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Li X, editor. Polycystic Kidney Disease [Internet]. Brisbane (AU): Codon Publications; 2015 Nov. doi: 10.15586/codon.pkd.2015.ch13
A schematic of miRNA biogenesis and function in animals. miRNA biogenesis begins in the nucleus, where RNA-polymerase II-dependent (RNAPII) transcription of a relatively large capped and polyadenylated transcript known as primary miRNA (pri-miRNA). Pri-miRNA is processed by the RNase III endonuclease, Drosha, and its cofactor, Dgcr8 into smaller stem-looped structures known as precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNA). Pre-miRNAs are transported out of the nucleus by Exportin 5 into the cytosol, where further processing by a second RNase III enzyme, Dicer, leads to the generation of mature miRNA. The mature miRNA associates with the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC), where Watson-Crick base-pairing between the seed-sequence of a mature miRNA and complementary sequences primarily located within 3’-UTRs of mRNAs results in post-transcriptional gene silencing.
From: Chapter 13, MicroRNAs and Polycystic Kidney Disease
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