWOHU [DKLú
edirdi ki, Molotov bu mԥsԥlԥdԥ RQDJ]ԥúWԥ getsin.
Molotov isԥ V|KEԥtindԥ $OPDQL\DQÕQ 5XPÕQL\D\D WԥPLQDWÕQGDQ 5XVL\DQÕQ
QDUD]Õ ROGX÷XQX ELOGLUGL +LWOHULQ 0RORWRYD FDYDEÕ EHOԥ oldu: nԥ qԥdԥr ki, Sovet
øWWLIDTÕ 5XPÕQL\D\D KFXP Htmԥk fikrindԥ deyil, onda bu tԥPLQDW GD RQD TDUúÕ
\|Qԥlmԥyib. Bu halda Molotov HitlerdԥQVRUXúGXRQGDVL]UD]ÕVÕQÕ]PÕNLEHOԥ bir
tԥPLQDWÕ 5XVL\D %ROTDUÕVWDQD YHUVLQ +LWOHU VRUXúGX %ROTDUÕVWDQ EX KDTGD VL]Gԥn
[DKLúHGLEPL"0RORWRYEXVXDOD\D\ÕQGÕUÕFÕFDYDEYHUGL
Hitlerlԥ 0RORWRYXQ V|KEԥti kifayԥtlԥQGLULFL ROPDGÕ Yԥ KHo ELU Tԥrara
gԥlinmԥdԥQVRQDoDWGÕ%XV|KEԥtdԥn sonra Hitlerdԥ qԥti tԥԥVVUDW\DUDQGÕNLDUWÕT
UXVODUFLGGLúԥkildԥ qԥrbԥ cԥhd edirlԥr. Odur ki, Hitler 1940-FÕLOLQGHNDEUÕQ-dԥ
VD\OÕ direktivi ilԥ ³0DULWVD´ԥmԥOL\\DWÕQÕ± <XQDQÕVWDQDKFXPXWԥsdiqlԥdikdԥn
VRQUD GHNDEUÕQ -dԥ ³%DUEDURVVD´ SODQÕQÕ ԥVDVODQGÕUDQ VD\OÕ GLJԥr sԥnԥdi
LP]DODGÕ³%DUEDURVVD´SODQÕQGDR6RYHWøWWLIDTÕQDKFXPSODQÕQÕEelԥ DoÕTOD\ÕUGÕ
³$OPDQ 6LODKOÕ 4YYԥlԥUL 6RYHW øWWLIDTÕQÕ Kԥtta ingilislԥrԥ TDUúÕ PKDULEԥni
bitirmԥdԥQ VUԥtli bir ԥmԥliyyatla ԥzmԥyԥ KD]ÕU ROPDOÕGÕUODU %|yN YD[W Wԥlԥb
edԥQEX KD]ÕUOÕTWԥlԥb edir ki, elԥ EX VDDWGDQEDúODPDOÕ-FLLOLQ PD\ÕQ-dԥ
\HNXQODúPDOÕGÕU 4ԥUEL 5XVL\DGDNÕ NWOԥvi rus ordusu zirehli WDQNODUÕ LOԥ mԥhv
edilmԥlidir... Son mԥqsԥG$VL\D5XVL\DVÕQDTDUúÕ9ROTDGDQEDúODPÕú$U[DQJHOVNԥ
qԥdԥU PGDILԥ xԥWWL \DUDWPDTGÕU 6RQUDGDQ 5XVL\DQÕQ 8UDOGD TDODQ VRQ Vԥnaye
UD\RQX³/XIWYDIIRU´mԥhv edilԥ bilԥU´V
6RYHW øWWLIDTÕQÕQ \UWG\ VL\DVԥW $OPDQL\DQÕ QDUDKDW HGLUGL $UWÕT
Moskvada ingilis-VRYHW GDQÕúÕTODUÕ EDúODPÕúGÕ øQJLOWԥrԥQLQ 665ø-dԥki sԥfiri
Stafford Krippe Kremldԥ Sovet rԥhbԥrliyi ilԥ GDQÕúÕTODUDSDUÕUGÕ
Eyni zamanda 6RYHW øWWLIDTÕQÕQ %DOWLN Gԥnizindԥn Qara dԥnizԥ qԥdԥrki
ԥrazidԥ JHQLúKD]ÕUOÕ÷ÕLOԥ ED÷OÕPԥlumatlar Almaniya rԥsmi dairԥlԥrinԥ oDWGÕUÕOÕUGÕ
0RVNYDQÕQVHUEoHYULOLúOԥULQLQK|NPԥWEDúoÕVÕ 6LPRYLoOԥ PTDYLOԥ ED÷ODPDVÕGD
sovet-DOPDQPTDYLOԥsindԥn uzaqlaúÕOGÕ÷ÕQÕJ|VWԥrirdi.
Hitler hԥlԥ 1938-ci ildԥ HKWL\DWODQÕUGÕNLøQJLOWԥrԥ vԥ Amerika kifayԥt qԥdԥr
VLODKODQDQ NLPL $OPDQL\D\D KFXP HGԥcԥklԥU 2 oԥNLQLUGL NL øQJLOWԥrԥ vԥ
$PHULND6RYHWøWWLIDTÕLOԥ PTDYLOԥ ED÷OD\DUVDRQGD$OPDQL\DKԥm Qԥrbdԥn, hԥm
dԥ ùԥrqdԥn tԥFDY]ԥ mԥruz qalacaq vԥ 1914-F LOLQ PKDULEԥsindԥ EDú YHUԥnlԥr
tԥNUDUODQDFDT+LWOHUEDúDGúUGNLLNLFԥbhԥdԥ X]XQPGGԥWOLPKDULEԥ aparmaq
oR[ oԥWLQ RODFDTGÕ 2GXU NL R LQJLOLV-DPHULNDQ JF 4ԥrbdԥ hԥrԥkԥtԥ gԥlmԥPLú
ùԥrqdԥ azad nԥfԥs almaq istԥ\LUGL +LWOHU ELU QHoԥ ay ԥrzindԥ 6RYHW øWWLIDTÕQÕ
mԥ÷OXE HWPԥk istԥ\LUGL /DNLQ RQXQ 6RYHW 2UGXVXQXQ LPNDQODUÕ Yԥ $PHULNDQÕQ
N|Pԥ\LKDTTÕQGDNÕVԥKYKHVDEODPDODUÕIԥlakԥtlԥ nԥticԥlԥndi.
665ø]ԥrinԥ KFXPHGԥrkԥQ+LWOHULQ|]-|]Qԥ o qԥdԥr dԥ LQDPOÕ deyildi.
6|KEԥtlԥrinin birindԥ ;DULFL øúOԥU QD]LUL 5LEEHQWURSD GHPLúGL ³%L] ELOPLULN NL
ùԥrqdԥ DoDFD÷ÕPÕ]TDSÕODUÕQDU[DVÕQGDKDQVÕJFGD\DQÕU´V
Almaniya-665ø PKDULEԥsi getdikcԥ ODEG [DUDNWHU DOÕUGÕ $OPDQL\D\D
TDUúÕøQJLOWԥrԥ, Amerika vԥ 665øoO\H\QLP|YTH\ԥ \D[ÕQODúÕUGÕ $OPDQL\DQÕQ
isԥ PQDVLEԥtlԥri zԥLI VD\ÕODQ øWDOL\D D] PLG EԥslԥnilԥQ <DSRQL\D G|YOԥti idi.
dQNL <DSRQL\D G|YOԥti Almaniya ilԥ UD]ÕODúPDGDQ -ci ilin aprelindԥ Xarici
øúOԥU QD]LUL <HVXNR 0DoXRNDQÕQ LúWLUDNÕ LOԥ 5XVL\D G|YOԥti ilԥ KFXP HWPԥmԥk
KDTTÕQGD PTDYLOԥ LP]DODPÕúGÕ 9ԥziyyԥtin belԥ gԥrginlԥúPԥsinin bir sԥbԥbi dԥ
Ribbentropun fikrincԥ, Qԥrb vԥ ùԥrq yԥKXGLoLOL\LQLQԥks-alman ԥlaqԥlԥri idi.
Bundan ԥlavԥ 6RYHW øWWLIDTÕ PKDULEԥyԥ FLGGL KD]ÕUOÕ÷D EDúODPÕúGÕ. Sovet
sԥrhԥdlԥULQLQ|]QGԥ EXKD]ÕUOÕTEHOԥ L]DKROXQXUGX³0KDULEԥdԥQTDEDTNÕLOOԥrdԥ
ordu yenidԥn tԥúNLO ROXQGX ԥrazi-PLOLV SULQVLSL ]Uԥ TXUXODQ TRúXQ KLVVԥlԥri vԥ
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tԥKONԥsizliyi kimi qԥbul edilԥcԥk.
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edirdi ki, tezliklԥ 5XVL\D $OPDQL\D\D TDUúÕ PKDULEԥyԥ EDúOD\DFDT $%ù-ÕQ
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oluna bilԥU4Õ]ÕO2UGXEXQDKD]ÕUGÕU
V. 6XYRURY \D]ÕUGÕ NL DUWÕT -cu ilin 19 avqustundan 665ø-dԥ ³JL]OL
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TRúXQODUÕQÕQ$OPDQL\D]ԥrinԥ 1942-ci ildԥ KFXPHGԥcԥyini ԥVDVODQGÕUÕUODU
Gizli sԥfԥrbԥUOLN KFXPOD \HNXQODúPDOÕ Yԥ ³0´ JQ HODQ HGLOPԥli idi.
Lakin, Hitlerin gizli sԥfԥrbԥrlikdԥn xԥbԥUL YDUGÕ Yԥ o, Stalini iki hԥftԥ TDEDTODGÕ
2GXUNL665ø-dԥ ³0´JQHODQHGLOPԥdi. (334, s.171)
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verdi.
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ùԥrq cԥbhԥsindԥ NHoLUԥQIHOGPDUúDOIRQ5XQGúWHGW vԥ $OPDQL\D4XUX4RúXQODUÕQÕQ
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(314, s.74)
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Minsk-1941-ci ilin avqustunda ± 323 min; Uman-1941-ci ilin avqustunda ± 103
min; Smolensk-Roslavl, 1941-ci ilin avqustunda ± 348 min; Qomel-1941-ci ilin
avqustunda - 30 min; Demyansk - 1941-FLLOLQVHQW\DEUÕQGD- 35 min; Kiyev-1941-
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126. +DFÕEԥ\OL&9LVEDGHQGԥQ- ùWDUDEHUTԥ³$]ԥUED\FDQ´MXUQDOÕ0QKHQ
N3, s. 3-4.
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N6-7,9. 3-4.
128. +LODO0$OPDQL\DE|KUDQÕ³øVWLTODO´Tԥ]HWL%HUOLn, 1932, N2.
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141. ³.DYNDV\D´MXUQDO0QKHQ1-12.
142. ³.DINDV\D´MXUQDO0QKHQ1-5, s. 48.
143. .ԥQJԥUOL 0 0ԥFLG 0XVD]DGԥ 4DUVDODQL ³ԤGԥEL\\DW´ Tԥ]HWL %DNÕ
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145. .ԥQJԥUOL0Ԥ'GԥQJLQVNLQLQKHVDEÕQDGDLU³.DYNDV\D´MXUQDOÕ0QKHQ
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1988, N 4, s. 38.
165. 0XVD]DGԥ 0 øQGL Yԥ \D KHo ELU ]DPDQ ³(OP´ Tԥ]HWL %DNÕ 1-47
(254-255).
166. 0XVD\HY1'HVԥP|OGUԥUOԥUGHPԥVԥP|OOԥP³ԤGDOԥW´Tԥ]HWL%DNÕ
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N237(21305).
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MXUQDOÕ$QNDUD1), 1954, s.12-14.
179. 5ԥVXO]DGԥ0Ԥ'HPRNUDVLYԥVRYHWOԥU³øVWLTODO´Tԥ]HWL%HUOLQ1
180. 5ԥVXO]DGԥ 0 Ԥ ԤVULPL]LQ 6ԥ\DYXúX dD÷GDú $]ԥUED\FDQ ԥGԥEL\\DWÕ
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181. 5ԥVXO]DGԥ0Ԥ$]ԥUED\FDQGDYDVÕ%DNÕ Ay-Ulduz, 1998, s. 64.
182. 5ԥVXO]DGԥ0Ԥ%ROúHYLNOԥULQùԥUTVL\DVԥWL%DNÕ6DEDKV
183. 5ԥVXO]DGԥ0Ԥ$]ԥUED\FDQ&PKXUL\\ԥWL%DNÕ(OPV
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186. ³6ԥUKԥG´Tԥ]HW%DNÕ[VXVLEXUD[ÕOÕúGHNDEU-ci il, N2-3.
187. 6RYø.37DUL[L%DNÕ
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194. 9ԥOL4ԥ\\XPXQoÕ[ÕúÕQÕQPԥWQL³$]ԥUED\FDQ´Tԥ]HWL%HUOLQ1).
195. <DTXEOX10VDYDW3DUWL\DVÕQÕQWDUL[L%DNÕ$\-Ulduz, 1997, s. 327.
196. <DTXEOX10ԥKԥPPԥGԤPLQ5ԥVXO]DGԥ%DNÕ*ԥQFOLNV
197. <DTXEOX1$÷UÕOÕ|PUOԥU%DNÕ<D]ÕoÕV
198. YaqubOX1+LWOHURQXWDQÕ\ÕUGÕ³6ԥKԥU´Tԥ]HWL%DNÕ1
199. <DTXEOX1+LWOHUOԥ]-]ԥ³$\GÕQOÕT´Tԥ]HWL%DNÕ1
200. <DTXEOX 1 0D\RU )ԥWԥOLEԥ\OL 'GԥQJLQVNL ³$]ԥUED\FDQ´ Tԥ]HWL %DNÕ
1992, N6(121).
201. <XUGVHYԥU Ԥ 9 $]ԥUED\FDQ LVWLTODO VDYDúÕQGDQ VԥKQԥOԥU ³$]ԥUED\FDQ´
202. ³<HQL4DITDVL\D´MXUQDOøVWDQEXO1
203. =H\QDORY 5 øEUDKLPOL ; 0VDYDW 3DUWL\DVÕQÕQ -ci il 27 Aprel
Lú÷DOÕQGDQVRQUDNÕIԥDOL\\ԥWLWDUL[LQGԥQ³0VDYDW´MXUQDOÕ%DNÕ N5, s.6-19.
5XVGLOLQGԥ
204. ȺɛɚɫɨɜɆȻɚɤɭɜɝɨɞɵȼɟɥɢɤɨɣɈɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɜɨɣɧɵȻɚɤɭȺɡɟɪɧɟɲɪ
1967.
205. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɯɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ ɋɬɚɪɚɣɫɹ ɫɧɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɱɢɫɬɨɟ ɢɦɹ ɢ ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟ Ƚɚɡɟɬ
ȻɚɤɢɧɫɤɢɣɪɚɛɨɱɢɣȻɚɤɭ1
206. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɯɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ Ɇɨɣ ɞɪɭɝ Ɏɚɬɚɥɢɛɟɣɥɢ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɥ" ɀɭɪɧɚɥ
ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɆɨɫɤɜɚ1ɫ-4.
207. ȺɥɚɧȻɭɥɥɨɤɋɬɚɥɢɧɢȽɢɬɥɟɪɌɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɊɭɫɢɱɫ
208. ȺɥɚɧȻɭɥɥɨɤɋɬɚɥɢɧɢȽɢɬɥɟɪɌɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɊɭɫɢɱɫ
209. ȺɥɚɧȽɄɟɪɤɉɢɫɶɦɨɚɞɦɢɪɚɥɚɠɭɪɧɚɥȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɆɸɧɯɟɧ
1ɫ-7.
210. ȺɥɞɚɧȺȽȺɪɦɢɹɨɛɪɟɱɟɧɧɵɯȼɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɹɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ
ɒɬɚɛɚɊɈȺɇɸ-ɃɨɪɤɢɡɞɋȻɈɇɊɫ
211. Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜɚ ȿ Ⱥ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥ ȼɥɚɫɨɜ ɢ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚɋɬɪɚɧɧɢɤɫ
212. ȺɪɬɟɦɶɟɜȼɉɉɟɪɜɚɹɞɢɜɢɡɢɹɊɈȺɄɚɧɚɞɚɢɡɞɋȻɈɇɊ
ɫ
213. Ⱥɭɫɤɢ ɋ ɉɪɟɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɚ ȼɨɣɫɤɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɚ ȼɥɚɫɨɜɚ ɜ ɑɟɯɢɢ
ɋɚɧ-ɎɪɚɧɫɢɫɤɨȽɥɨɛɭɫɫ
214. Ⱥɝɨɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ Ⱥɞɥɶɮɚ Ƚɢɬɥɟɪɚ ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɢɡɞ
ɞɨɦɁɜɨɧɧɢɰɚɫ
215. ȺɬɚɛɟɤɒɚɦɢɥɎɚɬɚɥɢɛɟɣɥɢɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ-ɣɦɢɪɨɜɨɣɜɨɣɧɵɀɭɪɧɚɥ
ȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɆɸɧɯɟɧ1ɫ-62.
216. Ⱥɫɤɟɪɨɜ-Ʉɟɧɝɟɪɥɢɧɫɤɢ Ⱥ Ɍɪɚɝɟɞɢɹ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɀɭɪɧɚɥ ɏɚɡɚɪ
Ȼɚɤɭ1
217. ȺɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵɢɮɚɤɬɵɝɚɡɟɬɆɨɫɤɜɚ1
218. ȺɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵɢɮɚɤɬɵɝɚɡɟɬɆɨɫɤɜɚ1989, N9.
221. ȺɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵɢɮɚɤɬɵɝɚɡɟɬɆɨɫɤɜɚ-ɫɟɧɬɣɚɛɪ
222. ȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɠɭɪɧɚɥɆɸɧɯɟɧ1
224. Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɆɸɧɯɟɧ1
228. Ȼɟɡɵɦɟɧɫɤɢɣ Ʌ Ⱥ ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɡɚ ɫɩɢɧɨɣ Ƚɢɬɥɟɪɚ Ɇɚɪɬɢɧ Ȼɨɪɦɚɧ ɢ ɟɝɨ
ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɢɆɨɫɤɜɚȼɟɱɟɫ
229. ȻɟɡɵɦɟɧɫɤɢɣɅȺȽɢɬɥɟɪɢɋɬɚɥɢɧɩɟɪɟɞɫɯɜɚɬɤɨɣɆɨɫɤɜɚɫ
230. ȻɟɡɵɦɟɧɫɤɢɣɅȺȽɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɵɫȽɢɬɥɟɪɨɦɢɛɟɡɧɟɝɨɆɨɫɤɜɚ
Ɇɵɫɥɶɫ
231. Ȼɟɪɥɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɉɨɬɫɞɚɦɫɤɚɹ Ʉɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɨɸɡɧɵɯ
ɞɟɪɠɚɜ- ɋɋɋɊɋɒȺɢȼɟɥɢɤɨȻɪɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɢɸɥɶ-ɚɜɝɭɫɬɝɆɨɫɤɜɚ
ɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
232. Ȼɨɪɢɫɨɜ Ⱥ ɇɟɡɚɛɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ -ɥɟɬɢɸ əɥɬɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ
ɉɨɬɫɞɚɦɫɤɨɣɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɣɆɨɫɤɜɚɁɧɚɧɢɟɫ
233. ȼɚɫɢɥɟɜɫɤɢ Ƚ Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜɫɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
198ɫ
234. ȼɨɡɝɪɢɧȼɋɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɭɞɶɛɵɄɪɵɦɫɤɢɯɬɚɬɚɪɨɜɆɨɫɤɜɚ
235. ȼɨɥɤɨɜɈɉɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɜɬɦɭɊɨɦɚɧ-ɝɚɡɟɬɚɆɨɫɤɜɚ1
236. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ
ɅɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɅɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɢɣɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɫ
237. ȼɨɪɨɧɟɧɤɨɜɚ Ƚ Ɏ ɉɭɬɶ ɞɥɢɧɨɸ ɜ ɩɹɬɶ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɣ ɨɬ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ȽɟɪɦɚɧɢɢɆɨɫɤɜɚəɡɵɤɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɫ
238. ȼɟɫɬɮɚɥɶ Ʉɪɟɣɩɟ ȼ Ȼɥɸɦɟɧɬɪɢɬ Ƚ Ȼɚɣɟɪɥɟɣɧ Ɏ ɐɟɣɬɰɥɟɪ Ʉ
ɐɢɦɦɟɪɦɚɧ Ȼ Ɇɚɧɬɟɣɮɟɥɶ ; Ɋɨɤɨɜɵɟɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ȼɟɪɦɚɯɬɚ Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ-ɧɚ Ⱦɨɧɭ
Ɏɟɧɢɤɫɫ
239. ȼɞɨɜɢɱɟɧɤɨȾɂȻɨɪɶɛɚɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɬɢɣɜɌɭɪɰɢɢ-ɝɝ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚɇɚɭɤɚɫ
240. ȼɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɆɨɫɤɜɚɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɫ
241. ȽɚɥɤɢɧȺȺȽɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɣɮɚɲɢɡɦɆɨɫɤɜɚɇɚɭɤɚɫ
242. Ƚɚɞɠɢɛɟɣɥɢ Ⱦ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɀɭɪɧɚɥ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ Ɇɸɧɯɟɧ
1ɫ-2.
243. ȽɚɞɠɢɛɟɣɥɢȾȽɞɟɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɵɫɦɵɤɚɸɬɫɹɫɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɢɤɚɦɢ
ɀɭɪɧɚɥȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɆɸɧɯɟɧ1ɫ-3.
244. Ƚɚɥɶɞɟɪ Ɏ ȼɨɟɧɧɵɣ Ⱦɧɟɜɧɢɤ Ɍ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ȼɨɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
ɫ
245. ȽɪɟɱɤɨȺȺȽɨɞɵȼɨɣɧɵ-ɝɝɆɨɫɤɜɚȼɨɟɧɧɨɟɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
ɫ
246. Ƚɟɪɦɚɧ Ʉ Ʉ ɉɪɚɜɞɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɥɠɢ ɨ ɜɨɣɧɟ Ɇɢɧɫɤ
ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɫɤɢɟɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ
247. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ Ⱥɪɯɢɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ȽȺɊɎ ɮɨɧɞ
ɘɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɸɡɨɜ -
ɝɝ Ɉɩɢɫɶ ɞɟɥɨ ɮɨɧɞ Ɉɛɳɟɤɚɡɚɱɶɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ
Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɨɣɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ-ɝɝɈɩɢɫɶɞɟɥɨɮɨɧɞ
ȺȺɮɨɧɅɚɦɩɟ-ɝɝɈɩɢɫɶɞɟɥɨ
248. Ⱦɭɝɚɫ ɂ Ⱥ ɑɟɪɨɧ Ɏ ə ȼɵɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɵɟ ɢɡ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɟ
ɜɨɟɧɧɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɟɦɟɠɞɭȽɢɬɥɟɪɨɦɢɋɬɚɥɢɧɵɦɉɚɪɢɠɂɦɦɚ-ɉɪɟɫ
ɫ
249. Ⱦɭɝɥɚɫ Ƚ ɒɟɮ Ƚɟɫɬɚɩɨ Ƚɟɧɪɢɯ Ɇɸɥɥɟɪ ȼɟɪɛɨɜɵɟ ɛɟɫɟɞɵ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɫ Ⱦɟɥɚɪɸ ɀ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ Ƚɟɫɬɚɩɨ
ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɊɭɫɢɱɫ
250. Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɵɣ ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɩɨɛɟɞɵ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɢ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ
Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɜɨɣɧɟ-ɝɝ
ȾɟɥɚɪɸɀɂɫɬɨɪɢɹȽɟɫɬɚɩɨɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɊɭɫɢɱɫ
252. Ⱦɨɣɱɟɪ ɂ Ɍɪɨɬɫɤɢ ɜ ɢɡɝɧɚɧɢɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɫ
253. Ⱦɵɛɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ Ⱥ Ɇɨɥɝɨɠɚɬɚ ɀ ɀɚɪɵɧ ə ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɉɨɥɲɢ ȼɚɪɲɚɜɚ
ɇɚɭɱɧɨɟɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɉȼɇɫ
254. Ⱦɪɨɛɹɡɤɨ ɋ ɂ ȼɬɨɪɚɹ Ɇɢɪɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɣɧɚ - Ɋɭɫɫɤɚɹ
ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɚɪɦɢɹɆɨɫɤɜɚȺɋɌɫ
255. ȾɪɨɛɹɡɤɨɋɂȼɬɨɪɚɹɆɢɪɨɜɚɹɜɨɣɧɚ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɟɥɟɝɢɨɧɵ
ɢɤɚɡɚɱɶɢɱɚɫɬɢɜȼɟɪɦɚɯɬɟɆɨɫɤɜɚȺɋɌɫ
256. ȿɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɟɧɨɜɨɫɬɢɝɚɡɟɬɚȻɚɤɭ11
257. ɀɭɤɨɜ Ƚ Ʉ ȼɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɢɡɞ
ɇɨɜɨɫɬɢɫ
258. Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜ Ɇ ȼ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɬɚɛ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɜɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ȼɨɟɧɧɨɟɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɫ
259. Ɂɨɛɤɨɜ Ⱥ ȼ ɇɟɦɟɰɤɢɟ ɚɧɬɢɮɚɲɢɫɬɵ ɜ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ Ƚɢɬɥɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɞɢɤɬɚɬɭɪɵɜ-ɝɝəɪɨɫɥɚɜɥɶɫ
260. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɊɋɬɚɥɢɧɢɫɸɡɧɢɤɢ-ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɊɭɫɢɱ
ɫ
261. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹȼɟɥɢɤɨɣɈɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɜɨɣɧɵɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨɋɨɸɡɚ-
ɝɆ
262. ɂɫɚɡɚɞɟ ɇ Ⱥɞɸɞɚɧɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ƚɚɡɟɬɚ Ɂɟɪɤɚɥɨ Ȼɚɤɭ
1996, N25.
263. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɋɋɋɊɆɨɫɤɜɚȼɵɫɲɚɹɒɤɨɥɚɫ
264. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹɝɚɡɟɬɚɆɨɫɤɜɚ941.
265. ɂɥɶɜɢɧɫɤɢɣ Ɇ ɀɢɡɧɶ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ Ȼɟɧɢɬɨ Ɇɭɫɫɨɥɢɧɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ȼɟɱɟ
ɫ
266. ɂɦɚɦɨɜȼɁɚɩɪɹɬɚɧɧɚɹɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚɬɚɪɄɚɡɚɧɶɄɚɦɚɡɫ
267. Ʉɚɜɤɚɡ-ɝɨɞɵɝɟɪɨɢɡɦɢɩɪɟɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨȼɨɟɧɧɨ-ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɠɭɪɧɚɥɆɨɫɤɜɚ1ɫ-43.
Ʉɟɪɲɨɭ əȽɢɬɥɟɪɊɨɫɬɨɜ-ɧɚȾɨɧɭɎɟɧɢɤɟɫ
269. Ʉɪɵɦɫɤɨ-ɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ Ɋɟɣɯɚ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬȼɨɟɧɧɨ-ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɠɭɪɧɚɥɆɨɫɤɜɚ1ɫ-95.
270. Ʉɨɪɯɦɚɡɹɧ Ɋ ɋ Ɍɭɪɟɰɤɨ-Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ
Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɣɜɨɣɧɵȿɪɟɜɚɧ
271. ɄɪɢɫɬɨɮɟɪɄɪɟɣɬɨɧɁɚɝɚɞɤɚȻɨɪɦɚɧɚɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɊɭɫɢɱɫ
272. Ʉɭɥɶɤɨɜ ȿ Ɇɟɱɤɨɜ Ɇ Ɋɠɟɬɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ɉ ȼɨɣɧɚ - ɮɚɤɬɵ ɢ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵɆɨɫɤɜɚɈɥɬɚ-ɩɪɟɫɫɫ
273. Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɵ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ± ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ Ⱥ ɇ
Ƚɨɪɞɢɟɧɤɨ-ɨɣɱɚɫɬɶɆɢɧɫɤɅɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫ
274. Ʉɨɧɹɟɜ ɇ Ⱦɜɚ ɥɢɰɚ ȼɥɚɫɨɜɚ ɀɢɡɧɶ ɫɭɞɶɛɚ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ȼɟɱɟ
ɫ
275. ɄɭɲɟɜɫɤɢɣȺɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵɣɞɨɝɨɜɨɪȽɚɡɟɬɚȺɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵɢɮɚɤɬɵ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ1
276. Ʉɢɫɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɘ Ƚ Ɉɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɞɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
277. ɄɨɦɦɭɧɢɫɬɝɚɡɟɬɚȻɚɤɭ1
278. ɄɪɚɫɧɚɹɁɜɟɡɞɚɝɚɡɟɬɚɆɨɫɤɜɚ
279. ɄɪɚɫɧɚɹɁɜɟɡɞɚɝɚɡɟɬɚɆɨɫɤɜɚ
280. ɄɪɚɫɧɚɹɁɜɟɡɞɚɝɚɡɟɬɚɆɨɫɤɜɚ1
281. ɄɪɚɫɧɚɹɁɜɟɡɞɚɝɚɡɟɬɁɚɱɟɦɜɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶɜɨɣɫɤɚ1.1989.
282. ɄɪɚɫɧɚɹɤɧɢɝɚȼɑɄɌɆɨɫɤɜɚɢɡɞɉɨɥɢɬɢɰɟɫɤɚɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɫ
283. Ʉɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚȼɑɄɌɆɨɫɤɜɚɢɡɞ ɉɨɥɢɬɢɰɟɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɫ
284. Ʌɟɧɢɧ ȼ ɂ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ -ɟ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ɍ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɫ
285. Ʌɟɬɨɩɢɫɶ ȼɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɉɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɋɋɋɊ - ɝ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫ
286. ɅɨɩɭɯɨɜȻɊɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɮɚɲɢɫɬɫɤɨɝɨɪɟɠɢɦɚɜɂɬɚɥɢɢɆɨɫɤɜɚɇɚɭɤɚ
ɫ
287. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ Ɉɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ⱦɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ -
ɝɝ ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ȼɵɩɭɫɤ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
Ƚɪɚɚɥɶ ɫ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ
ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
288. Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɱɢɧ ȼ Ɏɟɥɞɦɚɪɲɚɥ ɉɭɥɸɫ ɨɬ Ƚɢɬɥɟɪɚ ɤ ɋɬɚɥɢɧɭ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
Ⱦɟɞɟɤɬɢɜ-ɩɪɟɫɫɫ
289. ɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟɚɤɬɵɨɩɪɚɜɵɯɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟɫɛɞɨɤɆɨɫɤɜɚɫ
290. Ɇɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ Ⱦ ɑɟɪɧɚɹ Ʌ Ɍɚɣɧɵ Ƚɟɫɬɚɩɨ ɂɦɩɟɪɢɹ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ȼɟɱɟɫ
291. Ɇɷɧɜɟɥɥ Ɋ Ɏɪɟɧɤɟɥɶ Ƚ Ɂɧɚɦɟɧɨɫɟɰ ɑɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɞɟɧɚ Ƚɢɦɦɥɟɪ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚɐɟɧɬɪ-ɩɨɢɝɪɚɮɫ
292. Ɇɟɬɥɞɢɫɨɧ Ⱦɟɜɢɞ ɂɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɝɢɨɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ ɭ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ Ɋɟɣɯɚ
ɋɒȺ
293. ɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟɚɤɬɵɢɩɪɚɜɵɯɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɆɨɫɤɜɚɇɨɪɦɚ-ɂɧɮɪɚ
1998.
294. Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜ ȼ ȼɨɡɦɟɡɞɢɟ ȼ ɇɟɨɬɜɪɨɣɢɦɨɟ ɜɨɡɦɟɡɞɢɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
349.
295. ɆɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɟɇɨɜɨɫɬɢɝɚɡɟɬɚɆɨɫɤɜɚ1
296. ɆɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹɄɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹɆɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜɂɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯɞɟɥɋɋɋɊɋɒȺɢ
ȼɟɥɢɤɨ Ȼɪɢɬɚɧɢɢ - ɨɤɬɹɛɪ ɝɝ Ɍ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
297. Ɇɥɟɱɢɧ Ʌ ȼɥɚɫɨɜ ɢ ɜɥɚɫɨɜɰɵ ɀɭɪɧɚɥ ɇɨɜɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
1ɫ-40.
298. ɇɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɜɢɝ ɜ ɛɢɬɶɟ ɡɚ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡ ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɇɚɭɤɚ
ɫ
299. ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɋɑɬɨɤɪɨɟɬɫɹɡɚɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣɫɚɦɨɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɢɹȽɚɡɟɬɚȽɨɥɨɫ
ɊɨɞɢɧɵɆɨɫɤɜɚ1
300. ɇɨɜɚɹȽɚɡɟɬɚɝɚɡɟɬɚɆɨɫɤɜɚ1
301. ɇɸɪɧɛɟɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ Ɍ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɫ.
ɫ
303. ɇɸɪɟɧɛɟɪɝɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɆɨɫɤɜɚɌɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɅɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɫ
ɫ
305. ɇɸɪɧɛɟɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɢɉɪɚɜɚɫ
306. ɈɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɜɨɟɧɧɨɣɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢȺɜɬɨɪ-ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɉɟɬɪɨɜȺȼɆɢɧɫɤ
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫ
307. ɈɪɥɨɜȺɌɚɣɧɚɹɛɢɬɜɚɫɜɟɪɯɞɟɪɠɚɜɆɨɫɤɜɚȼɟɱɟɫ
308. ɈɝɨɧɟɤɠɭɪɧɚɥɆɨɫɤɜɚ1
309. ɈɝɢɧɉɄɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɨɝɨɞɢɜɢɡɢɢɉɪɚɜɞɚ1
310. Ɉɞɠɚɝɨɜɚ Ⱦ ɇɢɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɵɬɨ ɧɢɤɬɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɵɬ ɇɟɞɟɥɹ ɝɚɡɟɬɚ Ȼɚɤɭ
19.11.1999.
311. ɈɫɶɦɢɧɢɧɚȿɎɚɲɢɫɬɨɦɹɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɛɵɥɇɟɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɩɢɫɶɦɨ
ɂɜɚɧɚɒɦɟɥɟɜɚɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɚɹɝɚɡɟɬɚɆɨɫɤɜɚ 1999.
312. ɉɚɜɥɟɧɤɨɉɆɚɪɬɢɧȻɨɪɦɚɧɆɈɥɢɦɩɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɊɭɫɢɱɫ
313. ɉɨɰɯɜɟɪɢɹ Ȼ Ɇ ȼɧɟɲɧɹɹ Ȼ Ɇ ȼɧɟɲɧɹɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ Ɍɭɪɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ȼɬɨɪɨɣɆɢɪɨɜɨɣɜɨɣɧɵɆɨɫɤɜɚɇɚɭɤɚɫ
314. ɉɨɩɟɥɇɌɚɧɤɢɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɥɢɧɚɁɚɩɚɞɆ
315. ɉɹɬɶɞɟɫɹɬɶɥɟɬȼɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯɋɢɥɋɋɋɊɆ
316. ɉɷɞɮɦɥɞɉɢɬɟɪɆɢɫɫɢɹɊɭɞɨɥɶɮɚȽɟɫɫɚɌɚɣɧɵ;;ɜɟɤɚɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤ
Ɋɭɫɢɱɫ
317. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɨɪȾɆɎɚɲɢɡɦɉɭɬɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɢɝɢɛɟɥɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɇɚɭɤɚ
ɫ
318. ɉɪɟɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɂ ɉɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɇɄȼȾ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɡɝɧɚɧɢɢ ɱɟɱɟɧɨɜ ɢ
ɢɧɝɭɲɨɜɡɢɦɨɣɜɝɨɞɚɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹɝɚɡɟɬɚ1
319. ɉɥɟɯɚɧɨɜ Ƚ ȼ ɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɜɟɳɚɧɢɟ ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɚɹ ɝɚɡɟɬɚ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ1
320. ɉɪɚɜɞɚɝɚɡɟɬɚɆɨɫɤɜɚ
321. ɉɪɚɜɞɚɝɚɡɟɬɚɆɨɫɤɜɚ1
322. ɉɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ Ƚɢɬɥɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɣɧɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɋɨɸɡɚɆɨɫɤɜɚȼɨɟɧɧɨɟɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
323. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɚ ɉɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɶɹ ɋɨɜɟɬɚ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɋɋɋɊ ɫ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɋɒȺ ɢ ɉɪɟɦɟɪ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɦɢ ȼɟɥɢɤɨ Ȼɪɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ
Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɜɨɣɧɵ-ɝɝɉɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɚɫɍɑɟɪɱɢɥɥɟɦɢ;ɗɬɬɥɢɌ
1ɆɨɫɤɜɚɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɅɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
324. ɊɚɮɢɟɜȻȾɟɜɹɬɶɤɚɡɧɟɧɧɵɯɁɟɪɤɚɥɨɝɚɡɟɬȻɚɤɭ1
325. ɊɚɫɭɥɡɚɞɟɆɗɈɩɚɧɬɭɪɤɢɡɦɟɉɚɪɢɠ
326. Ɋɚɣɯȼɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɚɫɫɢɮɚɲɢɡɦɚɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫ
327. Ɋɚɮɚɢɥ ɇ ɉɪRɮɟɫɫɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɚɬɟɥɶ Ȼɚɤɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɝɚɡɟɬ Ȼɚɤɭ
1981, N250 (19278).
328. ɊɚɫɵɢɧɚɪɨɞɵȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɢɤɆɨɫɤɜɚ1
329. ɊɭɝɟȼɄɚɤȽɢɬɥɟɪɩɪɢɲɟɥɤɜɥɚɫɬɢɆɨɫɤɜɚɆɵɫɥɶɫ
330. ɊɢɛɛɟɧɬɪɨɩɂɎɆɟɦɭɚɪɵɧɚɰɢɫɬɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɚɆɨɫɤɜɚɆɵɫɥɶ
ɫ
331. ɊɨɤɨɫɫɨɜɫɤɢɣɄɄɋɨɥɞɚɬɫɤɢɣɞɨɥɝɆɨɫɤɜɚȼɨɟɧɢɡɞɚɬɫ
332. Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɟɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ
ɊɐɏɂȾɇɂ Ɏɨɧɞ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɬɚɛ ɩɚɪɬɢɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɐɒɉȾ-ɝɝɈɩɢɫɶɞɟɥɨ-750, 826, 849, 850, 853,
862, 909, 910, 912-914, 925, 945, 946, 984, 986, 1026, 1029, 1031, 1045-1049,
1076.
333. ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɗɧɫɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɚɹ
ɗɧɫɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹɫ
334. ɋɭɜɨɪɨɜȼɅɟɞɨɤɨɥɆɨɫɤɜɚɫ
335. ɋɭɜɨɪɨɜȼȾɟɧɶɆɨɫɤɜɚȺɋɌɫ
336. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜȻɇȼ ɩɥɟɧɭɆɨɫɤɜɚɐɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫ
337. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜȻȼɌɚɣɧɵȼɬɨɪɨɣɆɢɪɨɜɨɣɜɨɣɧɵɆɨɫɤɜɚȼɟɱɟɫ
338. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜȻȼɈɯɨɬɚɧɚɋɬɚɥɢɧɚɆɨɫɤɜɚȼɟɱɟɫ
339. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɹ ɝɚɡɟɬɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1
ɋɥɚɜɢɧɇɋɋɟɤɪɟɬɧɨɟɨɪɭɠɢɟɌɪɟɬɟɝɨɊɟɣɯɚɆɨɫɤɜɚȼɟɱɟɫ
340. ɋɨɥɠɟɧɢɰɵɧȺȺɪɯɢɩɟɥɚɝȽɍɅȺȽɌɆɨɫɤɜɚɂɧɤɨɦɇȼɫ
341. ɋɨɥɠɟɧɢɰɵɧȺȺɪɯɢɩɟɥɚɝȽɍɅȺȽɌɆɨɫɤɜɚɂɧɤɨɦɇȼɫ
342. ɋɥɚɜɢɧɇɋɋɟɤɪɟɬɧɨɟɨɪɭɠɢɟɌɪɟɬɶɟɝɨɊɟɣɯɚɆɨɫɤɜɚȼɟɱɟ
ɫ
343. ɋɬɢɜɟɧɫɄɅɟɫɥɢɁɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟȺɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɄɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ
ȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɠɭɪɧɚɥɆɸɧɯɟɧ1ɫ
344. ɋɢɝɧɚɥɠɭɪɧɚɥȻɟɪɥɢɧ1
345. ɋɋɋɊ ɜ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɮɚɲɢɫɬɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ - Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɇɚɭɤɚɫ
346. ɌɭɪɤɟɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɟɥɟɝɢɨɧɟɪɵȼɨɟɧɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɠɭɪɧɚɥɆɨɫɤɜɚ
1ɫ-46.
347. ɌɢɲɤɨɜȺɉɪɟɞɚɬɟɥɶɩɟɪɟɞɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɦɫɭɞɨɦɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɢ
ɩɪɚɜɨ1ɫ-92.
348. ɌɟɩɥɸɤɨɜɋɉɨɬɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɮɪɨɧɬɚɆɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɟɇɨɜɨɫɬɢɆɨɫɤɜɚ
N19.
349. Ɍɟɝɟɪɚɧ əɥɬɚ ɉɨɬɫɞɚɦ ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɂɡɞɚɧɢɟ -ɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɫ
350. Ɍɪɭɯɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȼ Ƚ ɒɚɤɢɪɨɜ Ɋ ɋ ɋɟɤɪɟɬ ɨ ɦɢɪɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɢ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɆɨɫɤɜɚɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɫ
Ɍɪɭɯɚɧɨɜɫɤɢ ȼȽ Ⱥɧɬɨɧɢ ɂɞɟɧ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ
ɫ
352. ɌɨɤɚɪɟɜɄɉɪɢɝɨɜɨɪɄɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤɚɹɉɪɚɜɞɚɝɚɡɟɬ
353. ɍɪɛɢɰȼɀɠɟɬɥɚɞɨɧɪɭɤɨɩɨɠɚɬɢɟɋɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɝɚɡɟɬɆɨɫɤɜɚ
N46.
354. Ɏɚɬɚɥɢɛɟɣɥɢ Ⱥ Ⱦɭɞɟɧɝɢɧɫɤɢ ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɣɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɋɋɋɊ
355. Ɏɚɬɚɥɢɛɟɣɥɢ Ⱥ Ⱦɭɞɟɧɝɢɧɫɤɢ ɉɪɨɜɚɧ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɜ Ʉɨɪɟɟ
356. Ɏɚɬɚɥɢɛɟɣɥɢ Ⱥ Ⱦɭɞɟɧɝɢɧɫɤɢ Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɡɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɶ
ɧɚɪɨɞɚɦ"ȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɠɭɪɧɚɥɆɸɧɯɟɧ1ɫ
357. Ɏɚɬɚɥɢɛɟɣɥɢ Ⱥ Ⱦɭɞɟɧɝɢɧɫɤɢ ɉɢɫɶɦɨ ɤ Ⱦɠɟɣɯɭɧɭ Ƚɚɞɠɢɛɟɣɥɢ
ɆɸɧɯɟɧɂɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨɚɪɯɢɜɚɊɚɦɢɡɚȺɛɭɬɚɥɵɛɨɜɚɄɨɩɢɹɩɢɫɶɦɚ
ɭɚɜɬɨɪɚ
ɭɚɜɬɨɪɚ
359. ɎɚɬɚɥɢɛɟɣɥɢȺȾɭɞɟɧɝɢɧɫɤɢɌɟɤɫɬɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɧɚɊɚɞɢɨɋɜɨɛɨɞɚ
ɝ ɇɨɦɟɪ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ Ȼ- ɂɡ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɜɚ Ⱥɛɢɞɚ Ɍɚɯɢɪɥɢ Ʉɨɩɢɹ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɭɚɜɬɨɪɚ
360. Ɏɚɬɚɥɢɛɟɣɥɢ Ⱥ Ⱦɭɞɟɧɝɢɧɫɤɢ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɫɬɢ Ɋɚɞɢɨ ɋɜɨɛɨɞɚ
ɪɟɞ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ ɢɸɧ ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧ 1 ɂɡ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɜɚ Ⱥɛɢɞɚ
ɌɚɯɢɪɥɢɄɨɩɢɹɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɭɚɜɬɨɪɚ
361. Ɏɚɬɚɥɢɛɟɣɥɢ Ⱥ Ⱦɭɞɟɧɝɢɧɫɤɢ Ɉ ɟɞɢɧɨɦ ɚɧɬɢɛɨɥɲɟɜɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ
362. Ɏɚɬɚɥɢɛɟɣɥɢ Ⱥ Ⱦɭɞɟɧɝɢɧɫɤɢ ɉɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ
Ɇɸɧɯɟɧ1ɫ-7.
363. ɎɚɬɚɥɢɛɟɣɥɢȺȾɭɞɟɧɝɢɧɫɤɢɉɢɫɶɦɨɤȾɠɟɣɯɭɧɭȽɚɞɠɢɛɟɣɥɢ
ɂɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨɚɪɯɢɜɚɊɚɦɢɡɚȺɛɭɬɚɥɵɛɨɜɚɄɨɩɢɹɩɢɫɶɦɚɭɚɜɬɨɪɚ
ɭɚɜɬɨɪɚ
ɆɸɧɯɟɧɂɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨɚɪɯɢɜɚɊɚɦɢɡɚȺɛɭɬɚɥɵɛɨɜɚɄɨɩɢɹɩɢɫɶɦɨɭ
ɚɜɬɨɪɚ
Ɇɸɧɯɟɧɂɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɜɚɊɚɦɢɡɚȺɛɭɬɚɥɵɛɨɜɚɄɨɩɢɹɩɢɫɶɦɚ
ɭɚɜɬɨɪɚ
ɭɚɜɬɨɪɚ
ɭɚɜɬɨɪɚ
369. Ɏɚɬɚɥɢɛɟɣɥɢ Ⱥ Ⱦɭɞɟɧɝɢɧɫɤɢ ɉɢɫɶɦɨ ɩɪɟɦɟɪ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɭ Ʉ ɗɬɬɥɭ ɂɡ
ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨɚɪɯɢɜɚɊȺɛɭɬɚɥɵɛɨɜɚɄɨɩɢɹɩɢɫɶɦɨɭɚɜɬɨɪɚ
370. ɎɪɟɞɟɪɢɤɞɟɆɭɥɢɧɟɧɉɪɚɜɨɜɨɣɧɵɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯɫɢɥ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚɫ
371. ɏɨɮɮɦɚɧɃɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɜɥɚɫɨɜɫɤɨɣɚɪɦɢɢɉɚɪɢɠɂɦɤɚ-ɉɪɟɫɫ
ɫ
372. ɑɟɪɧɚɹɅɄɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɟɞɢɤɬɚɬɨɪɵɊɨɫɬɨɜɧɚȾɨɧɭɎɟɧɢɤɫ
373. ɐɟɧɬɪ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɐɂȾɄ Ɏɨɧɞ
ȼɨɟɧɧɵɟɢɜɨɟɧɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹȽɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ-ɝɝ
ɈɩɢɫɶɞɟɥɚɈɩɢɫɶɞɟɥɨ
374. ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɪɯɢɜ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ Ɉɛɨɪɨɧɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɐȺɆɈ ɊɎ Ɏɨɧɞ Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɣ Ⱥɪɦɢɢ
1941-ɝɝɈɩɢɫɶȾɟɥɨɨɩɢɫɶȾɟɥɚɈɩɢɫɶ
Ⱦɟɥɨ Ɏɨɧɞ ɉɨɥɟɜɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ -ɣ ɝɜɚɪɞɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɪɦɢɢ
Ɉɩɢɫɶ ɞɟɥɨ Ɏɨɧɞ ɉɨɥɟɜɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ -ɣ ɚɪɦɢɢ -1945
ɝɝɈɩɢɫɶȾɟɥɨɎɨɧɞɉɨɥɟɜɨɟɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ-ɣɚɪɦɢɢ-
ɝɝɈɩɢɫɶ ȾɟɥɨɈɩɢɫɶȾɟɥɨɎɨɧɞɉɨɥɟɜɨɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ -ɣ ɚɪɦɢɢ - ɝɝ Ɉɩɢɫɶ Ⱦɟɥɨ Ɏɨɧɞ
ɉɨɥɟɜɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ -ɣ ɚɪɦɢɢ - ɝɝ Ɉɩɢɫɶ Ⱦɟɥɨ
Ɏɨɧɞɉɨɥɟɜɨɟɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ-ɣɚɪɦɢɢ-ɝɝɈɩɢɫɶɞɟɥɨ
13.
375. ɒɚɬɨɜɆȼɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɢɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵɈȾɇɊɜɝɨɞɵ-ɣɦɢɪɨɜɨɣɜɨɣɧɵ
Ɍɇɸ-Ƀɨɪɤȼɫɟɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɨɟɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɫ
376. ɒɚɤɢɛɚɟɜɋɉɚɞɟɧɢɟȻɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɌɭɪɤɟɫɬɚɧɚȺɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɚɏɚɡɭɲɢ
ɫ
377. ɒɩɟɟɪȺɥɛɟɪɬȼɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɊɭɫɢɱɫ
378. ɒɬɪɢɤ-ɒɬɪɢɤɮɟɥɶɞɬ ɉɪɨɬɢɜ ɋɬɚɥɢɧɚ ɢ Ƚɢɬɥɟɪɚ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥ ȼɥɚɫɨɜ ɢ
ɊɭɫɫɤɨɟɈɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟȾɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɆɨɫɤɜɚɉɨɫɟɜɫ
379. əɤɨɜɥɟɜ ɇ ɇ ɐɊɍ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɋɋɋɊ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɟ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɫ
;DULFLԥGԥEL\\DW
380. Ahmet Temir. 60 yil Almaniya (1936-1996), Ankara, 1998, s.426.

381. Ali Nussein. Wer hat den Mord bestellt? Abendzeitunq, Munhen, 1954,
N282.
382. $GROI+LWOHU.DYJDQLøVWDQEXO7RNHU\D\ÕQODUÕV
383. %XUKDQ2÷X]<]\LOODUER\XQFD$OPDQ*HUoH÷LYH7UNOHUøVWDQEXO
384. &HQJL]2]DNLQFLøUWLFD-øVWDQEXOV
385. Carnier P.A. L Armata cassacca in Italia 1944-1945. Milano, 1990, 299 r.
386. COUDRU G. les camrs sovietigues en France: les "Russes" livres a Staline en
1945. Paris, 1997, 340 r.
387. Der Zweite Weetkried im Bilden und Dokumenten. Munhen, 1981-ȼG
1-3.
388. Dallin A. German rule in Russia 1941-1945: Astudy of occurationrolices.
London. New-York. Mc. Millan, 1957,696 r.
389. Der Stern. Munhen, 1954, N51.
390. Nitlers Weisungen fur die Kriegsfuhrung 1939-1945. Frankfurt-Main, 1962-
330 s.
391. Noffmann L. Deutsche und Kalmyken 1941 bis 1945. Freiburg: Rombach,
1974, 214 s.
392. Noffmann L. Die Kaukasien 1942-1943: Das deutsche Neer and die Ostrolker
der Sowyetunion. Freiburg: Rombach, 1991, 530 s.
393. Noffmann L. Die Ostlegionen 1941-1943: Turkotataren, Kaukasier und
Wolgafinen im deutschen Neer. Freiburg: Rombach, 1976, 197 s.
394. Lettlegohn D. Forein legiov of the Third Reich. Vol. 4. - San-Lose (Calif): R.
L. Bender, 1987, 380 r.
395. Muhlen Patrik fon Zur. Camali Xac iOH4Õ]ÕOXOGX]DUDVÕQGD$QNDUDV
264.
396. Muncher Nlostriertr. Munhen, 18. 12. 1954.
397. Newland S. Cossacks in German army 1941-1945. London 1991, 218 r.
1HKPHW6$]HUED\FDQOL.XUPD\PLQEDVL7XUN\ROXøVWDQEXO1
399. OUICK. Munchen, 1954, N50.
400. Rasim Eksi. Erol Cihangir. Dr. Baymiza Nayit Armagai. Istanbul, Turan
.XOWXU9DNIÕ1RFD$KPHGhHVYL9DNIÕV
401. Ronco M. Di 1 occurarione cosacco-caucasta della Carina (1944-1945): ne
Aguilsa. (B. d. L.), 225 r.
402. The Naqorni Karabach. Ankara. 1988ɫ
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Azərbaycan Legionerləri

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