蝴蝶鱼是蝴蝶鱼科蝴蝶鱼属鱼类，又名蝶齿鱼。该鱼体长约12厘米，身体褐色，色彩单调，体形并无特异之处，但其胸腹鳍与一般鱼类不同，胸鳍宽大，腹鳍各鳍条彼此分离，只在基部相连。雌雄容易区别，雄鱼体色较深，臀鳍变粗大，适于交配；雌鱼有明显的不规则花纹，臀鳍正常。 [3]游泳时似飞行中的蝴蝶，故名蝴蝶鱼。蝴蝶鱼约有18属190种，中国产蝴蝶鱼科有14属约57种。 [4]
蝴蝶鱼分布于大西洋、印度洋和太平洋的热带和暖温带海洋珊瑚礁海域，主要分布于南海，只有少部分进入东海南部。蝴蝶鱼生性活泼，行动迅速，性胆怯，常隐身于珊瑚礁石间。肉食性或杂食性，以浮游甲壳动物、珊瑚虫、蠕虫、软体动物和其他微小动物为食。对水质要求较高，要求海水的相对密度为1.020-1.023，水温26-30℃，pH在8以下。 [4]繁殖方法不详，据说雌鱼受精后，精子可保存在体内很长时间，因而在以后多次产卵时不必再度受精即可产出受精卵，受精卵含在雌鱼口内孵化。 [3]
蝴蝶鱼多用作观赏鱼。 [4]蝴蝶鱼是“一夫一妻”的绝对捍卫者，它们总是成双成对地出现和嬉戏，当一只鱼在进食的时候，另一只会在旁边四处巡逻保卫。 [5]
蝴蝶鱼蝴蝶鱼大部分都生活在20公尺以内的浅水水域，是很典型的日行性鱼类，白天出来找东西吃、交配，晚上才躲在礁洞里面休息。觅食时，或群游，或成对，或独游。食性变异大，有的从礁岩表面啄食躲藏在缝隙里的小型无脊椎动物及藻类，有的在水层中捡食浮游动物，有的只吃活珊瑚的水螅虫等。行动迅速，稍受惊动即躲入珊瑚礁或岩石缝中。它们生活史中需要经过一段长时间的漂流期，而使得人工繁殖不易成功。
乌顶蝴蝶鱼 | Chaetodon adiergastos | Philippine butterflyfish |
Chaetodon andamanensis | - | |
Chaetodon argentatus | Asian butterflyfish | |
点列蝴蝶鱼 | Chaetodon assarius | West Australian butterflyfish |
Chaetodon aureofasciatus | Golden butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon auriga | Threadfin butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon auripes | Oriental butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon austriacus | Blacktail butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon baronessa | Eastern triangular butterflyfish | |
本氏蝴蝶鱼 | Chaetodon bennetti | Bluelashed butterflyfish |
Chaetodon blackburnii | Brownburnie | |
Chaetodon burgessi | Burgess' butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon capistratus | Foureye butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon citrinellus | Speckled butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon collare | Redtail butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon daedalma | Wrought iron butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon declivis | Marquesas butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon decussatus | Indian vagabond butterflyfish | |
阿曼蝴蝶鱼 | Chaetodon dialeucos | Oman butterflyfish |
黑缘蝴蝶鱼 | Chaetodon dolosus | African butterflyfish |
Chaetodon ephippium | Saddle butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon falcula | Blackwedged butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon fasciatus | Diagonal butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon flavirostris | Black butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon flavocoronatus | Yellow-crowned butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon fremblii | Bluestriped butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon gardineri | Gardner's butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon guentheri | Crochet butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon guttatissimus | Peppered butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon hoefleri | Four-banded butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon humeralis | Threebanded butterflyfish | |
点斑蝴蝶鱼 | Chaetodon interruptus | Yellow teardrop butterflyfish |
Chaetodon kleinii | Sunburst butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon larvatus | Hooded butterflyfish | |
白肋蝴蝶鱼 | Chaetodon leucopleura | Somali butterflyfish |
Chaetodon lineolatus | Lined butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon litus | Easter Island butterflyfish] | |
Chaetodon lunula | Raccoon butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon lunulatus | Oval butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon madagascariensis | Seychelles butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon marleyi | Doublesash butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon melannotus | Blackback butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon melapterus | Arabian butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon mertensii | Atoll butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon mesoleucos | White-face butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon meyeri | Scrawled butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon miliaris | Millet butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon mitratus | Indian butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon multicinctus | Pebbled butterflyfish | |
黑斑蝴蝶鱼 | Chaetodon nigropunctatus | Black-spotted butterflyfish |
日本蝴蝶鱼 | Chaetodon nippon | Japanese butterflyfish |
Chaetodon ocellatus | Spotfin butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon ocellicaudus | Spot-tail butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon octofasciatus | Eightband butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon ornatissimus | Ornate butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon oxycephalus | Spot-nape butterflyfish | |
稀带蝴蝶鱼 | Chaetodon paucifasciatus | Eritrean butterflyfish |
Chaetodon pelewensis | Sunset butterflyfish | |
马掌蝴蝶鱼 | Chaetodon pictus | Horseshoe butterflyfish |
Chaetodon plebeius | Blueblotch butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon punctatofasciatus | Spotband butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon quadrimaculatus | Fourspot butterflyfish | |
雷氏蝴蝶鱼 | Chaetodon rafflesii | Latticed butterflyfish |
Chaetodon rainfordi | Rainford's butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon reticulatus | Mailed butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon robustus | Three-banded butterflyfish | |
圣赫拿蝴蝶鱼 | Chaetodon sanctaehelenae | Saint Helena butterflyfish |
Chaetodon sedentarius | Reef butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon selene | Yellow-dotted butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon semeion | Dotted butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon semilarvatus | Bluecheek butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon smithi | Smith's butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon speculum | Mirror butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon striatus | Banded butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon tinkeri | Hawaiian butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon triangulum | Triangle butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon trichrous | Tahiti butterflyfish | |
波带蝴蝶鱼 | Chaetodon tricinctus | Three-striped butterflyfish |
Chaetodon trifascialis | Chevron butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon trifasciatus | Melon butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon ulietensis | Pacific double-saddle butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon unimaculatus | Teardrop butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon vagabundus | Vagabond butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon wiebeli | Hongkong butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon xanthocephalus | Yellowhead butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon xanthurus | Pearlscale butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon zanzibarensis | Zanzibar butterflyfish [2] |
