Hodgekin's ppt
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Hodgkin's lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system characterized by abnormal Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. It has various stages and types, and common causes include past Epstein-Barr infection, age 15-30 or over 50, male gender, and family history. Signs include swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and itching. Diagnosis involves lymph node biopsy to check for Reed-Sternberg cells. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation, with nursing care focused on managing side effects, educating patients, and providing support.
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Hodgekin's ppt
- 1. PRESENTED BY SUDESH KUMARI M.Sc NURSING 1ST YEAR
- 3. DEFINITION Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) cells are the hallmark cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). They are large, often multinucleated with a peculiar morphology and an unusual immunophenotype, that does not resemble any normal cell in the body
- 4. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Lymphoma TYPES
- 5. STAGES OF HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
- 6. Past Epstein-Barr infection(B-lymphocytes ) AGE 15-30 OR >50 YEARS GENDER MOSTLY MALES ARE MORE AR RISK FAMILY HISTORY
- 7. • The mutation causes a large number of oversized, abnormal lymphocytes to accumulate in the lymphatic system, where they crowd out healthy cells and cause the signs and symptoms of Hodgkin's lymphoma CAUSES
- 8. • Painless swelling of lymph nodes in your neck, armpits or groin • Persistent fatigue • Fever • Night sweats • Unexplained weight loss • Severe itching SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
- 10. Bone merrow aspiration (biopsy ) Removing a lymph node (BIOPSY): Lymph node biopsy procedure to remove a lymph node for laboratory testing. Doctor will diagnose classical Hodgkin's lymphoma if abnormal cells called Reed- Sternberg cells are found within the lymph node.
- 11. complication All of the above The speed at which an object falls Immunosuppressant Infertility Metastasis Cardiovascular disorders
- 13. CHEMOTHERAPY: • Chemo for Hodgkin lymphoma combines several drugs because different drugs kill cancer cells in different ways. The combinations used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma are often referred to by abbreviations. The most common regimen in the United States is a 4-drug combination called ABVD, which consists of: • Adriamycin® (doxorubicin) • Bleomycin • Vinblastine • Dacarbazine (DTIC)
- 14. • Assessing fluid and electrolyte balance. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, altered taste, mucositis, and diarrhea put patients at risk for nutritional and fluid electrolyte disturbances. • Modifying risks for infection and bleeding. Suppression of the bone marrow and immune system is expected and frequently serves as a guide in determining appropriate chemotherapy dosage but increases the risk of anemia, infection, and bleeding disorders. • Administering chemotherapy. The patient is observed closely during its administration because of the risk and consequences of extravasation, particularly of vesicant agent. • Protecting caregivers. Nurses must be familiar with their institutional policies regarding personal protective equipment, handling and disposal of chemotherapeutic agents and supplies, and management of accidental spills or exposures NURSING MANAGEMENT IN CHEMOTHERAPY
- 15. • Two types of ionizing radiation-electromagnetic radiation (xrays and gamma rays) and particulate radiation (electrons, beta particles, protons, neutrons, and alpha particles)- can lead to tissue disruption. DOSAGE: • Lethal tumor dose. The lethal tumor dose is defined as that dose that will eradicate 95% of the tumor yet preserve normal tissue. • Fractions. In external beam radiation, the total radiation dose is delivered over several weeks in daily doses called fractions. • Fractionated doses. Repeated radiation treatments over time also allow for the periphery of the tumor to be reoxygenated repeatedly, because tumors shrink from the outside inward. RADIOTHERAPY
- 16. • Teletherapy (external beam radiation). External beam radiation therapy is the most commonly used form of radiation, in which, depending on the size, shape, and location of the tumor, different energy levels are generated to produce a carefully shaped beam that will destroy the targeted tumor. • Brachytherapy (internal radiation). Internal radiation implantation, or brachytherapy, delivers a high dose of radiation to a localized area and can be implanted by means of needles, seeds, beads, or catheters into body cavities (vagina, abdomen, pleura) or interstitial compartments (breast, prostate). TYPES OF RADIOTHERAPY
- 17. Provide information about the treatment and its side-effects * Support and care before treatment: * Address patient concerns * Give instructions on skin care to minimise Complications and discomfort * Address fertility issues * Assess skin for integrity ,dehydration, and sufficient haemoglobin level * Premedication Nursing management in radiotherapy
- 18. What is the name of our galaxy?
- 19. Counselling patients on the procedure and anticipated outcomes and complications * Premedication before Stem Cell Transplantation , to reduce unwarranted symptoms * Ensuring the patient is hydrated before, during and after stem cell infusion * Providing follow-up care to help prevent and treat complications Nursing management in SCT
- 20. Nurses have a key role in the treatment process * Education and support are the cornerstone of nursing care * BUT…. we need to keep up to date and respond to our patients needs…. SUMMARY
- 21. THANKY OU